Polyelectrolyte substrate coating for controlling biofilm growth at solid–air interface

Because bacteria–surface interactions play a decisive role in bacteria adhesion and biofilm spreading, it is essential to understand how biofilms respond to surface properties to develop effective strategies to combat them. Polyelectrolyte coating is a simple and efficient way of controlling surface charge and energy. Using polyelectrolytes of various types, with different molecular weights and polyelectrolyte solutions of various pH provides a unique approach to investigate the interactions between biofilms and their substrate. Here, the formation of Escherichia coli biofilms at a solid–air interface is explored, whereby charge and interfacial energy are tuned using polyelectrolyte coatings on the surface. Cationic coatings are observed to limit biofilm spreading, which remain more confined when using high molecular weight polycations. Interestingly, biofilm surface densities are higher on polycationic surfaces despite their well-studied bactericidal properties. Furthermore, the degree of polyelectrolyte protonation also appears to have an influence on biofilm spreading on polycation-coated substrates. Finally, altering the interplay between biomass production and surface forces with polyelectrolyte coatings is shown to affect biofilm 3D architecture. Thereby, it is demonstrated that biofilm growth and spreading on a hydrogel substrate can be tuned from confined to expanded, simply by coating the surface using available polyelectrolytes

PROCESY KONTROLI KIEROWNICZEJ W POLSKICH PRZEDSIĘBIORSTWACH

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the organizational control systems. The paper starts with presenting the concept and nature of the managerial control and defining of  logic of  management control process, that allow to present and discuss results of research on management control processes in Polish enterprises.Poszukując sposobów zapewnienia wzrostu efektywności organizacje zmuszone są do podejmowania działań nakierowanych na ciągłe doskonalenie, których skuteczność uzależniona jest w dużej mierze od procesów kontroli działań, w tym przede wszystkim od kontroli kierowniczej. W opracowaniu, włączając się w dyskusję nad systemami kontroli, przedstawiono wyniki postępowania badawczego dotyczącego kształtu i efektywności procesów kontroli kierowniczej w polskich przedsiębiorstwach. Punktem wyjścia uczyniono zarysowanie istoty i natury kontroli kierowniczej oraz zdefiniowanie układu procesu kontroli kierowniczej co w dalszej części stało się podstawą do przedstawienia wyników badań nad procesami kontroli kierowniczej w polskich przedsiębiorstwach

Sprawność fizyczna osób w wieku emerytalnym z aglomeracji miejskiej = Fitness of retirement age with urban agglomeration

Ratkowski Wojciech, Grabowska-Skorb Paulina, Bzdawski Maciej, Napierała Marek, Pezala Małgorzata, Zukow Walery. Sprawność fizyczna osób w wieku emerytalnym z aglomeracji miejskiej = Fitness of retirement age with urban agglomeration. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):177-194. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16726http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A177-194https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/554168http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16726Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 20.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 05.04.2015. SPRAWNOŚĆ FIZYCZNA OSÓB W WIEKU EMERYTALNYM Z AGLOMERACJI MIEJSKIEJ FITNESS OF RETIREMENT AGE WITH URBAN AGGLOMERATION Wojciech Ratkowski1, Paulina Grabowska-Skorb1, Maciej Bzdawski1,Marek Napierała2, Małgorzata Pezala2, Walery Zukow2 1Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego I Sportu w Gdańsku2Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Słowa kluczowe: sprawność, ludzie starsi, miasto. Key words: efficiency, the elderly, the city. Streszczenie Celem badań było określenia poziomu sprawności osób w wieku emerytalnym. Do badań zakwalifikowano 109 osób aktywnych fizycznie i grupę kontrolną - 82 osoby  nie ćwiczący z Trójmiasta. Do oszacowania sprawności fizycznej użyto testu sprawności fizycznej dla osób starszych The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test składający się z 6 zadań ruchowych. Analiza statystyczna obejmowała analizę opisową i decyzyjną. W skład analizy opisowej weszły prezentacje graficzne i liczbowe otrzymanych wyników.Każda forma uczestnictwa w kulturze fizycznej, każdy rodzaj aktywności fizycznej, poprawa indywidualnej sprawności fizycznej jest pożądana z punktu widzenia konstruowania i realizacji programów prozdrowotnych skierowanych do osób starszych. Niezbędne jest też oszacowanie poziomu sprawności fizycznej osób, do których te programy będą skierowane. Stwarza to potrzebę permanentnego testowania osób w różnych grupach wiekowych i stworzenia bazy danych do opracowania polskich norm sprawności fizycznej osób starszych. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the level of efficiency of people of retirement age. The study enrolled 109 people who are physically active and the control group - 82 people not practicing with Tri-City. To assess the physical fitness physical fitness test was used for the elderly The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test consisting of 6 motor tasks. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis and decision-making. The descriptive analysis came pictorial representations and numerical results.Any form of participation in physical culture, any kind of physical activity, improve individual fitness is desirable from the point of view of the design and implementation of health-promoting programs for the elderly. It is also necessary to estimate the fitness level of the persons to whom these programs will be targeted. This creates the need for a permanent testing people in different age groups and create a database for the development of Polish standards of physical fitness of the elderly

Some puzzling findings regarding the acquisition of verbs

On the whole, children acquire frequent words earlier than less frequent words. However, there are other factors at play, such as an early "noun bias" (relative to input frequency, toddlers learn nouns faster than verbs) and a "content-word bias" (content words are acquired disproportionately to function words). This paper follows up reports of a puzzling phenomenon within verb-learning, where "experiencer-object" emotion verbs (A frightened/angered/delighted B) are lower frequency but learned earlier than "experiencer-subject" emotion verbs (A feared/hated/loved B). In addition to the possibility that the aforementioned results are a fluke or due to some confound, prior work has suggested several possible explanations: experiencer-object ("frighten-type") verbs have higher type frequency, encode a causal agent as the sentential subject, and perhaps describe a more salient perspective on the described event. In three experiments, we cast doubt on all three possible explanations. The first experiment replicates and extends the prior findings regarding emotion verbs, ruling out several possible confounds and concerns. The second and third experiments investigate acquisition of chase/flee verbs and give/get verbs, which reveal surprising findings that are not explained by the aforementioned hypotheses. We conclude that these findings indicate a significant hole in our theories of language learning, and that the path forward likely requires a great deal more empirical investigation of the order of acquisition of verbs

Nanoparticles in polyelectrolyte multilayer layer-by-layer (LbL) films and capsules : key enabling components of hybrid coatings

Originally regarded as auxiliary additives, nanoparticles have become important constituents of polyelectrolyte multilayers. They represent the key components to enhance mechanical properties, enable activation by laser light or ultrasound, construct anisotropic and multicompartment structures, and facilitate the development of novel sensors and movable particles. Here, we discuss an increasingly important role of inorganic nanoparticles in the layer-by-layer assembly—effectively leading to the construction of the so-called hybrid coatings. The principles of assembly are discussed together with the properties of nanoparticles and layer-by-layer polymeric assembly essential in building hybrid coatings. Applications and emerging trends in development of such novel materials are also identified

The use of ultrasonic cavitation for near-surface structuring of robust and low-cost AlNi catalysts for hydrogen production

Ultrasonically induced shock waves stimulate intensive interparticle collisions in suspensions and create large local temperature gradients in AlNi particles. These trigger phase transformations at the surface rather than in the particle interior. We show that ultrasonic processing is an effective approach for developing the desired compositional gradients in nm-thick interfacial regions of metal alloys and formation of effective catalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction

Melamine Barbiturate Crystal Twinning as a Function of Temperature

This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, goszadanie no. 2019-1075

Evolution of Cavitation Activity During Ultrasonic Nanostructuring of Magnesium

In this paper we focus on the investigation of the transient cavitation activity evolution during the sonochemical treatment of magnesium aqueous suspensions. We investigated the nonlinear behavior of cavitation activity that can be related with the influence of hydrogen gas released in the reaction of magnesium with water. Ultrasound causes the modification of the magnesium particles leading to the formation of the nanostructured Mg(OH)2 phase (brucite) resulting from both chemical and sonochemical impacts on the magnesium