Hamman's syndrome: a rare benign syndrome

Hamman’s syndrome by definition is spontaneous pneumomediastinum with the exclusion of thoracic trauma or iatrogenic cause. It is rare and is more common in adolescence male. Amongst the risk factors are underlying lung condition such as asthma and interstitial lung disease, drug inhalation and parturient woman. Patient usually presents with sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain with subcutaneous emphysema on examination. The diagnosis is confirmed with chest radiograph. The prognosis of Hamman’s syndrome is excellent. Most cases are self-limiting and resolve spontaneously. However, Hamman’s syndrome is a poorly recognised disease due to its rarity. Therefore, the patient may be subjected to misdiagnosis and treatment. This is a case report of Hamman’s syndrome misdiagnosed and treated as pneumothorax. The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of differentiating this benign syndrome with life threatening differentials which may have similar clinical presentation. Thus, avoiding unnecessary costly investigation, treatment and invasive procedures

Usage of teaching aids in increasing cognition among slow learners through art lessons

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using electronic and non-electronic teaching aids in improving the cognitive levels among slow learners through art lessons. The research method used wastheHermeneutic method in which the daily lesson plans and the observations of students’ artworks were analyzed. This research was carried out in a school in Kuala Kangsar district and about nine slow-learners were involved in the study as the sample. The students’ cognitive level could be improved through the subject of Art and the development of their psychomotor skills could be improved through making handicrafts. From this research, the results obtained showedthat the use of electronic and non-electronic teaching aids positively affectedthe improvisation of a student’s cognitive level and psychomotor skills among slow learners

Predicting survival of de novo metastatic breast cancer in Asian women: Systematic review and validation study

10.1371/journal.pone.0093755PLoS ONE94-POLN

Study characteristics of prognostic models for metastatic breast cancer patients.

<p>Abbreviation: LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; PS, Performance status (Zubrod/ECOG/WHO score); ALKP, alkaline phosphatase; DFI, disease free interval; KPS, Karnofsky performance score; CNS, Central nervous system; ER, Estrogen receptor; PR, Progesterone receptor; HER2, Human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2; CTC, circulating tumor cells; RTOG, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group; RPA, recursive partitioning analysis.</p

Validation of selected models for prediction of survival of patients with <i>de novo</i> metastatic breast cancer.

a<p>Patients with brain metastases excluded.</p>b<p>Patients with equivocal Her2 status were excluded.</p>c<p>Exclusively patients with brain metastasis.</p>d<p>C-statistic for complete case analysis based on 297 patients was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.59–0.67).</p

Kaplan Meier survival curves of low, intermediate and high-risk groups.

<p>Risk groups were defined by tertiles of risk scores of prediction models for patients with <i>de novo</i> metastatic breast cancer.</p

Flow chart of study selection process. n = number of studies.

<p>Flow chart of study selection process. n =  number of studies.</p

1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative survival probability for different risk groups.

<p>Risk groups were defined by quintiles of risk scores of Williams et al.'s and Ryberg et al.'s model. 1^st quintile is the group with the highest predicted survival probability and 5^th quintile is with the lowest predicted survival probability.</p

Training manual on approach to unwell children under 5 years

In line with the SDG, Ministry of Health Malaysia aims to end all preventable deaths among newborn and children under 5 years and developed the ‘Training Manual on Approach to Unwell Children under 5 years’ (ATUCU5) based on the WHO IMCI strategy. ATUCU5 is meant for training of our health care providers on three main components, which includes early detection of danger signs, improvements in the case management skills and proper immediate treatment