1,484 research outputs found
Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups in bubble columns and packed bubble columns at elevated pressures
Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups have been determined at pressures up to 1.85 MPa in a bubble column with a diameter of 85.5 mm and for superficial gas velocities between 1 and 10 cm s−1. In some experiments the bubble column was packed with glass cylinders of length 5.0 mm and diameter 4.0 mm. The interfacial areas were determined by the chemical method using the model reaction between CO2 and aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) and hold-ups by observation of height differences.\ud
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The interfacial areas in the packed bubble column are unaffected by pressure. The gas hold-ups as well as the interfacial areas in the bubble column increase with increasing operating pressure. The magnitude of the pressure influence depends on the superficial gas velocity. The positive influence of pressure on the gas hold-ups and the interfacial in the bubble column originates from the formation of smaller bubbles at the gas distributor
Quality systems in Dutch health care institutions
The implementation of quality systems in Dutch health care was supervised by a national committee during 1990-1995. To monitor the progress of implementation a large survey was conducted in the beginning of 1995. The survey enclosed all subsectors in health care. A postal questionnaire-derived from the European Quality Award-was sent to 1594 health care institutions; the response was 74%. The results showed that in 13% of the institutions a coherent quality system had been implemented. These institutions reported, among other effects, an increase in staff effort and job satisfaction despite the increased workload; 59% of the institutions had implemented parts of a quality system. It appeared that
management pay more attention to human resource management compared to documentation of the quality system. The medical staff pay relatively more attention to protocol development than to quality-assurance procedures. Patients were hardly involved in these quality activities. The research has
shown that it is possible to monitor the progress of implementation of quality systems on a national level in all subsectors of health care. The results play an important role in the discussions and policy on quality
assurance in health care. (aut.ref.
Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Patients
We describe in a multicenter study the feasibility and effectiveness of an
accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule compared to the standard
regimen in HIV-infected patients. The results show that the compliance
with an accelerated schedule is significantly better, although its
efficacy is only non-inferior in patients with a CD4+ cell-count >500
cells/mm3. In all HIV-infected patients a better response rate is provided
in patients on HAART with undetectable HIV-RNA load, longer duration of
HAART use, female gender and younger age.
Around 50% of our HIV-infected cohort responded on initial HBV
vaccination. In an attempt to achieve a higher response rate we
prospectively revaccinated all non-responders three times at monthly
intervals with double dose HBV vaccine. An additional 51% responded in the
revaccination series. This response was more likely in patients younger
than 40 years of age, irrespective of viral load, while in patients older
than 40 years an undetectable HIV-RNA load is associated with a better
response rate.
We studied the possible relationship between HBV and influenza vaccination
in HIV-infected patients. A trend for higher geometric mean titers, both
in pre- and post- influenza immunization was found in HBV vaccination
responders.
We also retrospectively investigated the long-term efficacy of tenofovir
administered as a part of antiretroviral therapy in a large cohort of
HIV/HBV co-infected patients. It is shown that after five years of
follow-up, approximately 90% of patients achieved undetectable HBV-DNA
load. There was no significant difference between patients with or without
lamivudine resistance at baseline. Furthermore, no confirmed genotypic
substitutions in the HBV polymerase gene associated with decreased
sensitivity to tenofovir have been identified in our cohort
Spectroscopic Transit Search: a self-calibrating method for detecting planets around bright stars
We search for transiting exoplanets around the star Pictoris using
high resolution spectroscopy and Doppler imaging that removes the need for
standard star observations. These data were obtained on the VLT with UVES
during the course of an observing campaign throughout 2017 that monitored the
Hill sphere transit of the exoplanet Pictoris b. We utilize line
profile tomography as a method for the discovery of transiting exoplanets. By
measuring the exoplanet distortion of the stellar line profile, we remove the
need for reference star measurements. We demonstrate the method with white
noise simulations, and then look at the case of Pictoris, which is a
Scuti pulsator. We describe a method to remove the stellar pulsations
and perform a search for any transiting exoplanets in the resultant data set.
We inject fake planet transits with varying orbital periods and planet radii
into the spectra and determine the recovery fraction. In the photon noise
limited case we can recover planets down to a Neptune radius with an 80%
success rate, using an 8 m telescope with a spectrograph and 20
minutes of observations per night. The pulsations of Pictoris limit our
sensitivity to Jupiter-sized planets, but a pulsation removal algorithm
improves this limit to Saturn-sized planets. We present two planet candidates,
but argue that their signals are most likely caused by other phenomena. We have
demonstrated a method for searching for transiting exoplanets that (i) does not
require ancillary calibration observations, (ii) can work on any star whose
rotational broadening can be resolved with a high spectral dispersion
spectrograph and (iii) provides the lowest limits so far on the radii of
transiting Jupiter-sized exoplanets around Pictoris with orbital
periods from 15 days to 200 days with >50% coverage.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 8 pages, 8 figures. The Github
repository can be found at
https://github.com/lennartvansluijs/Spectroscopic-Transit-Searc
Evaluation of coagulation activation after Rhinovirus infection in patients with asthma and healthy control subjects: an observational study
Background Asthma exacerbations are frequently triggered by rhinovirus infections. Both asthma and respiratory tract infection can activate haemostasis. Therefore we hypothesized that experimental rhinovirus-16 infection and asthmatic airway inflammation act in synergy on the haemostatic balance. Methods 28 patients (14 patients with mild allergic asthma and 14 healthy non-allergic controls) were infected with low-dose rhinovirus type 16. Venous plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid) were obtained before and 6 days after infection to evaluate markers of coagulation activation, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, von Willebrand factor, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, endogenous thrombin potential and tissue factor-exposing microparticles by fibrin generation test, in plasma and/or BAL fluid. Data were analysed by nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation). Results 13 patients with mild asthma (6 females, 19-29 y) and 11 healthy controls (10 females, 19-31 y) had a documented Rhinovirus-16 infection. Rhinovirus-16 challenge resulted in a shortening of the fibrin generation test in BAL fluid of asthma patients (t = -1: 706 s vs. t = 6: 498 s; p = 0.02), but not of controls (t = -1: 693 s vs. t = 6: 636 s; p = 0.65). The fold change in tissue factor-exposing microparticles in BAL fluid inversely correlated with the fold changes in eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase in BAL fluid after virus infection (r = -0.517 and -0.528 resp., both p = 0.01). Rhinovirus-16 challenge led to increased plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 levels in plasma in patients with asthma (26.0 ng/mL vs. 11.5 ng/mL in healthy controls, p = 0.04). Rhinovirus-16 load in BAL showed a linear correlation with the fold change in endogenous thrombin potential, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1. Conclusions Experimental rhinovirus infection induces procoagulant changes in the airways of patients with asthma through increased activity of tissue factor-exposing microparticles. These microparticle-associated procoagulant changes are associated with both neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. Systemic activation of haemostasis increases with Rhinoviral load
Physiological control on carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton
One of the great challenges in biogeochemical research over the past half a century has been to quantify and understand the mechanisms underlying stable carbon isotope fractionation (ϵp) in phytoplankton in response to changing CO2 concentrations. This interest is partly grounded in the use of fossil photosynthetic organism remains as a proxy for past atmospheric CO2 levels. Phytoplankton organic carbon is depleted in 13C compared to its source because of kinetic fractionation by the enzyme RubisCO during photosynthetic carbon fixation, as well as through physiological pathways upstream of RubisCO. Moreover, other factors such as nutrient limitation, variations in light regime as well as phytoplankton culturing systems and inorganic carbon manipulation approaches may confound the influence of aquatic CO2 concentrations [CO2] on ϵp. Here, based on experimental data compiled from the literature, we assess which underlying physiological processes cause the observed differences in ϵp for various phytoplankton groups in response to C-demand/C-supply, i.e., particulate organic carbon (POC) production / [CO2]) and test potential confounding factors. Culturing approaches and methods of carbonate chemistry manipulation were found to best explain the differences in ϵp between studies, although day length was an important predictor for ϵp in haptophytes. Extrapolating results from culturing experiments to natural environments and for proxy applications therefore require caution, and it should be carefully considered whether culture methods and experimental conditions are representative of natural environments
The demographic causes of population change vary across four decades in a long-lived shorebird
Understanding which factors cause populations to decline begins with identifying which parts of the life cycle, and which vital rates, have changed over time. However, in a world where humans are altering the environment both rapidly and in different ways, the demographic causes of decline likely vary over time. Identifying temporal variation in demographic causes of decline is crucial to assure that conservation actions target current and not past threats. However, this has rarely been studied as it requires long time series. Here we investigate how the demography of a long-lived shorebird (the Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus) has changed in the past four decades, resulting in a shift from stable dynamics to strong declines (−9% per year), and recently back to a modest decline. Since individuals of this species are likely to respond differently to environmental change, we captured individual heterogeneity through three state variables: age, breeding status, and lay date (using integral projection models). Timing of egg-laying explained significant levels of variation in reproduction, with a parabolic relationship of maximal productivity near the average lay date. Reproduction explained most variation in population growth rates, largely due to poor nest success and hatchling survival. However, the demographic causes of decline have also been in flux over the last three decades: hatchling survival was low in the 2000s but improved in the 2010s, while adult survival declined in the 2000s and remains low today. Overall, the joint action of several key demographic variables explain the decline of the oystercatcher, and improvements in a single vital rate cannot halt the decline. Conservations actions will thus need to address threats occurring at different stages of the oystercatcher's life cycle. The dynamic nature of the threat landscape is further supported by the finding that the average individual no longer has the highest performance in the population, and emphasizes how individual heterogeneity in vital rates can play an important role in modulating population growth rates. Our results indicate that understanding population decline in the current era requires disentangling demographic mechanisms, individual variability, and their changes over time
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