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Removal Efficiency of Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Calcined Waste of Eggshells as Eco-friendly Adsorbent: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

This research investigates the removal of textile dyes (Rhodamine B and Alizarin Red S) from aqueous solution by a low-cost adsorbent prepared from eggshell waste. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted in order to determine the effect of different parameters such as pH, dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, particle size, and temperature. The best correlation was found by Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 175.58 mg g–1 for Rhodamine B and 156.56 mg g–1 for Alizarin Red S. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of Rhodamine B and Alizarin Red S were feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. Regeneration study conducted to test the reusability (five cycles) and comparison of adsorption capacities of Rhodamine B and Alizarin Red S showed that calcined eggshell adsorbent could potentially be used for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Evaluation of the Radiation-Protective Properties of Bi (Pb)–Sr–Ca–Cu–O Ceramic Prepared at Different Temperatures with Silver Inclusion

The influences of the sintering process and AgNO3 addition on the phase formation and radiation shielding characteristics of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 were studied. Three ceramics (code: C0, C1, and C2) were prepared as follows: C0 was obtained after calcination and only one sintering step, C1 was obtained after calcination and two sintering cycles, and C2 was prepared after the addition of AgNO3 at the beginning of the final sintering stage. C2 displayed the maximum volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase (76.4 vol%), the greatest crystallite size, and high density. The linear mass attenuation coefficient (µ) has been simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The µ values are high at 15 keV (257.2 cm−1 for C0, 417.57 cm−1 for C1, and 421.16 cm−1 for C2), and these values dropped and became 72.58, 117.83 and 133.19 cm−1 at 30 keV. The µ value for the ceramics after sintering is much higher than the ceramic before sintering. In addition, the µ value for C2 is higher than that of C1, suggesting that the AgNO3 improves the radiation attenuation performance for the fabricated ceramics. It was demonstrated that the sintering and AgNO3 addition have a considerable influence on the ceramic thickness required to attenuate the radiation. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (PNURSP2022R2), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Role of vanadium ions substitution on spinel MnCo2O4 towards enhanced electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Improving efficient electrocatalysts (ECs) for hydrogen generation through water splitting is of significant interest in tackling the upcoming energy crisis. Sustainable hydrogen generation is the primary prerequisite to realizing the future hydrogen economy. This work examines the electrocatalytic activity of hydrothermally prepared vanadium doped MnCo spinel oxide microspheres (MC), MnVxCo2−xO4 (Vx-MnCo MC, where x ≤ 0.4) in the HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) process. Magnetization measurements demonstrated a paramagnetic (at high temperatures) to a ferrimagnetic (at low temperatures) transition below the Curie temperature (Tc) in all the samples. The magnetization is found to intensify with the rising vanadium content of MCs. The optimized catalyst Vx-MnCo MCs (x = 0.3) outperformed other prepared ECs with a Tafel slope of 84 mV/dec, a low onset potential of 78.9 mV, and a low overpotential of 85.9 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, respectively. The significantly improved HER performance of hydrothermally synthesized Vx-MnCo MCs (x = 0.3) is principally attributable to many exposed active sites, accelerated electron transport at the EC/electrolyte interface, and remarkable electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ECSA) value was found ~ 11.4 cm2. Moreover, the Vx-MnCo MCs (x = 0.3) electrode exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic stability after exposure to 1000 cyclic voltametric cycles and 36 h of chronoamperometric testing. Our results suggest a feasible route for developing earth-abundant transition metal oxide-based EC as a superior electrode for future water electrolysis applications.British CouncilKACARE Fellowshi

African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives To develop recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A task force comprising of 25 rheumatologists from the 5 regions of the continent was formed and operated through a hub-and-spoke model with a central working committee (CWC) and 4 subgroups. The subgroups championed separate scopes of the clinical questions and formulated preliminary statements of recommendations which were processed centrally in the CWC. The CWC and each subgroup met by several virtual meetings, and two rounds of voting were conducted on the drafted statements of recommendations. Votes were online-delivered and recommendations were pruned down according to predefined criteria. Each statement was rated between 1 and 9 with 1–3, 4–6 and 7–9 representing disagreement, uncertainty and agreement, respectively. The levels of agreement on the statements were stratified as low, moderate or high according to the spread of votes. A statement was retired if it had a mean vote below 7 or a ‘low’ level of agreement. Results A total of 126 initial statements of recommendations were drafted, and these were reduced to 22 after the two rounds of voting. Conclusions The preliminary statements of recommendations will serve to guide the clinical practice of rheumatology across Africa amidst the changing practices and uncertainties in the current era of COVID-19. It is recognized that further updates to the recommendations will be needed as more evidence emerges

Magnetic and microwave properties of SrFe12O19/MCe0.04Fe1.96O4 (M = Cu, Ni, Mn, Co and Zn) hard/soft nanocomposites

This paper reports the synthesis, structural characteristics and magnetism of SrFe12O19/MCe0.04Fe1.96O4 (M = Cu, Ni, Mn, Co and Zn) hard/soft nanocomposites. The hard/soft compositions were manufactured via a one-pot reactions citrate sol-gel approach. The hard/soft phases formation was confirmed using XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM techniques. M vs. H (Magnetization measurements) were done at unbent temperature and 10 K. Smoothed M against H loops and single peaks in dM/dH vs. H curves were noticed in SrFe12O19/MnCe0.04Fe1.96O4, SrFe12O19/CuCe0.04Fe1.96O4 and SrFe12O19/ZnCe0.04Fe1.96O4 hard/soft nanocomposites. This indicated the manifestation of well exchange-coupled effect among hard and soft phases in these composites. However, SrFe12O19/CoCe0.04Fe1.96O4 and SrFe12O19/NiCe0.04Fe1.96O4 hard/soft nanocomposites showed non-well smoothed M against H loops and two peaks in dM/dH versus H plots, indicating that the dipolar interactions are unimportant compared to exchange-coupling behavior. Among all prepared nanocomposites, the SrFe12O19/MnCe0.04Fe1.96O4 hard/soft nanocomposite showed the highest exchange-coupling behavior. Microwave properties of the SrFe12O19/MCe0.04Fe1.96O4 (M = Cu, Ni, Mn, Co and Zn) hard/soft nanocomposites were investigated using coaxial method with applied frequency values fall between 2 and 18 GHz. Reflection losses were calculated from frequency dependences of the imaginary and real parts of permeability and permittivity. The correlation between the chemical composition of the spinel phase (A-cation) and microwave properties of composites. Most intensive electromagnetic absorption was observed for Ni- and Mn-spinels. This is can be a result of the differences in electron shell configuration and radii for A-site ions in the spinel phase. Change of the absorption mechanisms (transition from ionic polarization to dipole polarization) was observed. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (agreement number 19-72-10071 ). Also Authors are thank to the Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (Projects Application No. 2018-IRMC-S-2 ) of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU – Saudi Arabia) for financial and technical supports

Alterations in the magnetic and electrodynamic properties of hard-soft Sr0.5Ba0.5Eu0.01Fe12O19/NixCuyZnwFe2O4 nanocomposites

Hard/soft (H/S) Sr0.5Ba0.5Eu0.01Fe12O19/NixCuyZnwFe2O4 nanocomposites (NCs) were produced via a one-pot sol–gel auto-combustion procedure. Phase and surface analyses were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Magnetization measurements for H/S NCs with different x, y, and w ratios were investigated at two different temperatures (300 and 10 K). The M−H curves were not smooth for the different H/S NCs, revealing that the exchange interaction was incomplete. The derivative of the magnetization (dM/dH versus H) exhibited two separate peaks, confirming the non-coupled H/S mixtures. Maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) values of 93.9 and 63.1 emu/g were obtained at 10 and 300 K, respectively, for the H/S Sr0.5Ba0.5Eu0.01Fe11.99O19/Ni0.3Cu0.3Zn0.4Fe2O4 NC, which contained the highest content of Zn and the same contents of Ni and Cu within the soft magnetic phase. The calculated squareness ratios (SQR = Mr/Ms) were less than 0.5, indicating incomplete exchange coupling. The coercive field (Hc) of the produced NCs reached a maximum value of approximately 2485 Oe at 300 K and 2331 Oe at 10 K with a decrease in the Ms values to 56.9 emu/g at 300 K and 78.5 emu/g at 10 K for the H/S Sr0.5Ba0.5Eu0.01Fe11.99O19/Ni0.8Cu0.1Zn0.1Fe2O4 NC, which contained lower fractions of Zn and Cu and the highest fraction of Ni. The reflection/transmission-based waveguide approach was employed to investigate the electrodynamic properties of the H/S NC samples within a frequency band of 7–18 GHz. The reflection and transmission coefficients (S11/S21) were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) for the sample placed inside a waveguide. The frequency dispersions of the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity were calculated. © 2021 The Author(s)2020-164-IRMC; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 21-79-10115This study was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Dammam, Saudi Arabia) through Grant No. 2020-164-IRMC . The authors also acknowledge support from the Center for Communication Systems and Sensing at KFUPM . Electromagnetic measurements and analysis were partially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Agreement No. 21-79-10115)