20 research outputs found
Neutrino propagation in matter using the wave packet approach
We study the oscillations and conversions of relativistic neutrinos
propagating in matter of variable density using the wave packet formalism. We
show how the oscillation and coherence lengths are modified in comparison with
the case of oscillations in vacuum. Secondly, we demonstrate how the equation
of motion for two neutrino flavors can be formally solved for almost arbitrary
density profile. We calculate finally how the use of wave packets alters the
nonadiabatic level crossing probabilities. For the most common physical
environments the corrections due to the width of the wave packet do not lead to
observable effects.Comment: 21 pages, LATEX, no figure
Firm and industry level profit efficiency analysis under incomplete price data: A nonparametric approach based on absolute and uniform shadow prices
We discuss the nonparametric approach to profit efficiency analysis at the firm and industry levels in the absence of complete price information. Two new insights are developed. First, we measure profit inefficiency in monetary terms using absolute shadow prices. Second, we evaluate all firms using the same input-output prices. This allows us to aggregate firm-level profit inefficiencies to the overall industry inefficiency. Besides the measurement of profit losses, the presented approach enables one to recover absolute price information from quantity data. We conduct a series of Monte Carlo simulations to study the performance of the proposed approach in controlled production environments