Onomastyczna analiza dyskursu

The article is a synthetic discussion of the discourse analysis method from the onomastic perspective. In our opinion, proper names are not merely linguistic signs - they are also social constructs, often highly politicised, forming various textual and discursive relations. Names understood in that way are often crucial to (re)constructing  social reality. Thanks to the methodological orientation used, names can be a good tool for identification, discovery and interpretation of important aspects of discourse. In our opinion, the use of particular names is not random, but it helps us discover objects vital for the analysis of axiology and ideology of discourse. The method we propose should provide tools used in analyses of all onymic spheres (name categories). The text also highlights the theoretical framework of the method and a proposal of a research procedure in onomastic disourse analysis (ODA) is shown. Moreover, examples of analysis domain are indicated: discourse types and name categories related to them.Celem artykułu jest syntetyczne omówienie metody analizy dyskursu w perspektywie onomastycznej. W naszym ujęciu nazwy własne to nie tylko znaki językowe – to również konstrukty społeczne, często silnie zideologizowane, wchodzące w rozliczne relacje tekstowe i dyskursywne. Nazwy tak pojmowane odgrywają często kluczową rolę w (re)konstruowaniu rzeczywistości społecznej. Dzięki takiej orientacji metodologicznej mogą one stanowić dobre narzędzie do identyfikacji, ujawnienia i interpretacji kluczowych aspektów dyskursu. Użycie nazw – takich a nie innych – nie jest w naszym rozumieniu przypadkowe, ale odsłania ważne dla aksjologii i ideologii danego dyskursu obiekty. Proponowana przez nas metodologia powinna zapewnić instrumentarium służące do analiz wszystkich sfer onimicznych (kategorii nazewniczych). W tekście naszkicowane jest teoretyczne tło metody, a także pokazana propozycja postępowania badawczego w ramach onomastycznej analizy dyskursu (OAD). Wskazane zostały również przykładowe domeny analiz: typy dyskursów i przyporządkowane im kategorie nazewnicze

Udział Polek w przedwojennym językoznawstwie – rekonesans badawczy

The article is a partial presentation of women who helped shape the Polish linguistics before 1939. The author analyses their contribution in the Polish Linguistic Society and their influence on the development of the “Poradnik Językowy”, an important journal of that period. The article is an overview: the author also describes the possible theoretical framework of the future “her-story” of Polish linguistics.Tekst jest fragmentarycznym przedstawieniem sylwetek kobiecych, które współkształtowały polską lingwistykę przed 1939 rokiem. Autorka analizuje udział kobiet w Polskim Towarzystwie Językoznawczym i ich wkład w rozwój „Poradnika Językowego”, znaczącego czasopisma tego okresu. Artykuł ma charakter rekonesansowy – opisano możliwe ramy teoretyczne przyszłej herstorii polskiej lingwistyki

Level of knowledge of prevention of blood-borne infectious diseases among Master’s degree students of nursing

Introduction. Blood-borne infections are a serious problem among medical staff, especially nursing staff, because nurses have the most frequent contact with patients. As future employees of health care, students of nursing are exposed to a number of hazardous factors. Work with patients of unknown serological status (during practical classes and apprenticeships) is associated with the risk of infection with various pathogens.   Objective. The aim of the study was recognition of the level of knowledge concerning prevention of blood-borne infectious diseases among Master’s degree students of nursing. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the second half of 2022 among 104 Master’s degree students of nursing, who were educated at the Radom School in Radom, by the method of a diagnostic survey, using an author-constructed questionnaire. Results. The majority of the examined students (96.2%) knew what diseases are transmitted through blood. More than a half of respondents (63.5%) evaluated their level of knowledge about blood-borne diseases as mediocre, and 19.2% - as low. A part of respondents (67.3%) had knowledge that trace amounts of blood are enough to cause infection with blood-borne diseases. All students in the study knew the main methods of prevention of infections transmitted via blood, and the deficit of knowledge concerned proper use of personal protection equipment (5.8%) and the observance of the procedure to be followed in the event of occupational exposure (3.8%). A large group of respondents (82.7%-100.0%) knew various risk factors of infection with blood-borne diseases. The majority of respondents (88.5%) knew that there is an effective vaccine against hepatitis B, but 43.3% of the students in the study did not know the main symptoms of infection with HBV. Students most often knew (90.4%) how to diagnose infection with HCV – anti-HCV test for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in blood; however, 26.9% of respondents were not aware that there is no vaccine against hepatitis C. The majority of the examined students (84.7%) knew early symptoms of infection with HIV, while the remainder had a deficit of knowledge in this area. A large group of respondents (82.0%-94.0%) knew various risk factors of infection with HIV. Conclusions. Students of nursing should be motivated to expand their knowledge concerning prevention of blood-borne diseases, observance of the principles of personal protection, prevention of occupational exposure, and proper post-exposure prophylaxis

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pilgrimages of Konya Province inhabitants

The article concerns the characteristics and assessment of the Mecca pilgrimage trends among the inhabitants of Konya Province (Türkiye) in 2017–2021, i.e. before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the pandemic on: (a) the tourism of the provincial inhabitants to Mecca, (b) the activities of local religious tourism operators, and (c) the sense of psychological discomfort in those who could not participate in a pilgrimage. The study concerned the inhabitants of Konya Province due to the deeply rooted conservatism and high religiosity distinguishing this society.The study was conducted through the methods of investigating sources, expert interview and diagnostic survey. The interviews were conducted at selected Konya travel agencies that organise pilgrimages and at the Konya Valiligi Mudurlugu il Muftulugu. In addition, using an online survey questionnaire, inhabitants of the province were asked if and how their level of psychological comfort was affected by not being able to make the pilgrimage to Mecca during the pandemic.The results showed that the pandemic significantly weakened the previously growing trend of pilgrimages to Islamic holy sites in the analysed community. It also elicited changes in the offers of local tour operators who were forced to open other destinations. To a lesser extent, it affected the feeling of discomfort of provincial inhabitants resulting from the lack of opportunity to make such trips

Assessment of background noise properties in time and time-frequency domains in the context of vibration-based local damage detection in real environment

Any measurement in condition monitoring applications is associated with disturbing noise. Till now, most of the diagnostic procedures have assumed the Gaussian distribution for the noise. This paper shares a novel perspective to the problem of local damage detection. The acquired vector of observations is considered as an additive mixture of signal of interest (SOI) and noise with strongly non-Gaussian, heavy-tailed properties, that masks the SOI. The distribution properties of the background noise influence the selection of tools used for the signal analysis, particularly for local damage detection. Thus, it is extremely important to recognize and identify possible non-Gaussian behavior of the noise. The problem considered here is more general than the classical goodness-of-fit testing. The paper highlights the important role of variance, as most of the methods for signal analysis are based on the assumption of the finite-variance distribution of the underlying signal. The finite variance assumption is crucial but implicit to most indicators used in condition monitoring, (such as the root-mean-square value, the power spectral density, the kurtosis, the spectral correlation, etc.), in view that infinite variance implies moments higher than 2 are also infinite. The problem is demonstrated based on three popular types of non-Gaussian distributions observed for real vibration signals. We demonstrate how the properties of noise distribution in the time domain may change by its transformations to the time-frequency domain (spectrogram). Additionally, we propose a procedure to check the presence of the infinite-variance of the background noise. Our investigations are illustrated using simulation studies and real vibration signals from various machines

The problem of medical dispatchers' responsibility functioning in the emergency medical services system

Aim of the study : Deaths due to inappropriate functioning of the emergency medical services system, as recently described by Polish mass media, has drawn the attention of society to the activities of medical dispatchers. Legal regulations impose obligations on those persons associated with receiving phone calls and dispensing appropriate emergency medical teams. In this paper an analysis of chosen medicolegal opinions from the practice of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, towards malpractices committed by dispatchers of EMS, was performed. Material and methods: The authors analysed 12 of medicolegal opinions, issued from 2007 to 2012 by a team of experts. Results : The errors noted in the work of dispatchers consisted of delays in giving appropriate assistance due to the inability to properly converse, a propensity to downplay patients’ symptoms, and dispatchers crossing their own competences. Conclusions : The problem may be resolved by the subsidy of EMS, fine-tuning the algorithms for conduct, and proper education of both staff and public

Treatment of severe primary IGF-1 deficiency using rhIGF-1 preparation — first three years of Polish experience

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of the first three years of treatment with recombinant human insulinlike growth factor 1 (rhIGF-1) in patients from the Polish population. Material and methods: Twenty-seven children (22 boys and five girls) aged 2.8 to 16.0 years old were qualified for treatment with rhIGF-1 (mecasermin) in different treatment centres, according to Polish criteria: body height below –3.0 SD and IGF-1 concentration below percentile 2.5 with normal growth hormone (GH) levels. Mecasermin initial dose was 40 μg/kg bw twice a day and was subsequently increased to an average of 100 μg/kg bw twice a day. Body height, height velocity, weight, body mass index (BMI), and adverse events were measured. Results: Mecasermin treatment resulted in a statistically significant increase in body height (1.45 ± 1.06 SD; p < 0.01) and height velocity in comparison with pre-treatment values. The biggest change in height velocity happened during the first year and diminished during subsequent years. Body weight and BMI also increased significantly after treatment (1.16 ± 0.76 SD and 0.86 ± 0.75 SD, respectively; p < 0.01). Eight patients reported adverse events. These were mild and temporary and did not require treatment modification except in two patients. Conclusions: Treatment with rhIGF-1 was effective and safe in Polish patients with primary IGF-1 deficiency. It had a clear beneficial effect on the height of the patients and significantly accelerated the height velocity, particularly in the first year of treatment