Connecting numbers to discrete quantification: A step in the child’s construction of integer concepts

The present study asks when young children understand that number words quantify over sets of discrete individuals. For this study, 2- to 4-year-old children were asked to extend the number word five or six either to a cup containing discrete objects (e.g., blocks) or to a cup containing a continuous substance (e.g., water). In Experiment 1, only children who knew the exact meanings of the words one, two and three extended higher number words (five or six) to sets of discrete objects. In Experiment 2, children who only knew the exact meaning of one extended higher number words to discrete objects under the right conditions (i.e., when the problem was first presented with the number words one and two). These results show that children have some understanding that number words pertain to discrete quantification from very early on, but that this knowledge becomes more robust as children learn the exact, cardinal meanings of individual number words

CHAD 60: Child Development Course Redesign

Poster summarizing course redesign activities for CHAD 60: Child Development.https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/davinci_itcr2014/1014/thumbnail.jp

Language counts: Early language mediates the relationship between parent education and children\u27s math ability

Children\u27s early math skills have been hailed as a powerful predictor of academic success. Disparities in socioeconomic context, however, also have dramatic consequences on children\u27s learning. It is therefore critical to investigate both of these distinct contributors in order to better understand the early foundations of children\u27s academic outcomes. This study tests an integrated model of children\u27s developing math ability so as to (1) identify the specific skills and abilities most clearly linked to early math achievement and (2) measure the influence of children\u27s socioeconomic context on each of these skills. We first evaluated the early vocabulary, number word knowledge (knower level), and Approximate Number System (ANS) acuity of a diverse group of preschoolers. Then, approximately 1 year later as they entered Kindergarten, we administered a test of early math achievement. We find that children\u27s early language (general vocabulary and number word knowledge) fully mediates the relationship between parent education and math ability. Additionally, number word knowledge mediates the relationship between ANS acuity and early math. We argue that increased focus on number word knowledge, as well as general vocabulary, may help to minimize disparities in math ability as children enter kindergarten. We also highlight the role of parent education on children\u27s learning and note that this may be an important locus for intervention

Acoustic spectral analysis and testing techniques

Subjects covered in four reports are described including: (1) mathematical techniques for combining decibel levels of octaves or constant bandwidth: (2) techniques for determining equation for power spectral density function; (3) computer program to analyze acoustical test data; and (4) computer simulation of horn responses utilizing hyperbolic horn theory

Baseline data of a longitudinal assessment of a Bachelor of Science in Health Science (BSHS) Program based on the core competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCP)

Background: IPCP has been identified as essential to provide quality healthcare: so, IPE is being integrated to professional programs. While IPE is being researched in professional programs, not much is known about IPE at the pre-professional level. Purpose: Stockton’s BSHS program was built based upon the Core Competencies for IPCP. The current study assessed the following IPE-related constructs: Health Science Reasoning, Ethical Decision Making for Health, Attitude Towards Health Care Teams, and Readiness for IP Learning. Description: A cohort of students was recruited during the introductory course to the program. The following measures were administered at baseline: Health Science Reasoning Test (HSRT), Ethical Decision Making (EDM) Measure for Health Science, The Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams Scale (ATHCTS), Readiness for Interprofessional Learning (RIPLS) and demographic questions. Results: A cohort (N = 483) of students was recruited; N = 464 participated of the baseline. Results of main measures are: HSRT (M = 17.2, SD = 4.7), EDM (M = 2.18, SD = 0.20), ATHCTS (M = 4.1, SD = 0.47), RIPLS (M = 3.68, SD = 0.91). Results for subscales and demographic data will be included in the presentation. Conclusions: Results from EDM, ATHCTS and RIPLS suggest undergraduate pre-professional students’ Ethicality is at expected levels, they have positive attitudes toward healthcare teams and are prepared to receive IPE. However, the sample performed significantly below the expected level of critical thinking. Relevance: This suggests that students in an undergraduate health science program can receive interprofessional education, at least at the attitudinal and awareness level. IPE at this level can effectively foster positive attitudes towards working interprofessionally

Discerning Migration In The Archaeological Record: A Case Study At Chichén Itzá

Migration, as a theory to explain aspects in the archaeological record, has fallen out of favor in Mesoamerican archaeology, possibly due to a lack of a standard definition or description of migration. Migration as an explanation of change in Maya civilizations has been around since the 1950\u27s and the culture-history era of American archaeology. Since the early 1990\u27s, migration has been treated as a process, one that can be discerned in pre-literate cultures as well as historical ones. Models of the migration process are being developed and tested. One type of migration, elite dominance migration, is a particularly suitable process to study in Mesoamerica. A model of elite dominance migration might include the following attributes: advance contact by the migrating culture, migration to a center, maintenance of contact with the sending population, spatial concentration of the incoming population, migration of a selected population of elites, and a cause or push factor. To find these attributes, the receiving population is studied to determine if there are multiple changes in the material record consistent with an intrusion of an outside group. And, there should be a rough chronological correlation between the sending and receiving populations. The Maya site of Chichén Itzá is a classic case study, and provides a starting point as a possible receiving population of an elite dominance migration. There is an abundance of scholarship devoted to the question of the relationship between Chichén Itzá and Tula, Hidalgo, in Central Mexico. The iconographic similarities between the two sites are numerous and have been thoroughly discussed in the literature. But, there is much more evidence that should be examined in applying a model of elite dominance, such as architecture, artifacts (including ceramics and obsidian), burial and caching practices, and site configuration. Comparing all of these categories at the two sites, one reaches two conclusions: there are multiple lines of evidence for change in the material record across the spectrum of categories at Chichén Itzá, and, to a lesser extent, at Tula, Hidalgo, indicating a population intrusion. And, secondly, there are abundant similarities in architecture, caching practices, ceramics, and other aspects of the material record that support the assertion of strong contacts between the two sites. Applying the model of elite dominance migration to Chichén Itzá, the majority of the markers for this type of migration can be seen in the material record of the site, as well as the site of Tula, Hidalgo. Chichén Itzá has the attributes of a receiving population, with an elite dominance migration of Central Mexican people taking place there, either from Tula, Hidalgo or from a third, as yet unspecified site that impacted both Chichén Itzá and Tula

Reducing Errors Through Implementation of Standardized Electronic Order sets in the Intensive Care setting

Healthcare facilities are constantly chasing through striving to meet interoperability and meaningful use requirements while still advancing the field through the concepts of evidence-based practice and value-based delivery modules. Healthcare facilities can encourage the healthcare team by utilizing computerized physician order entry using standardized ordersets. An orderset is a series of recommended orders based on different diagnoses, conditions, or treatments. It was noted that several errors and delays of care were occurring related to the paper process at a small Midwestern hospital. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to convert the remaining paper ordersets to electronic ordersets in the form of powerplans. After an extensive literature review was created, an interdisciplinary team was created to review the current paper ordersets, update and make changes as necessary and then build electronically. An orderset and protocol committee was the final approval process for the electronic validation before going live. Along with this project, the medical staff was re-educated on the use and intention of powerplans. Ultimately three paper ordersets were converted from paper to electronic. Two were placed on hold due to staffing and resourcing, and the Induced Hypothermia orderset was discontinued as it was found this is no longer a best practice treatment. Unusual occurrences were reviewed pre and post-implementation and found that delays of care, absence of orders, and errors were reduced when the paper was eliminated

Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in the ICU

A pressure ulcer is defined by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel as an injury to the skin usually localized over a bony prominence caused by sustained pressure at the site. Pressure ulcers are a widespread problem throughout hospitals, especially on intensive care units (ICU) where there is an increased acuity of the patient population. Their occurrence can result in many problems, including an increased financial burden to the hospital and an increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this project is to educate the staff on the ICU at St. Vincent’s Medical Center, a 473-bed hospital in Bridgeport, Connecticut, about preventative measures to be taken to reduce the occurrence of pressure ulcers. By using evidenced based research, the causes of pressure ulcers and interventions to prevent their occurrence were investigated. An informational pamphlet was created depicting pressure ulcer prevention methods with the goal of reducing or eliminating the incidence of pressure ulcers on the ICU at St. Vincent’s Medical Center. The anticipated outcome of this educational tool will be measured by comparing data pre- and post-implementation of the educational pamphlet at St. Vincent’s Medical Center regarding the incidence of pressure ulcers

Young children’s food brand knowledge. Early development and associations with television viewing and parent’s diet

Brand knowledge is a prerequisite of children’s requests and choices for branded foods. We explored the development of young children’s brand knowledge of foods highly advertised on television – both healthy and less healthy. Participants were 172 children aged 3–5 years in diverse socio-economic settings, from two jurisdictions on the island of Ireland with different regulatory environments. Results indicated that food brand knowledge (i) did not differ across jurisdictions; (ii) increased significantly between 3 and 4 years; and (iii) children had significantly greater knowledge of unhealthy food brands, compared with similarly advertised healthy brands. In addition, (iv) children’s healthy food brand knowledge was not related to their television viewing, their mother’s education, or parent or child eating. However, (v) unhealthy brand knowledge was significantly related to all these factors, although only parent eating and children’s age were independent predictors. Findings indicate that effects of food marketing for un- healthy foods take place through routes other than television advertising alone, and are present before pre-schoolers develop the concept of healthy eating. Implications are that marketing restrictions of un- healthy foods should extend beyond television advertising; and that family-focused obesity prevention programmes should begin before children are 3 years of age

America\u27s Pastime Under the Fog of War: A Study of the Impact of World War II on Major League Baseball\u27s Finest

World War II was a crucial point in world history and many men could not escape the desire to fight and defend their country. One subsection of men that fought in the war is the many men that competed in Major League Baseball and its affiliate leagues, the minors and the Negro League. Players that served in the war lost valuable time in their playing careers, despite this many would eventually enter the National Baseball Hall of Fame. The case study specifically looked at the careers of Warren Spahn, Yogi Berra, Joe DiMaggio, and Ted Williams. This research sought to deepen the understanding of baseball during World War II and shed light onto the oftentimes unknown stories of these baseball legends. Each of these four players had promising careers and were inducted into the Hall of Fame despite missing several seasons to military service