Role of the mean curvature in the geometry of magnetic confinement configurations

Examples are presented of how the geometric notion of the mean curvature is used for general magnetic field configurations and magnetic surfaces. It is shown that the mean magnetic curvature is related to the variation of the absolute value of the magnetic field along its lines. Magnetic surfaces of constant mean curvature are optimum for plasma confinement in multimirror open confinement systems and rippled tori.Comment: PDFLaTeX, 10 pages, 5 figure

Cost-efficient performance-vesting equity

We analyze the incentive effects of the Performance-Vesting Equity (PVE) component of executive pay that is characterized by zero exercise price and performance-contingent vesting. We demonstrate how PVE with upward-sloping convex/concave vesting curves can be a more efficient risk-sharing and incentive alignment device than strictly convex stock options