Development of LTO LPCVD Process for 6 Wafers at RIT

Low Temperature Oxide (LTO) thin films were prepared using a Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition process. By employing statistically designed experiments, the number of experimental runs required was minimized. The full-factorial experimental design was set up to examine effects temperature, gas flow and pressure had on deposition rate, wafer to wafer uniformity, within the wafer uniformity and within run uniformity. The average deposition rate found to be 112A per minute. The LTO baseline process conditions optimized based on the results of this project are: Temperature of 410C, pressure of 33OmTorr and gas flow ratio of 0.55

Coolie cartography: crossing frontiers through coolitude

Following the abolition of Transatlantic slavery, the British introduced a new scheme of labour to replace the former. 'Indian indentureship', as it was referred to, affected nearly 2 million Indian coolies who defied the traditional ban against crossing the kala pani (dark waters) in order to work on plantations in countries such as British Guiana, Trinidad, Malaya, South Africa and Fiji. In effect, the Indian labour: diaspora emerged and established itself across the globe. Despite over 100 years of labouring and contributing to the development of their new homes, the coolies and their descendents still face political, social and cultural marginalization. The aim of this thesis is to explore the consequences of indentureship in various societies through a parallelization of inter-national coolie conditions as represented by writers of the diaspora. The three areas selected for this study are Guyana, Malaysia and Fiji. David Dabydeen (Guyana), K.S.Maniam (Malaysia) and Satendra Nandan (Fiji) all share the impetus to disclose the past as a portal into the present, thereby dismpting normative time, and by implication, a fixed sense of history. However; the most striking similarity between these writers, despite their geographical and social distance, is their literary method which centres on the theory of coolitude. Coolitude was coined by Khal Torabully as a means of recuperating the voiceless coolie, firstly, by re-membering the sea voyage across the kizla pani and secondly, by highlighting the coolie's place in the mosaic of multicultural societies. Chapter 1 details the historical, theoretical and methodical foundations of the thesis. Chapter 2 explores Dabydeen's novels The Counting House and Our Lady of Demerara while Chapter 3 is a detailed study of Maniam's novels The Return and In A Far Country. The final chapter considers Nandan's novel The Wounded Sea and collection of poetry Lines Across Black Waters. Each literary analysis seeks to understand how coolitude, as a means to historically and politically place the coolie in the current world,: links spaces between countries both through a shared colonial history and a common postcolonial condition

A FRAMEWORK FOR CONSERVING POWER IN MANETS

The idea of using controllable relay nodes for designing mobile systems has been explored by several researchers. The main objective of this paper is to design a framework for deploying relay nodes with controlled mobility to conserve power in MANET. To meet out this proposal, a heterogeneous network consisting of traditional nodes with limited energy and relay nodes with more energy resources are considered. The deployment of relay nodes are based on the following two methods: 1. Min-Total, aims to minimize the total energy consumption of all the traditional nodes in the network. 2. Min-Max, aims to minimize the energy consumed by a traditional node in the network. The solution of these two methods can be used to prioritize each individual node in the network. The trade-offs involved in deploying an increasing/decreasing fraction of relay nodes, varying node weights, varying epoch duration is analyzed. This framework aims at dynamically combining both Min-Total and Min-Max based on the characteristics and requirements of the network

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES L. ROOT

Objective: Scientific evaluation of traditionally using medicinal herbs for their pharmacological activity is a leading and valuable area of research. The aim of this study is to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides root and analyze the major bioactive compounds present in those extracts. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of both ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts was carried out against various pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. A number of active compounds present in both extracts were compared by developing different compounds of the sample in high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) stationary phase using mobile phase petroleum ether:ethyl acetate:toluene:formic acid (5:5:1:1). Results: Ethanolic extract acts against pathogens such as S. aureus and MRSA, significantly (p<0.05) potent than that of hydroalcoholic extract. Significant difference has not been observed between ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract when acts against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. HPTLC profile of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract shows the presence of 10 and 14 different compounds, respectively, when developed with the same mobile phase. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, was found to be present with higher % peak area in hydroalcoholic extract (3.25%) against ethanolic extract (2.98%). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that zone of inhibition exhibited by both ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts was found to be different with dissimilar pathogens. A more number of compounds were eluted from hydroalcoholic extract than ethanolic extract.Â

A REVIEW ON SPECTRUM SENSING METHODS FOR COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS

In Wireless Communication, Radio Spectrum is doing a vital role; for the future need it should use efficient. The existing system, it is not possible to use it efficiently where the allocation of spectrum is done based on fixed spectrum access (FSA) policy. Several surveys prove that it show the way to inefficient use of spectrum. An innovative technique is needed for spectrum utilization effectively. Using Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) policy, available spectrum can be exploited. Cognitive radio arises to be an attractive solution which introduces opportunistic usage of the frequency bands that are not commonly occupied by licensed users. Cognitive radios promote open spectrum allocation which is a clear departure from habitual command and control allocation process for radio spectrum usage. In short, it permits the formation of “infrastructure-less†joint network clusters which is called Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). Conversely the spectrum sensing techniques are needed to detect free spectrum. In this paper, different spectrum sensing techniques are analyzed

Work in the dark to harvest large liquid-grown cultures

Biochemical purification of low-abundance proteins from Neurospora crassa often requires collection of \u3e100 g wet weight of mycelial mass. For purification of the dynein motor from N. crassa, 4 to 8 one liter liquid cultures are inoculated with 1 x 106 conidia/ml at 3:00 pm and incubate overnight at 28°C with shaking. At 9:00 am the next morning, mycelia (10- 15 g/flask) are collected by filtration using a new cellulose filter for each flask (Fisherbrand P8). Unfortunately, we frequently find that mycelia are easily collected from the first one to three flasks, however, mycelia cannot be harvested from the remaining flasks because the filters become clogged. We have determined that this is a light-dependent phenomenon. If the incubators are covered in black trash bags for the overnight incubation and the lab lights are not turned on during the morning harvesting period, we no longer see any clogging of filters. We suspect that light-induction of hydrophobins is the cause of the clogging of cellulose filters (Lauter et al. 1992)

Hydrogen Bonding Interaction between 1-Propanol and Acrylic Esters in Non-polar Solvents: An FTIR Study

The association between 1-propanol and acrylic esters (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate) in non-polar solvents, viz. n-heptane, CCl4, and benzene has been investigated by means of FTIR spectroscopy. The formation constants of the 1:1 complexes have been calculated using Nash’s method. The values of the formation constant and the Gibbs energy vary with ester chain length, which suggests that the strengths of the intermolecularOH…O=Cbonds are dependent on the alkyl group of the acrylic ester and the results show that the proton accepting ability of acrylic esters is in the order methyl methacrylate < ethyl methacrylate < butyl methacrylate. The results also show a significant dependence of the association constant upon the solvent used. The solvent effect on the hydrogen bond equilibria is discussed in terms of specific interactions between the solute and the solvent.KEYWORDS: FTIR spectroscopy, acrylic esters, hydrogen bonding, solvent effects

Dystopian cybernetic environment in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five

Cybernetics is particularly well-suited to cultural history since it resonated with an American cultural mood that included World War II anxieties and worries that communism indicated that human beings could degenerate into unthinking, perfectly intelligent machines. Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) illustrates people who become enslaved to a controlling system of cybernetics that carries out its power through time and war. In this study, I examine Slaughterhouse-Five in which the cybernetic system creates a dystopian society and reduces human beings into obedient robots. Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five demonstrates that cybernetics as a metaphor for control of the mind leaves no space for individuals to decide for their own lives. This analysis investigates the ways through which cybernetics manipulates human beings in Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five

Toll-like receptors and macrophage activation in atherosclerosis

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Literature and Territoriality Configuring Spaces by Jaffna Tamil Writers

At present when cultural difference is increasingly becoming deterritorializedbecause of the mass migration and transnational culture of the postcolonial world, aspecial attention is shown through literary work in understanding the ways in which thequestions of identity, belonging and cultural difference are spatialized.The concepts of Tamil identity and nationalism in Sri Lanka have always beenassociated with territory and expressed by Tamil authors in their writings. Territory isnot simply where one lives, but one which is controlled and directed in political termsand through literature Tamilian identity transcends ethnic borders and clinches a senseof territorial possession.This paper on “Literature and Territoriality: Configuring Spaces by Jaffna TamilWriters” attempts to pinpoint that contemporary writings of Jaffna Tamils, the writersfrom the Northern part of Sri Lanka, are concerned with legitimizing the newconfigurations and fostering a feeling of belonging and identity by invoking a historyand tradition.The objective of this paper is not to present a comprehensive reading ofcontemporary Jaffna Tamil authors and to rewrite a literary tradition but to reveal therole and function of literature in English by Jaffna Tamil writers in constructing,maintaining and legitimizing Tamilian identity through spatial configuration. Criticaldescriptive analysis is applied in this research paper.Literary work of any community does not stand in a vacuum but it always coversthe quest for national identity of that particular community. In this regard literature ofJaffna Tamils not only legitimizes a strong sense of territory and deals with politicalresistance but implies dislocation of power through fragmentation and loss of identity aswell.This presentation by focusing on spatial registers such as space, territory, nation,and home aims to provide a critical analysis of socio political conditions in which theliterature of Jaffna Tamils has been produced.Key words: Literature, Tterritoriality,Spaces, Identity, Resistance, Nationalism