Multimodal route planners in maritime environment

Rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) enables complete distribution of traveler information to end-users through the whole travel. European intelligent transportation system (ITS) architecture defines traveler information as specific functional area, and it comprises static and dynamic information about transport network condition, traveler information services and support for services which perform collection, storage and management of traffic data for planning transport activities. The purpose of this research is to define the concept of development of multimodal route planners in maritime environment which are based on optimal usage of traveler and traffic data. End-users should receive complete traveler information for the entire duration of travel. Majority of present projects and studies is focused on road traveler information and services, but multimodal route planners can be extended at maritime environment, which is the basis of this research

Multimodal route planners in maritime environment

Rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) enables complete distribution of traveler information to end-users through the whole travel. European intelligent transportation system (ITS) architecture defines traveler information as specific functional area, and it comprises static and dynamic information about transport network condition, traveler information services and support for services which perform collection, storage and management of traffic data for planning transport activities. The purpose of this research is to define the concept of development of multimodal route planners in maritime environment which are based on optimal usage of traveler and traffic data. End-users should receive complete traveler information for the entire duration of travel. Majority of present projects and studies is focused on road traveler information and services, but multimodal route planners can be extended at maritime environment, which is the basis of this research

12-plex highly polymorphic microsatellite marker set for parentage analysis in Banija spotted pigs

Microsatellites (MS) have been, for the last two decades, widely used for parentage analysis in all types of livestock, including pigs. Conservation efforts on Banija spotted pigs included genetic characterization of the breed with MS markers. Since recent comparison of pedigree and MS data revealed some inconsistencies, the aim of this study was to develop a set of highly polymorphic and heterozygous MS markers, which could be used for parentage analysis and to prevent pedigree errors. 12 MS markers with the polymorphic information content (PIC) above 0.62 were chosen and combined into a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The combined non-exclusion probability for one candidate parent (NE-1P) was 0.00246149, the combined NE-1P given the genotype of a known parent of the opposite sex (NE-2P) was 0.00003739 and combined non-exclusion probability for a candidate parent pair (NE-PP) was 0.00000003. Due to a high information content of selected MS markers it was possible to obtain high accuracy in parentage assignment, which was confirmed by analyzing actual data with known genetic relationship

Genetic diversity and population structure of six autochthonous pig breeds from Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia

Background: The importance of local breeds as genetic reservoirs of valuable genetic variation is well established. Pig breeding in Central and South-Eastern Europe has a long tradition that led to the formation of several local pig breeds. In the present study, genetic diversity parameters were analysed in six autochthonous pig breeds from Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia (Banija spotted, Black Slavonian, Turopolje pig, Swallow-bellied Mangalitsa, Moravka and Krskopolje pig). Animals from each of these breeds were genotyped using microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The results obtained with these two marker systems and those based on pedigree data were compared. In addition, we estimated inbreeding levels based on the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and identified genomic regions under selection pressure using ROH islands and the integrated haplotype score (iHS). Results: The lowest heterozygosity values calculated from microsatellite and SNP data were observed in the Turopolje pig. The observed heterozygosity was higher than the expected heterozygosity in the Black Slavonian, Moravka and Turopolje pig. Both types of markers allowed us to distinguish clusters of individuals belonging to each breed. The analysis of admixture between breeds revealed potential gene flow between the Mangalitsa and Moravka, and between the Mangalitsa and Black Slavonian, but no introgression events were detected in the Banija spotted and Turopolje pig. The distribution of ROH across the genome was not uniform. Analysis of the ROH islands identified genomic regions with an extremely high frequency of shared ROH within the Swallow-bellied Mangalitsa, which harboured genes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and daily weight gain. The iHS approach to detect signatures of selection revealed candidate regions containing genes with potential roles in reproduction traits and disease resistance. Conclusions: Based on the estimation of population parameters obtained from three data sets, we showed the existence of relationships among the six pig breeds analysed here. Analysis of the distribution of ROH allowed us to estimate the level of inbreeding and the extent of homozygous regions in these breeds. The iHS analysis revealed genomic regions potentially associated with phenotypic traits and allowed the detection of genomic regions under selection pressure

Genetic parameters for litter size in Black Slavonian pigs

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for litter size of Black Slavonian pigs using the repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models, and to consider the possibility to increase litter size in Black Slavonian pigs by selection. A total of 4,733 litter records from the first to the sixth parity from sows that farrowed between January 1998 and December 2010 were included in the analysis. Individual record consisted of the following variables: breeding organisation (eight regions), parity (1-6), service boar, and farrowing season (monthyear interaction). Estimation of all the covariance components with three different models was based on the residual maximum likelihood method. Estimate of additive genetic variance and heritability for number of piglets born alive with repeatability model was 0.23 and 0.10, respectively. Estimates of additive genetic variance with multiple trait and random regression model were in a wider range from 0.05 to 0.65 across parities, and heritabilities were estimated in the range between 0.03 and 0.26. Estimates of phenotypic and additive genetic correlations were much smoother with random regression model in comparison with multiple trait model. Due to unexpected changes of variances along trajectory obtained with multiple trait and random regression model, the best option for genetic evaluation of litter size for now could be the use of repeatability model. With increasing number of data with proper data structure alternative modelling of litter size of Black Slavonian pig using multiple trait and random regression model could be taken into consideratio

Materialien und Aufgaben zum mathematischen Modellieren für die 3. und 4. Klasse

Diese Bachelorarbeit wurde im Rahmen der Ausbildung an der Pädagogischen Hochschule St. Gallen erstellt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine produktorientierte Arbeit, die klären soll, welche Aufgaben und Materialien die Kinder einer dritten und vierten Klasse beim mathematischen Modellieren unterstützen können. Der schriftliche Teil dient als theoretischer Hintergrund und als Verknüpfung des Produkts mit der Theorie. Das Produkt umfasst sechs Modellierungsaufgaben für die dritte und vierte Klasse und eine Materialsammlung, welche die Schülerinnen und Schüler beim Lösen der Aufgaben unterstützt

Genetic parameters for litter size in Black Slavonian pigs

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for litter size of Black Slavonian pigs using the repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models, and to consider the possibility to increase litter size in Black Slavonian pigs by selection. A total of 4733 litter records from the first to the sixth parity from sows that farrowed between January 1998 and December 2010 were included in the analysis. Individual record consisted of the following variables: breeding organisation (eight regions), parity (1-6), service boar, and farrowing season (month-year interaction). Estimation of all the covariance components with three different models was based on the residual maximum likelihood method. Estimate of additive genetic variance and heritability for number of piglets born alive with repeatability model was 0.23 and 0.10, respectively. Estimates of additive genetic variance with multiple trait and random regression model were in a wider range from 0.05 to 0.65 across parities, and heritabilities were estimated in the range between 0.03 and 0.26. Estimates of phenotypic and additive genetic correlations were much smoother with random regression model in comparison with multiple trait model. Due to unexpected changes of variances along trajectory obtained with multiple trait and random regression model, the best option for genetic evaluation of litter size for now could be the use of repeatability model. With increasing number of data with proper data structure alternative modelling of litter size of Black Slavonian pig using multiple trait and random regression model could be taken into consideration

Targeting the somatosensory system with AAV9 and AAV2retro viral vectors.

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors allow for site-specific and time-dependent genetic manipulation of neurons. However, for successful implementation of AAV vectors, major consideration must be given to the selection of viral serotype and route of delivery for efficient gene transfer into the cell type being investigated. Here we compare the transduction pattern of neurons in the somatosensory system following injection of AAV9 or AAV2retro in the parabrachial complex of the midbrain, the spinal cord dorsal horn, the intrathecal space, and the colon. Transduction was evaluated based on Cre-dependent expression of tdTomato in transgenic reporter mice, following delivery of AAV9 or AAV2retro carrying identical constructs that drive the expression of Cre/GFP. The pattern of distribution of tdTomato expression indicated notable differences in the access of the two AAV serotypes to primary afferent neurons via peripheral delivery in the colon and to spinal projections neurons via intracranial delivery within the parabrachial complex. Additionally, our results highlight the superior sensitivity of detection of neuronal transduction based on reporter expression relative to expression of viral products