On 2-Reptiles in the Plane

We classify all rational 2-reptiles in the plane. We also establish properties concerning rational reptiles in the plane in general

Improving the oscillating wear response of cold sprayed Ti-6Al-4V coatings through a heat treatment

Cold spray (CS) coating technique is being studied as a potential solution for repairing aircraft Ti-6Al-4V components. This work is focused on the restoration of damaged components due to wear induced by vibrations. It is known that Ti-6Al-4V CS deposition shows difficulties to obtain non-porous coatings due to the high strength of this material, that is detrimental for wear resistance. In this sense, performing a post-heat treatment leads to lower porosity CS Ti-6Al-4V coatings and improves their mechanical properties, and thus, a better tribological behaviour is also expected. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of a post-heat treatment on the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V coatings deposited by the CS technique. Ti-6Al-4V CS coatings were used, which have been sprayed with nitrogen as process gas at a temperature of 1100 °C and a pressure of 50 bar. The coatings were subjected to a solution heat treatment followed by a precipitation heat treatment. Oscillating and unidirectional sliding wear experiments were conducted on the coatings at room temperature and at 450 °C. A pin on disc configuration was used with a bearing steel counterbody. The results were compared to those obtained on the substrate (which represents the material to be repaired) and on the as-sprayed coating, which were derived from a previous work. The heat treated coating presented improved wear behaviour as compared to the substrate as well as to the as-sprayed coating, particularly during the high temperature tests. Wear at high temperature was dominated by material transference from the counterbody to the Ti-6Al-4V coating

Root transcriptional responses of two melongenotypes with contrasting resistance toMonosporascus cannonballus (Pollack et Uecker)infection

Background: Monosporascus cannonballus is the main causal agent of melon vine decline disease. Several studies have been carried out mainly focused on the study of the penetration of this pathogen into melon roots, the evaluation of symptoms severity on infected roots, and screening assays for breeding programs. However, a detailed molecular view on the early interaction between M. cannonballus and melon roots in either susceptible or resistant genotypes is lacking. In the present study, we used a melon oligo-based microarray to investigate the gene expression responses of two melon genotypes, Cucumis melo ¿Piel de sapo¿ (¿PS¿) and C. melo ¿Pat 81¿, with contrasting resistance to the disease. This study was carried out at 1 and 3 days after infection (DPI) by M. cannonballus. Results: Our results indicate a dissimilar behavior of the susceptible vs. the resistant genotypes from 1 to 3 DPI. ¿PS¿ responded with a more rapid infection response than ¿Pat 81¿ at 1 DPI. At 3 DPI the total number of differentially expressed genes identified in ¿PS¿ declined from 451 to 359, while the total number of differentially expressed transcripts in ¿Pat 81¿ increased from 187 to 849. Several deregulated transcripts coded for components of Ca2+ and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathways, as well as for other proteins related to defence mechanisms. Transcriptional differences in the activation of the JA-mediated response in ¿Pat 81¿ compared to ¿PS¿ suggested that JA response might be partially responsible for their observed differences in resistance. Conclusions: As a result of this study we have identified for the first time a set of candidate genes involved in the root response to the infection of the pathogen causing melon vine decline. This information is useful for understanding the disease progression and resistance mechanisms few days after inoculation.Roig Montaner, MC.; Fita, A.; Rios, G.; Hammond, JP.; Nuez Viñals, F.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2012). Root transcriptional responses of two melongenotypes with contrasting resistance toMonosporascus cannonballus (Pollack et Uecker)infection. BMC Genomics. 13(601):1-12. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-601S11213601Stanghellini, M. E., Kim, D. H., & Waugh, M. (2000). Microbe-Mediated Germination of Ascospores of Monosporascus cannonballus. Phytopathology, 90(3), 243-247. doi:10.1094/phyto.2000.90.3.243Waugh, M. M., Ferrin, D. M., & Stanghellini, M. E. (2005). Colonization of cantaloupe roots by Monosporascus cannonballus. Mycological Research, 109(11), 1297-1301. doi:10.1017/s0953756205003722Périn, C., Hagen, L., De Conto, V., Katzir, N., Danin-Poleg, Y., Portnoy, V., … Pitrat, M. (2002). A reference map of Cucumis melo based on two recombinant inbred line populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104(6), 1017-1034. doi:10.1007/s00122-002-0864-xEduardo, I., Arús, P., & Monforte, A. J. (2005). Development of a genomic library of near isogenic lines (NILs) in melon (Cucumis melo L.) from the exotic accession PI161375. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 112(1), 139-148. doi:10.1007/s00122-005-0116-yGonzalo, M. J., Oliver, M., Garcia-Mas, J., Monfort, A., Dolcet-Sanjuan, R., Katzir, N., … Monforte, A. J. (2005). Simple-sequence repeat markers used in merging linkage maps of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 110(5), 802-811. doi:10.1007/s00122-004-1814-6Fernandez-Silva, I., Eduardo, I., Blanca, J., Esteras, C., Picó, B., Nuez, F., … Monforte, A. J. (2008). Bin mapping of genomic and EST-derived SSRs in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118(1), 139-150. doi:10.1007/s00122-008-0883-3Deleu, W., Esteras, C., Roig, C., González-To, M., Fernández-Silva, I., Gonzalez-Ibeas, D., … Garcia-Mas, J. (2009). A set of EST-SNPs for map saturation and cultivar identification in melon. BMC Plant Biology, 9(1), 90. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-9-90Harel-Beja, R., Tzuri, G., Portnoy, V., Lotan-Pompan, M., Lev, S., Cohen, S., … Katzir, N. (2010). A genetic map of melon highly enriched with fruit quality QTLs and EST markers, including sugar and carotenoid metabolism genes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 121(3), 511-533. doi:10.1007/s00122-010-1327-4González, V. M., Garcia-Mas, J., Arús, P., & Puigdomènech, P. (2010). Generation of a BAC-based physical map of the melon genome. BMC Genomics, 11(1), 339. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-339Nieto, C., Piron, F., Dalmais, M., Marco, C. F., Moriones, E., Gómez-Guillamón, M. L., … Bendahmane, A. (2007). EcoTILLING for the identification of allelic variants of melon eIF4E, a factor that controls virus susceptibility. BMC Plant Biology, 7(1), 34. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-7-34Dahmani-Mardas, F., Troadec, C., Boualem, A., Lévêque, S., Alsadon, A. A., Aldoss, A. A., … Bendahmane, A. (2010). Engineering Melon Plants with Improved Fruit Shelf Life Using the TILLING Approach. PLoS ONE, 5(12), e15776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015776González, M., Xu, M., Esteras, C., Roig, C., Monforte, A. J., Troadec, C., … Picó, B. (2011). Towards a TILLING platform for functional genomics in Piel de Sapo melons. BMC Research Notes, 4(1). doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-289Gonzalez-Ibeas, D., Blanca, J., Roig, C., González-To, M., Picó, B., Truniger, V., … Aranda, M. A. (2007). MELOGEN: an EST database for melon functional genomics. BMC Genomics, 8(1), 306. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-306Clepet, C., Joobeur, T., Zheng, Y., Jublot, D., Huang, M., Truniger, V., … Fei, Z. (2011). Analysis of expressed sequence tags generated from full-length enriched cDNA libraries of melon. BMC Genomics, 12(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-252Mascarell-Creus, A., Cañizares, J., Vilarrasa-Blasi, J., Mora-García, S., Blanca, J., Gonzalez-Ibeas, D., … Caño-Delgado, A. I. (2009). An oligo-based microarray offers novel transcriptomic approaches for the analysis of pathogen resistance and fruit quality traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.). BMC Genomics, 10(1), 467. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-467Reddy, V. S. (2003). Plant Molecular Biology, 52(1), 143-159. doi:10.1023/a:1023993713849Reddy, A. S. N., Ali, G. S., Celesnik, H., & Day, I. S. (2011). Coping with Stresses: Roles of Calcium- and Calcium/Calmodulin-Regulated Gene Expression. The Plant Cell, 23(6), 2010-2032. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.084988Tena, G., Boudsocq, M., & Sheen, J. (2011). Protein kinase signaling networks in plant innate immunity. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 14(5), 519-529. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2011.05.006Eulgem, T., & Somssich, I. E. (2007). Networks of WRKY transcription factors in defense signaling. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 10(4), 366-371. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.020Li, J., Brader, G., Kariola, T., & Tapio Palva, E. (2006). WRKY70 modulates the selection of signaling pathways in plant defense. The Plant Journal, 46(3), 477-491. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02712.xLi, J., Brader, G., & Palva, E. T. (2004). The WRKY70 Transcription Factor: A Node of Convergence for Jasmonate-Mediated and Salicylate-Mediated Signals in Plant Defense. The Plant Cell, 16(2), 319-331. doi:10.1105/tpc.016980Pauwels, L., & Goossens, A. (2011). The JAZ Proteins: A Crucial Interface in the Jasmonate Signaling Cascade. The Plant Cell, 23(9), 3089-3100. doi:10.1105/tpc.111.089300Liu, F., Jiang, H., Ye, S., Chen, W.-P., Liang, W., Xu, Y., … Li, C. (2010). The Arabidopsis P450 protein CYP82C2 modulates jasmonate-induced root growth inhibition, defense gene expression and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Cell Research, 20(5), 539-552. doi:10.1038/cr.2010.36Sestili, S., Polverari, A., Luongo, L., Ferrarini, A., Scotton, M., Hussain, J., … Belisario, A. (2011). Distinct colonization patterns and cDNA-AFLP transcriptome profiles in compatible and incompatible interactions between melon and different races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. BMC Genomics, 12(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-122Collins, N. C., Thordal-Christensen, H., Lipka, V., Bau, S., Kombrink, E., Qiu, J.-L., … Schulze-Lefert, P. (2003). SNARE-protein-mediated disease resistance at the plant cell wall. Nature, 425(6961), 973-977. doi:10.1038/nature02076Schulze-Lefert, P. (2004). Knocking on the heaven’s wall: pathogenesis of and resistance to biotrophic fungi at the cell wall. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7(4), 377-383. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2004.05.004Büschges, R., Hollricher, K., Panstruga, R., Simons, G., Wolter, M., Frijters, A., … Schulze-Lefert, P. (1997). The Barley Mlo Gene: A Novel Control Element of Plant Pathogen Resistance. Cell, 88(5), 695-705. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81912-1Consonni, C., Humphry, M. E., Hartmann, H. A., Livaja, M., Durner, J., Westphal, L., … Panstruga, R. (2006). Conserved requirement for a plant host cell protein in powdery mildew pathogenesis. Nature Genetics, 38(6), 716-720. doi:10.1038/ng1806HUMPHRY, M., REINSTÄDLER, A., IVANOV, S., BISSELING, T., & PANSTRUGA, R. (2011). Durable broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance in pea er1 plants is conferred by natural loss-of-function mutations in PsMLO1. Molecular Plant Pathology, 12(9), 866-878. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00718.xHumphry, M., Bednarek, P., Kemmerling, B., Koh, S., Stein, M., Gobel, U., … Panstruga, R. (2010). A regulon conserved in monocot and dicot plants defines a functional module in antifungal plant immunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(50), 21896-21901. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003619107Chen, Z., Noir, S., Kwaaitaal, M., Hartmann, H. A., Wu, M.-J., Mudgil, Y., … Jones, A. M. (2009). Two Seven-Transmembrane Domain MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O Proteins Cofunction in Arabidopsis Root Thigmomorphogenesis. The Plant Cell, 21(7), 1972-1991. doi:10.1105/tpc.108.062653Cheng, H., Kun, W., Liu, D., Su, Y., & He, Q. (2011). Molecular cloning and expression analysis of CmMlo1 in melon. Molecular Biology Reports, 39(2), 1903-1907. doi:10.1007/s11033-011-0936-6Guo, Y.-H., Yu, Y.-P., Wang, D., Wu, C.-A., Yang, G.-D., Huang, J.-G., & Zheng, C.-C. (2009). GhZFP1, a novel CCCH-type zinc finger protein from cotton, enhances salt stress tolerance and fungal disease resistance in transgenic tobacco by interacting with GZIRD21A and GZIPR5. New Phytologist, 183(1), 62-75. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02838.xSchlink, K. (2009). Down-regulation of defense genes and resource allocation into infected roots as factors for compatibility between Fagus sylvatica and Phytophthora citricola. 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Computation of Casimir forces for dielectrics or intrinsic semiconductors based on the Boltzmann transport equation

The interaction between drifting carriers and traveling electromagnetic waves is considered within the context of the classical Boltzmann transport equation to compute the Casimir-Lifshitz force between media with small density of charge carriers, including dielectrics and intrinsic semiconductors. We expand upon our previous work [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 101}, 163203 (2008)] and derive in some detail the frequency-dependent reflection amplitudes in this theory and compute the corresponding Casimir free energy for a parallel plate configuration. We critically discuss the the issue of verification of the Nernst theorem of thermodynamics in Casimir physics, and explicity show that our theory satisfies that theorem. Finally, we show how the theory of drifting carriers connects to previous computations of Casimir forces using spatial dispersion for the material boundaries.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; Contribution to Proceedings of "60 Years of the Casimir Effect", Brasilia, June 200

High-multipolar effects on the Casimir force: the non-retarded limit

We calculate exactly the Casimir force or dispersive force, in the non-retarded limit, between a spherical nanoparticle and a substrate beyond the London's or dipolar approximation. We find that the force is a non-monotonic function of the distance between the sphere and the substrate, such that, it is enhanced by several orders of magnitude as the sphere approaches the substrate. Our results do not agree with previous predictions like the Proximity theorem approach.Comment: 7 pages including 2 figures. Submitted to Europjysics Letter

Re-evaluation of the role of Indian germplasm as center of melon diversification based on genotyping-by-sequencing analysis

[EN] BackgroundThe importance of Indian germplasm as origin and primary center of diversity of cultivated melon is widely accepted. Genetic diversity of several collections from Indian has been studied previously, although an integrated analysis of these collections in a global diversity perspective has not been possible. In this study, a sample of Indian collections together with a selection of world-wide cultivars to analyze the genetic diversity structure based on Genotype by Sequence data.ResultsA set of 6158 informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in 175 melon accessions was generated. Melon germplasm could be classified into six major groups, in concordance with horticultural groups. Indian group was in the center of the diversity plot, with the highest genetic diversity. No strict genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated accessions was appreciated in this group. Genomic regions likely involved in the process of diversification were also found. Interestingly, some SNPs differentiating inodorus and cantalupensis groups are linked to Quantitiative Trait Loci involved in ripening behavior (a major characteristic that differentiate those groups). Linkage disequilibrium was found to be low (17kb), with more rapid decay in euchromatic (8kb) than heterochromatic (30kb) regions, demonstrating that recombination events do occur within heterochromatn, although at lower frequency than in euchromatin. Concomitantly, haplotype blocks were relatively small (59kb). Some of those haplotype blocks were found fixed in different melon groups, being therefore candidate regions that are involved in the diversification of melon cultivars.ConclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that India is the primary center of diversity of melon, Occidental and Far-East cultivars have been developed by divergent selection. Indian germplasm is genetically distinct from African germplasm, supporting independent domestication events. The current set of traditional Indian accessions may be considered as a population rather than a standard collection of fixed landraces with high intercrossing between cultivated and wild melons.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)-FEDER grant AGL2015-64625-C2-R to AJM (project conception, experiments, data acquisition and analysis, manuscript writing, publication costs), AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and the PROMETEO/2017/078 grant funded by Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport) to BP (project conception, provide samples and manuscript drafting). AD was supported by a Jae-Doc contract from CSIC (experiments and manuscript drafting).Gonzalo, M.; Díaz Bermúdez, A.; Dhillon, NPS.; Reddy, UK.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ. (2019). Re-evaluation of the role of Indian germplasm as center of melon diversification based on genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. 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LOESS utility for excel. Peltier Tech Blog. http://peltiertech.com/WordPress/loess-smoothing-in-excel . 2009

Casimir torque between corrugated metallic plates

We consider two parallel corrugated plates and show that a Casimir torque arises when the corrugation directions are not aligned. We follow the scattering approach and calculate the Casimir energy up to second order in the corrugation amplitudes, taking into account nonspecular reflections, polarization mixing and the finite conductivity of the metals. We compare our results with the proximity force approximation, which overestimates the torque by a factor 2 when taking the conditions that optimize the effect. We argue that the Casimir torque could be measured for separation distances as large as 1 $\mu{\rm m}.$Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, contribution to QFEXT07 proceeding

Three novel mutations in the CFTR gene identified in Galician patients

AbstractWe report three novel CFTR missense mutations detected in Spanish patients from Galicia (North West of Spain). In the first case, a patient homozygous for a novel S1045Y mutation died due to pulmonary problems. In the other two cases, both heterozygous for novel mutations combined with the F508del mutation, clinical symptoms were different depending on the mutation, detected as M595I and A107V

Spectral representation of the Casimir Force Between a Sphere and a Substrate

We calculate the Casimir force in the non-retarded limit between a spherical nanoparticle and a substrate, and we found that high-multipolar contributions are very important when the sphere is very close to the substrate. We show that the highly inhomegenous electromagnetic field induced by the presence of the substrate, can enhance the Casimir force by orders of magnitude, compared with the classical dipolar approximation.Comment: 5 page + 4 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let