High order vibration modes of glass embedded AgAu nanoparticles

High resolution low frequency Raman scattering measurements from embedded AgAu nanoparticles unveil efficient scattering by harmonics of both the quadrupolar and the spherical modes. Comparing the experimental data with theoretical calculations that account for both the embedding medium and the resonant Raman process enables a very complete description of the observed multiple components in terms of harmonics of both the quadrupolar and spherical modes, with a dominating Raman response from the former ones. It is found that only selected harmonics of the quadrupolar mode contribute significantly to the Raman spectra in agreement with earlier theoretical predictions.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

The category of «citizenship» as a pedagogical problem

The problem of citizenship of the population has been one of the main problems of civilized countries for a number of centuries. In modern geopolitical conditions in the Russian Federation this problem has acquired a special scientific and pedagogical status, which is supported by a number of legislative and public initiatives. The implementation of the strategy outlined by the state for the formation of citizenship among the younger generation will be facilitated by a complex of pedagogical influences in different educational environments. This circumstance has made it possible to formulate a scientific problem, which consists in the need for a theoretical substantiation of the definition of «citizenship» as a pedagogical category. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the essence of the category «citizenship» as a subject of pedagogical discourse based on the ideas of humanitarian knowledge. To achieve this goal, the following methods have been used: analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents, generalization, synthesis, logical modeling.The research results: scientific facts have been identified that reflect the features of approaches to substantiating the category of «citizenship»; the components of citizenship as a pedagogical category have been substantiated; the high significance of the pedagogical approach in comparison with existing approaches in the interpretation of the category under consideration has been proven.Key conclusions: «citizenship» has a diverse interpretation in modern humanitarian knowledge, most extrapolated in sociological and pedagogical research; the structural components of citizenship as a pedagogical category are cognitive, emotional, motivational-need, activity-based, and the result of its formation in young people is civic maturity. The system-forming factor in substantiating the concept of citizenship is the pedagogical approach, which forms the foundation of the substantiation, because lays down the vector and mechanisms for its formation in all institutions of socialization of the individual at all levels of education

A study of the hydration of lysozyme in neat organic solvents using isothermal calorimetry: Effect of water solvation

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Abstract The interaction enthalpies of the dried and hydrated lysozyme with neat organic solvents (DMSO, formamide, ethylene glycol, and methanol) were obtained at 25°C. These organic solvents represent a series of liquids in which the water solvation enthalpy is gradually changed over a wide range. The interaction enthalpies of the dried lysozyme with neat organic solvents are exothermic. At high water content, the interaction enthalpies are endothermic for formamide and exothermic for DMSO, methanol, and ethylene glycol. The dehydration enthalpies of lysozyme in organic liquids may be endothermic or exothermic depending on the initial water content and the water solvation enthalpy

Effect of water solvation on the heat effects of dehydration of alpha-chymotrypsin in organic solvents

© 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Enthalpy changes on the interaction of the dried and hydrated bovine pancreatic α-chymotrypsin (CT) with anhydrous organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formamide, ethylene glycol, and methanol) were measured by isothermal calorimetry at 25°C. Initial hydration level of CT was varied in a wide range of water content (from 0 to 0.3 g water/g enzyme). The interaction enthalpies of the dried CT with anhydrous organic solvents are exothermic. At high water content (more than 0.2 g water/g enzyme), the interaction enthalpies are endothermic for formamide and exothermic for DMSO, methanol, and ethylene glycol. These thermochemical data were analyzed to calculate the molar enthalpies of dehydration of the enzymes in organic liquids. The dehydration enthalpy changes may be endothermic or exothermic depending on the initial water content and the water solvation enthalpy value. The most important conclusions can be described as follows: (i) The solvation of water by hydrophilic organic solvent determines the changes in the dehydration enthalpy values; (ii) The data for the enthalpies of solvation of water by the solvent at infinite dilution reflect this effect

Heat effects of dehydration of human serum albuminin hydrophilic organic solvents

A thermochemical model for describing the transfer of water from the protein phase to the organic solvent liquid phase and for determining how the solvation ability of organic solvents affects this process was developed. Enthalpy changes on the interaction of dried and hydrated human serum albumin (HSA) with hydrophilic organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid) and water were measured by isothermal calorimetry at 25°C. The initial hydration level of human serum albumin was varied in the entire water content range from 0-30% g water/g HSA. The dependence of the interaction enthalpies on the initial water content is complex. The interaction enthalpies of the dried HSA with organic solvents are exothermic. At low water contents (less than 0.1 g/g), there is a sharp increase in the interaction enthalpy values. At the highest water contents (more than 0.2 g/g), the interaction enthalpies are endothermic for acetic acid and formamide and exothermic for DMSO, methanol, and ethanol. These thermochemical data were analyzed in conjunction with the results for the water adsorption in organic solvents to calculate the molar enthalpies of dehydration of HSA in organic liquids. It was found that the dehydration enthalpy changes may be endothermic or exothermic depending on the initial water content and the water solvation enthalpy value. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that: (i) only the solvation of water by hydrophilic organic solvent determines the changes in the dehydration enthalpy values, and (ii) the data for the enthalpies of solvation of water by the solvent at infinite dilution reflect this effect. © Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Asymmetry of spin wave dispersions in a hexagonal magnonic crystal

PublishedJournal ArticleWe report a study of the dispersion of spin waves in a hexagonal array of interacting ferromagnetic nanodisks for two orthogonal orientations of the in-plane applied magnetic field, i.e., either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of first neighbour disks. The experimental data were modelled using the dynamical matrix method, and the results were interpreted in terms of the effective wave vector model. We have found that spin waves propagating in the two orthogonal directions exhibit marked asymmetry concerning the existence of maxima/minima in their dispersion curves and the sign of their group velocities. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.This work was supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement Nos. 228673 (MAGNONICS) and 233552 (DYNAMAG) and by MIUR-PRIN 2010-11 Project 2010ECA8P3 “DyNanoMag.” V.V.K. also acknowledges funding received from EPSRC of the UK under project EP/E055087/1

Asymmetry of spin wave dispersions in a hexagonal magnonic crystal

We report a study of the dispersion of spin waves in a hexagonal array of interacting ferromagnetic nanodisks for two orthogonal orientations of the in-plane applied magnetic field, i.e., either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of first neighbour disks. The experimental data were modelled using the dynamical matrix method, and the results were interpreted in terms of the effective wave vector model. We have found that spin waves propagating in the two orthogonal directions exhibit marked asymmetry concerning the existence of maxima/minima in their dispersion curves and the sign of their group velocities

Corporate programs of mortgage lending on the example of Russian Railways

В данной статье говориться о корпоративной поддержке от ОАО «РЖД» для своих сотрудников на выгодных условиях.This article speaks about corporate support from Russian Railways for its employees on favorable terms