Acquisition, storage and dissemination of socially dangerous information : theoretical and methodological issues of the legal prohibition

The research project is focused on the Russian and foreign practice of the legal prohibition of acquisition, storage and dissemination of socially dangerous information on the Internet. Other objects of studies include legal restrictions on freedom of the media in order to protect the constitutional order, the interests of the citizens and the security of the state.peer-reviewe

Variability of Properties Characterizing Persistent Potential of Cholera Vibrio in Biofilm Communities

Represented are the results of studies on variability of properties characterizing persistent potential of V. cholerae in biofilm communities under the long-term cultivation in river water. Demonstrated is the fact that in the cold water epidemically significant cholera vibrios form thin biofilms and do not survive for the most part. But atoxigenic strains, isolated from the water, can survive in the environment both in the cold and warm time of the year due to formation of thick biofilm and realization of the persistent activity. Expressiveness of the properties studied, except antilysozyme activity (ALA), directly correlate with biofilm formation intensity. In case of ALA one observes inverse correlation

Experimental Research Into Generation of Acoustic Emission Signals in the Process of Friction of Hadfield Steel Single Crystals

The results of experimental research into dry sliding friction of Hadfield steel single crystals involving registration of acoustic emission are presented in the paper. The images of friction surfaces of Hadfield steel single crystals and wear grooves of the counterbody surface made after completion of three serial experiments conducted under similar conditions and friction regimes are given. The relation of the acoustic emission waveform envelope to the changing friction factor is revealed. Amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signal frames are determined on the base of Fast Fourier Transform and Short Time Fourier Transform during the run-in stage of tribounits and in the process of stable friction

Diphosphonioiminobornane diperchlorate: Electrosynthesis, crystal structure, and hydrolysis

On of the products of electrochemical phosphorylation of camphene was 2-(C-methyl-C-trialkylphosphonio) methyleneimino-10-trialkylphosphoniomethyl) bornane diperhlorates. A mechanism of their formation was suggested consisting in the rearrangement of the intermediate camphenylphosphonium dication followed by selective addition of acetonitrile and a second trialkylphosphine molecules. The diperhlorate hydrolysis was found to lead to the synthesis of 2-acetamido-10-trialkylphosphoniobornane perchlorates. The 2-(C-methyl-C- tripropylphosphonio)methyleneimino-10-tripropylphosphoniomethyl)bornane and 2-acetamidoyl-10-tripropylphosphoniobornane structures were established by the X-ray diffraction study. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The Role of Cadaverine in Cholera Vibrio Adaptation to Stress Conditions, Induced by Hypoxia

Objective of the study is to evaluate the role of cadaverine in cholera vibrio adaptation to stress, induced by hypoxia. Materials and methods. Utilized have been 18 V. cholerae strains with different set of pathogenicity determinants. The strains are isolated from patients and from river-water. Results and conclusions. It is demonstrated that under experimental modeling of intestinal tract gas medium, cholera vibrios respond to unfavorable conditions of the environment by producing cadaverine. Its amount coincides with pathogenicity of cultures (it is higher in epidemically significant strains, than in the strains that lack genes of toxin and pilus production). It is established that the level of extracellular cadaverine production is greater than that of intracellular; but correlation of the parameters depends upon the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the environment. Intracellular cadaverine is mainly generated at a high oxygen concentration (10-12 %); while under extreme hypoxia

Methods of yeast genome editing

Yeasts are a convenient model eukaryote used for genome studies and genome editing. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the species most widely employed in biotechnology, since it is easily cultivated in bioreactors and is absolutely safe. The last decade saw a significant development of methods of yeast genetic engineering and the creation of novel instruments adapted from other fields, which allowed one to significantly accelerate the construction of new strains. The most prominent examples are the proteins used for directed DNA editing. For a long time, yeast genome engineering was based on the yeasts’ system of homologous recombination. It was sufficient for several decades before the development of high­throughput methods. Many high­throughput methods were developed in the second decade of the XXI century, including those used in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics, etc. Modern bioinformatic databases now allow one to rapidly process the increasing flow of information and model cellular processes. As a result, the rate of analysis and prediction of targets for genome editing is currently higher than the rate of genome editing, which led to the development of new methods of genetic engineering. This process was particularly pronounced for microorganisms. Modern tasks require tens, hundreds, sometimes even thousands of genome modifications, which made researchers to look for new techniques. As a result, the instruments used for more complex objects, such as animals, plants, and cell lines, were adapted for yeasts. Modern methods for yeast genome editing allow introducing several modifications into the genome in a single step. In this study, we review the methods of directed genome editing and their applications and perspectives for yeasts

Особенности применения ралтегравира у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с различной соматической патологией

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of raltegravir regimens in HIV-infected patients with concomitant pathology in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out of 277 outpatient records of HIV-infected patients who received raltegravir (RAL) as a third component both in patients without previous experience of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in patients with experience of treatment with various somatic pathologies. The main criterion for the effectiveness of the scheme was the proportion of patients with undetectable viral load at the start of the analysis. Additional criteria for evaluating the efficacy and safety of the regimen were the dynamics of the number of CD4-lymphocytes, the frequency and nature of undesirable side reactions.Results. On average, patients with no experience of treatment and with experience of treatment received regimens with raltegravir for about 5 years. At the time of the study in 2020, 69.8% of patients on ART for the first time continued to take a regimen containing raltegravir. In this group, the proportion of patients with virological suppression (PCR of HIV RNA less than 50 kopecks / ml) was 97.7%. 75.2% of patients in the second group in 2020 continued to take the RAL regimen. The proportion of patients with virological suppression (VL less than 50 kopecks / ml) in this group was 97.5%. During the treatment, there was no discontinuation of the regimen in both groups due to undesirable side reactions to raltegravir.Conclusion. The results of this study confirm that RAL-based regimens provide a high level of efficacy with a good tolerance and safety profile in routine clinical practice for both naive and experienced patients with various somatic pathologies.Цель: оценка эффективности, безопасности и переносимости схем, содержащих ралтегравир, у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с различной сопутствующей патологией в реальной клинической практике.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 277 амбулаторных карт ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, получавших в качестве третьего компонента препарат ралтегравир (RAL) как у пациентов без предшествующего опыта антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ), так и у пациентов с опытом лечения с различной соматической патологией. Основным критерием эффективности схемы явилась доля пациентов с неопределяемым уровнем вирусной нагрузки на момент начала анализа. Дополнительными критериями оценки эффективности и безопасности схемы являлась динамика количества CD4-лимфоцитов, частота и характер нежелательных побочных реакций.Результаты. В среднем пациенты без опыта лечения и с опытом лечения получали схемы с ралтегравиром около 5 лет. На момент проведения исследования в 2020 г. 69,8% пациентов, которым АРТ была назначена впервые, продолжали принимать схему, содержащую ралтегра-вир. В данной группе доля пациентов с вирусологической супрессией (ПЦР РНК ВИЧ менее 50 коп/мл) составила 97,7%. 75,2% пациентов второй группы в 2020 г. продолжали принимать схему с RAL. Доля пациентов с вирусологической супрессией (ВН менее 50 коп/мл) в этой группе составила 97,5%. За время лечения в обеих группах не было отмены схемы в связи с нежелательными побочными реакциями на ралтегравир.Заключение. Результаты этого исследования подтверждают, что схемы на основе RAL обеспечивают высокий уровень эффективности с хорошим профилем переносимости и безопасности в рутинной клинической практике как у «наивных» пациентов, так и пациентов с опытом лечения различной соматической патологии

Magnetostimulated Chandges of Microhardness in Potassium Acid Phthalate Crystals

A decrease in microhardness along the (010) cleavage in potassium acid phthalate single crystals by 15--18% after the application of a permanent magnetic field was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the effect revealed is of the volume character. The role of interlayer water in the processes stimulated by a magnetic field is studied., Interlayer water plays does not cause the observed changes it only plays the part of an indicator of these changes in potassium acid phthalate crystals in a magnetic field. It is established that microhardness in the (100) plane of the crystal in an applied a magnetic field first increases by 12--15% and then remains constant in time within the accuracy of the experiment. The possibility of varying the crystal structure of potassium acid phthalate crystals by applying magnetic fields inducing rearrangement in the system of hydrogen bonds or in the defect structure is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СХЕМ АРТ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ НИЗКИЕ ДОЗЫ ФОСФАЗИДА

In 20 patients, treated with regime of ART including phosphazid at a dose of 800 mg/day, his daily dose was reduced to 400 mg. In 19 of 20 patients the phosphazod’ dose reduction was due to the development of adverse events related to therapy. After changing the phosphazid’ daily dose the patients seen during the 1 year. Lowering the phosphazid’ dose did not lead to virological failure of the regime of ART and/ or progression of HIV-infection. On the background of lower doses in almost all patients observed a significant improvement in health- the reduction of weakness, disappearance of nausea and headaches. The analysis of laboratory data through 48 weeks after the change daily dose of the phosphazid also showed improvement in these indicators.У 20 пациентов, получавших в составе схемы АРТ фосфазид в дозе 800 мг/сут, его суточная доза была снижена до 400 мг. У 19 из 20 пациентов снижение дозы было обусловлено развитием нежелательных явлений, связанных с терапией. После изменения суточной дозы фосфазида пациентов наблюдали в течение года. Снижение дозы фосфазида не привело к вирусологической неэффективности схемы АРТ и/или прогрессированию ВИЧ-инфекции. На фоне снижения дозы почти у всех пациентов наблюдали значительное улучшение самочувствия – уменьшение слабости, исчезновение тошноты и головной боли. Анализ лабораторных данных через 48 недель после изменения суточной дозы препарата также показал улучшение этих показателей