Epidemiology of Cancers in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Protocol for Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews

While earlier studies on men having sex with men (MSM) tended to examine infection-related cancers, an increasing number of studies have been focusing on effects of sexual orientation on other cancers and social and cultural causes for cancer disparities. As a type of tertiary research, this umbrella review (UR) aims to synthesize findings from existing review studies on the effects of sexual orientation on cancer. Relevant peer-reviewed systematic reviews (SRs) will be identified without date or language restrictions using MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews, among others. The research team members will prepare the data extraction forms. Two reviewers will independently assess extracted SRs using the Assessment of Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews. A third reviewer will weigh in to resolve discrepancies. The reviewers will be blinded to publisher, journal, and authors, making their judgements on the title, year, and abstract. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis checklist will guide data synthesis. By collating evidence from multiple reviews into one accessible and usable document, our first UR on global epidemiology of malignancies among MSM would serve as an evidence-based decision-making tool for the public health community

Основанный на знаниях подход прогнозирования последствий нефтяных разливов на поверхность земли

The oil industry carries enormous environmental risks and can cause consequences at different levels: water, air, soil, and, therefore, all living things on our planet. In this regard, forecasting the environmental consequences of oil spill accidents becomes relevant. Moreover, forecasting of oil spill accidents can be used to quickly assess the consequences of an accident that has already occurred, as well as to develop a plan of operational measures to eliminate possible accidents, facilities under construction, associated with the transportation, storage or processing of petroleum products. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a knowledge-based approach and its implementing system for forecasting the consequences of an accidental oil spills on the ground and groundwater. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it allows us to forecast the oil spill in a complex and systematic way. It consists of components for modelling geological environment (i.e., geological layers, oil spill form, the oil migration with groundwater), forecasting component for an oil spill and pollution mitigation component. Moreover, the forecasting component is based on experts’ knowledge on oil spill. In addition, the paper presents a general architecture for the implementation of the proposed knowledge-based approach and its implementation into a prototype named SoS-Ground.Нефтяная промышленность сопряжена с огромными экологическими рисками и может привести к последствиям на самых разных уровнях. Это имеет отношение как к воде, воздуху, почве, так и ко всем живым существам на нашей планете. В этой связи прогнозирование экологических последствий при аварийных разливах нефти является весьма актуальным. Кроме того, прогнозирование аварийных разливов нефти может быть использовано для быстрой оценки последствий в рамках уже произошедшей аварии, а также для разработки плана оперативных мероприятий по ликвидации возможных аварий, строящихся объектов, связанных с транспортировкой, хранением или переработкой нефтепродуктов. Таким образом, цель данной работы представить подход, основанный на знаниях, и систему его реализации для прогнозирования последствий аварийных разливов нефти на земле и в грунтовых водах. Новизна предлагаемого подхода заключается в том, что он позволяет комплексно и системно прогнозировать нефтяные разливы. Подход состоит из компонентов для моделирования геологической среды (т.е. геологических слоев, формы разлива нефти, миграции нефти вместе с грунтовыми водами), компонента по прогнозированию разлива нефти и компонента, смягчающего последствия загрязнения окружающей среды. Помимо этого, компонент, позволяющий осуществлять прогнозирование, основан на экспертных знаниях о нефтяных разливах. В дополнение, в данной статье представлена общая структура реализации предложенного подхода, основанного на знаниях, и его осуществление в виде прототипа SoS-Groun

Основанный на знаниях подход прогнозирования последствий нефтяных разливов на поверхность земли

The oil industry carries enormous environmental risks and can cause consequences at different levels: water, air, soil, and, therefore, all living things on our planet. In this regard, forecasting the environmental consequences of oil spill accidents becomes relevant. Moreover, forecasting of oil spill accidents can be used to quickly assess the consequences of an accident that has already occurred, as well as to develop a plan of operational measures to eliminate possible accidents, facilities under construction, associated with the transportation, storage or processing of petroleum products. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a knowledge-based approach and its implementing system for forecasting the consequences of an accidental oil spills on the ground and groundwater. The novelty of the proposed approach is that it allows us to forecast the oil spill in a complex and systematic way. It consists of components for modelling geological environment (i.e., geological layers, oil spill form, the oil migration with groundwater), forecasting component for an oil spill and pollution mitigation component. Moreover, the forecasting component is based on experts’ knowledge on oil spill. In addition, the paper presents a general architecture for the implementation of the proposed knowledge-based approach and its implementation into a prototype named SoS-Ground

СИСТЕМА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ КАК ОБЪЕКТ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

The article describes the health care system of the Russian Federation as anobject of statistical analysis. The features of accounting of the health system in Russia. The article highlights the key aspects of the health system, which is characterized as fully as possible the object of study.В статье дается характеристика системы здравоохранения Российской Федерациикакобъектастатистического анализа. Представлены особенности учета деятельности системы здравоохранения России. В статье выделены ключевые аспекты деятельности системы здравоохранения, которые максимальнополнохарактеризуютобъект исследования

ПОДХОДЫ К ПОСТРОЕНИЮ СИСТЕМЫ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СИСТЕМЫ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

The article deals with the construction of a system of statistical indicators for an integrated assessment of the health system.Different approaches to the construction ofa system of indicators. Author’s system of statistical indicators of the health system.The questions of information support ofthe developed system of indicators.В статье рассматриваются вопросы построения системы статистических показателей для комплексной оценки состояния системы здравоохранения. Представлены различные подходы к построению системы показателей. Представлена авторская система статистическихпоказателейдеятельности системы здравоохранения. Подробно рассмотренывопросыинформационногообеспеченияразработаннойсистемы показателей

Shewhart Control Chart: Long-Term Data Analysis Tool with High Development Capacity

This chapter suggests some of the ways in which we can enrich our understanding of the theory of variability when we extend our attention to a gap between the real problems any practitioner may encounter and the traditional theory of control charts stated in textbooks, guides, standards, etc. The benefits are about more than just covering additional ground, for this expanded focus also provides insights into how many real problems are being ignored, many new types of charts turn out to be excessively difficult for engineers, many tacit assumptions that traditional theory is based on stay not being understood by practitioners. We are going to consider the impact of different types of process instability, data homogeneity, nonnormality, and nonrandomness on the right application of Shewhart control charts. We also propose the recommendations to practitioners on how to avoid the above-mentioned problems and improve data-based decision-making

Features of economic costs of trading enterprise: Theory and practice

© Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd. Under the conditions of commodity-money relations and economic isolation of the enterprise, there are inevitable differences between public expenses and production expenses of the company. Public production expenses are a combination of live and embodied labor which finds expression in the cost of production. Expenses of the enterprise consist of the sum of all expenses of the enterprise for production and its sale. These expenses, expressed in monetary terms, are called costs and are part of the product value. The largest share of the expenses for industrial production consists of raw materials and basic materials, followed by salaries and depreciation. Getting the maximum effect with the least costs, saving manpower, material and financial resources depend on how the company solves the problems of reducing the cost of production. The process of improving the organization of production and labor, in addition to cost saving by reducing the losses, more often than not provides for increased productivity of labor, i.e. saving the cost of human labor. At the current stage of economic development, the economy of human labor in comparison with the economy of social labor gives more significant results, as evidenced by the study of economic growth through the use of a production function