The Algorithm for Reversible Circuits Synthesis

In this paper the new synthesis method for reversible networks is proposed. The method is suitable to generate optimal circuits. The examples will be shown for three variables reversible functions but the method is scalable to larger number of variables. The algorithm could be easily implemented with high speed execution and without big consuming storage software. Section 1 contains general concepts about the reversible functions. In Section 2 there are presented various descriptions of reversible functions. One of them is the description using partitions. In Section 3 there are introduced the cascade of the reversible gates as the target of the synthesis algorithm. In order to achieve this target the definitions of the rest and remain functions will be helpful. Section 4 contains the proposed algorithm. There is introduced a classification of minterms distribution for a given function. To select the successive gates in the cascade the condition of the improvement the minterms distribution must be fulfilled. Section 4 describes the algorithm how to improve the minterms distributions in order to find the optimal cascade. Section 5 shows the one example of this algorithm

The Transforming Method Between Two Reversible Functions

This paper presents an original method of designing some special reversible circuits. This method is intended for the most popular gate set with three types of gates CNT (Control, NOT and Toffoli). The presented algorithm is based on two types of cascades with these reversible gates. The problem of transformation between two reversible functions is solved. This method allows to find optimal reversible circuits. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 and 2 recalls basic concepts of reversible logic. Especially the two types of cascades of reversible function are presented. In Section 3 there is introduced a problem of analysis of the cascades. Section 4 describes the method of synthesis of the optimal cascade for transformation of the given reversible function into another one

Zmiany w sposobie leczenia operacyjnego wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu u kobiet – obserwacje ostatnich dwudziestu dwóch lat

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the changing trends in surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence (UI). Material and methods: Medical records of all women admitted to II Department of Gynecology from 1985 to 2006 were analyzed in order to find out how the female SUI treatment changed over these years. Results: During analyzed time 36819 patients were hospitalized in our Department and 77.6% (28568) of them were operated because of various indications. The number of SUI surgeries among all hospitalized women steadily rose from 1.93% in 1985 to 10.96% in 2006 reaching maximum in 2005 (13.73%). Clinical effectiveness of SUI surgeries markedly improved from 35% for anterior colporrhaphy to almost 90 % for suburethral slings. Conclusions: Introduction into clinical practice modern suburethral slings improved clinical efficacy of SUI treatment. The percentage of women admitted and treated surgically because of SUI steadily increased over the last years.Cel pracy: Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie retrospektywnej analizy metod operacyjnego leczenia wysiłkowego nietrzymania moczu (WNM) u kobiet na przestrzeni ostatnich dwudziestu dwóch lat. Materiał i metody: Dane do analizy pozyskano z archiwum medycznego II Kliniki Ginekologii i na ich podstawie przedstawiono zmiany w operacyjnym leczeniu WNM u kobiet od 1985 do 2006 roku. Wyniki: W analizowanym okresie, w II Klinice hospitalizowanych było 36819 kobiet, z czego 77,6% (28568) było operowanych z powodu różnych wskazań. Liczba pacjentek operowanych z powodu WNM stale rosła od 1,93% w 1985r. do 10,96% w 2006r. ze szczytem w 2005r. (13,73%). Również skuteczność zabiegów znacznie wzrosła z 35% w przypadku różnych modyfikacji plastyki przedniej ściany pochwy do niemal 90% przy zastosowaniu taśm podcewkowych. Wnioski: Wprowadzenie nowoczesnych, małoinwazyjnych taśm podcewkowych znacząco zwiększyło efektywność operacyjnego leczenia WNM. Wydaje się to być jedną z przyczyn stałego wzrostu liczby kobiet decydujących się na tą metodę leczenia tej dolegliwości

Zmiany ST−T o typie zespołu Brugadów po podaniu dowieńcowym acetylocholiny u młodego mężczyzny z bólami w klatce piersiowej

Chest pain is mainly linked with acute coronary syndrome, but sometimes it can be the only manifestation of ventricular tachycardia. We present a case of a young man who was diagnosed with Brugada syndrome after intracoronary acetylocholine injection, with negative test with flecanaide. First manifestation of a disease was a chest pain. Kardiol Pol 2012; 70, 1: 80–8

Microstructured optical fiber Bragg grating-based shear stress sensing in adhesive bonds

We present shear stress sensing with a Bragg grating sensor fabricated in a highly birefringent microstructured optical fiber. This sensor has a shear strain sensing resolution of 0.04 pm/mu epsilon when embedded in a shear loaded adhesive bond. We achieve discrete shear stress mapping in an adhesive bond by embedding a multitude of these sensors at different locations in the bond line. Experiments and numerical modeling show the limited influence of angular misalignment of the sensor on its shear stress response. Finally, we discuss the cross-sensitivity of this sensor to shear strain and temperature

Multicenter registry of Impella-assisted high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions and cardiogenic shock in Poland (IMPELLA-PL)

Background: Impella is a percutaneous mechanical circulatory support device for treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS) and high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (HR-PCIs). IMPELLA-PL is a national retrospective registry of Impella-treated CS and HR-PCI patients in 20 Polish interventional cardiological centers, conducted from January 2014 until December 2021.Aims: We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of Impella using real-world data from IMPELLA-PL and compare these with other registries.Methods: IMPELLA-PL data were analyzed to determine primary endpoints: in-hospital mortality and rates of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 12 months post-discharge.Results: Of 308 patients, 18% had CS and 82% underwent HR-PCI. In-hospital mortality rates were 76.4% and 8.3% in the CS and HR-PCI groups, respectively. The 12-month mortality rates were 80.0% and 18.2%, and post-discharge MACCE rates were 9.1% and 22.5%, respectively. Any access site bleeding occurred in 30.9% of CS patients and 14.6% of HR-PCI patients, limb ischemia in 12.7% and 2.4%, and hemolysis in 10.9% and 1.6%, respectively.Conclusions: Impella is safe and effective during HR-PCIs, in accordance with previous registry analyses. The risk profile and mortality in CS patients were higher than in other registries, and the potential benefits of Impella in CS require investigation

Using the DDA (Discrete Dipole Approximation) Method in Determining the Extinction Cross Section of Black Carbon

BC (Black Carbon), which can be found in the atmosphere, is characterized by a large value of the imaginary part of the complex refractive index and, therefore, might have an impact on the global warming effect. To study the interaction of BC with light often computer simulations are used. One of the methods, which are capable of performing light scattering simulations by any shape, is DDA (Discrete Dipole Approximation). In this work its accuracy was estimated in respect to BC structures using the latest stable version of the ADDA (vr. 1.2) algorithm. As the reference algorithm the GMM (Generalized Multiparticle Mie-Solution) code was used. The study shows that the number of volume elements (dipoles) is the main parameter that defines the quality of results. However, they can be improved by a proper polarizability expression. The most accurate, and least time consuming, simulations were observed for IGT_SO. When an aggregate consists of particles composed of ca. 750 volume elements (dipoles), the averaged relative extinction error should not exceed ca. 4.5%

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Matched Filter Interrogation of FBG Sensors with Large Side Lobes

This article presents the effect of fiber Bragg gratings side lobes on interrogation systems consisting of sensor and matched filters. The conducted research shows that high-value side lobe structures applied as sensors and/or filters are characterized by some interesting properties. The paper presents both numerical analysis and experimental verification of the fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) interrogation systems with matched filters for gratings containing high side lobes. Numerical modeling of Bragg structures was performed for two different cases: uniform and inverse apodization. Modification of apodization can change the side lobe reflectance level even above levels found in uniform structures. This is a case not described in the literature, especially in terms of possible applications. Transfer characteristics, i.e., the relationship between power intensity as a function of wavelength shift, were determined. A collection of gratings with spectra corresponding to those analyzed in numerical experiments were fabricated. Next, the transfer characteristics of the interrogation systems containing real FBG were determined. The properties of the proposed systems are described. It has been shown that a significant level of sidebands, which is often the subject of many drawbacks in filtering or telecommunications systems, can be an advantage. It has been demonstrated that a high level of side lobes can be used to increase the measurement range of the FBG sensor interrogation systems. It has been determined numerically and confirmed experimentally that from the point of view of the design of sensor interrogation systems, it is beneficial to combine specific pairs of gratings: one with a spectrum characterized by a low side lobe level and a second one in which the spectrum has very high side lobes

Heurystyczny Algorytm Syntezy Quasi-Optymalnych Układów Odwracalnych

In this paper a new method of reversible circuits synthesis is presented. The method is based on iterative ordering of bits in subsequent output columns of the truth table of a reversible function until the output part of the truth table becomes identical with the input part. The length of the estimated shortest sequence which would guarantee the proper orderof bits in all output columns is a criterion for choosing a ga­te at each step of the proposed algorithm. For over 80% of 3-variable reversible functions the algorithm generates optimal circuits.W artykule przedstawiono nową metodę syntezy układów odwracalnych. Polega ona na stopniowym porządkowaniu bitów w kolejnych kolumnach części wyjściowej tablicy prawdy odwracalnej funkcji boolowskiej, aż do momentu zrównania części wyjściowej tablicy z jej częścią wejściową. Długość szacunkowej sekwencji bramek, która uporządkowałaby bity we wszystkich kolumnach wyjściowych, stanowi kryterium wyboru bramki w każdym kroku iteracji proponowanego algorytmu. Dla ponad 80% funkcji odwracalnych trzech zmiennych algorytm ten generuje układy optymalne