37 research outputs found
A consensus statement on detection of hippocampal sharp wave ripples and differentiation from other fast oscillations
Decades of rodent research have established the role of hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) in consolidating and guiding experience. More recently, intracranial recordings in humans have suggested their role in episodic and semantic memory. Yet, common standards for recording, detection, and reporting do not exist. Here, we outline the methodological challenges involved in detecting ripple events and offer practical recommendations to improve separation from other high-frequency oscillations. We argue that shared experimental, detection, and reporting standards will provide a solid foundation for future translational discovery.This work was funded by K23NS104252 (A.A.L.) R01 MH117777 (E.B., J.W.R.) Whitehall Foundation (KH) 5F31NS120783-02 (Z.L.) 1U19NS104590 (A.L.) R01NS106611-02 (J.S., M.K.) MTEC-20-06-MOM013 (J.S., M.K.) 1U19NS107609-01 (I.S., J.L.) 1U19NS104590 (A.L., J.S.F., I.S.) 1U19NS107609 (E.A.B., J.W.R., J.J.L., I.S.) La Caixa LCF/PR/HR21/52410030 (A.N.O., L.dl.P) European Research Council Consolidator Grant 101001121 (B.P.S.) U.S.-Israel BSF grant 2017015 (RM)U01-NS113198 (J.J.) NSF CAREER IOS-1844935 (M.vdM.) 1R01NS121764-01 (B.L.M.) R01 MH122391 (G.B.) 30MH126483 (J.A.G.) Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale EQU202103012768 (M.Z.) 1R16-NS131108-01 (L.L.)
Replication of fifteen loci involved in human plasma protein N-glycosylation in 4,802 samples from four cohorts
Human protein glycosylation is a complex process, and its in vivo regulation is poorly understood. Changes in glycosylation patterns are associated with many human diseases and conditions. Understanding the biological determinants of protein glycome provides a basis for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow to study biology via a hypothesis-free search of loci and genetic variants associated with a trait of interest. Sixteen loci were identified by three previous GWAS of human plasma proteome N-glycosylation. However, the possibility that some of these loci are false positives needs to be eliminated by replication studies, which have been limited so far. Here, we use the largest set of samples so far (4,802 individuals) to replicate the previously identified loci. For all but one locus, the expected replication power exceeded 95%. Of the sixteen loci reported previously, fifteen were replicated in our study. For the remaining locus (near the KREMEN1 gene) the replication power was low, and hence replication results were inconclusive. The very high replication rate highlights the general robustness of the GWAS findings as well as the high standards adopted by the community that studies genetic regulation of protein glycosylation. The fifteen replicated loci present a good target for further functional studies. Among these, eight genes encode glycosyltransferases: MGAT5, B3GAT1, FUT8, FUT6, ST6GAL1, B4GALT1, ST3GAL4, and MGAT3. The remaining seven loci offer starting points for further functional follow-up investigation into molecules and mechanisms that regulate human protein N-glycosylation in vivo
Intracellular Serotonin Modulates Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells by Protein Serotonylation
Non-neuronal, peripheral serotonin deficiency causes diabetes mellitus and identifies an intracellular role for serotonin in the regulation of insulin secretion
Training and practice of cytotechnologists: a discussion forum focused on Europe.
OBJECTIVES: To discuss the role and training of cytotechnologists (CTs) in Europe, to identify areas of good practice and to provide an informed opinion to those providing guidelines for training and practice in Europe. METHODS: All members of the Editorial Advisory Board of Cytopathology were
invited to take part in a 'discussion forum' for which six topics were circulated in advance concerning the roles of CTs with regard to: (1) pre-screening slides; (2) 'signing out' reports; (3) carrying out ancillary techniques; (4) supervising laboratory staff; (5) taking part in rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of fine
needle aspirates (FNAs); and (6) whether CTs were trained specifically in cytopathology or in general histopathology. Notes of the meeting were circulated by email and a final report was agreed by 22 participants from 17 predominantly European countries. RESULTS: Training for CTs throughout Europe was variable, especially for non-gynaecological cytology, which was inconsistent with the range of activities required. The participants recommended graduate entry, preliminary training in general laboratory technology, and subsequent training to take account of the probability and, in some centres, the reality of primary cervical cancer screening changing from cytology to human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. They further recommended that CTs should perform HPV tests and take part in ROSE for FNAs, and they supported the European Federation of Cytology Societies developing guidelines for training and practice. CONCLUSION: With CT training added to a university-based education in laboratory or biomedical science, a career in cytotechnology should be an attractive option
involving a diverse range of laboratory and clinically based activities
Rab3a Is Critical for Trapping Alpha-MSH Granules in the High Ca2+-Affinity Pool by Preventing Constitutive Exocytosis
Survey of medical training in cytopathology carried out by the journal Cytopathology
This report of the Editorial Advisory Board of Cytopathology gives the
results of a survey of medical practitioners in cytopathology, which
aimed to find out their views on the current situation in undergraduate
and postgraduate training in their institutions and countries. The
results show that training in cytopathology and histopathology are
largely carried out at postgraduate level and tend to be organized
nationally rather than locally. Histopathology was regarded as essential
for training in cytopathology by 89.5% of respondents and was mandatory
according to 83.1%. Mandatory cytopathology sections of histopathology
were reported by 67.3% and specific examinations in cytopathology by
55.4%. The main deficiencies in training were due to its variability;
there were insufficient numbers of pathologists interested in cytology
and a consequent lack of training to a high level of competence.
Pathologists without specific training in cytopathology signed out
cytology reports according to 54.7% of responses, more often in centres
where training was 3-6 months or less duration. Although 92.2% of
respondents thought that specialist cytology should not be reported by
pathologists without experience in general cytopathology, that practice
was reported by 30.9%, more often in centres with small workloads. The
survey report recommends that 6-12 months should be dedicated to
cytopathology during histopathology training, with optional additional
training for those wanting to carry out independent practice in
cytopathology. Formal accreditation should be mandatory for independent
practice in cytopathology. When necessary, temporary placements to
centres of good practice should be available for trainees intending to
practise independently in cytopathology. There should be adequate
numbers of pathologists trained in cytopathology to a high level of
competence; some of their time could be released by training
cytotechnologists and trainee pathologists to prescreen cytology slides
and assess adequacy of fine-needle aspiration samples when immediate
diagnosis was not required. The survey demonstrated a clear need for
European and international guidelines for training in cytopathology
Past, present, and future of informed consent in pain and genomics research: Challenges facing global medical community
In recent decades, there has been a revision of the role of institutional review boards with the intention of protecting human subjects from harm and exploitation in research. Informed consent aims to protect the subject by explaining all of the benefits and risks associated with a specific research project. To date, there has not been a review published analyzing issues of informed consent in research in the field of genetic/Omics in subjects with chronic pain, and the current review aims to fill that gap in the ethical aspects of such investigation. Despite the extensive discussion on ethical challenges unique to the field of genetic/Omics, this is the first attempt at addressing ethical challenges regarding Informed Consent Forms for pain research as the primary focus. We see this contribution as an important one, for while ethical issues are too often ignored in pain research in general, the numerous arising ethical issues that are unique to pain genetic/Omics suggest that researchers in the field need to pay even greater attention to the rights of subjects/patients. This article presents the work of the Ethic Committee of the Pain-Omics Group (www.painomics.eu), a consortium of 11 centers that is running the Pain-Omics project funded by the European Community in the 7th Framework Program theme (HEALTH.2013.2.2.1-5—Understanding and controlling pain). The Ethic Committee is composed of 1 member of each group of the consortium as well as key opinion leaders in the field of ethics and pain more generally