Laser applications in thin-film photovoltaics

We review laser applications in thin-film photovoltaics (thin-film Si, CdTe, and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells). Lasers are applied in this growing field to manufacture modules, to monitor Si deposition processes, and to characterize opto-electrical properties of thin films. Unlike traditional panels based on crystalline silicon wafers, the individual cells of a thin-film photovoltaic module can be serially interconnected by laser scribing during fabrication. Laser scribing applications are described in detail, while other laser-based fabrication processes, such as laser-induced crystallization and pulsed laser deposition, are briefly reviewed. Lasers are also integrated into various diagnostic tools to analyze the composition of chemical vapors during deposition of Si thin films. Silane (SiH4), silane radicals (SiH3, SiH2, SiH, Si), and Si nanoparticles have all been monitored inside chemical vapor deposition systems. Finally, we review various thin-film characterization methods, in which lasers are implemente

Versatile thin-film photovoltaic laser scribing system

We present a laser scribing system for mid-size photovoltaic modules (up to 410 × 520 mm2) implementing a movable diode-pumped solid state laser. In this configuration, the heavy large-area photovoltaic module does not need to be displaced, allowing for faster and overall more compact industrial systems. Furthermore, in the vicinity of the thin-film, critical beam parameters such as the depth of focus are kept constant throughout the scribing process

Laser applications in thin-film photovoltaics

We review laser applications in thin-film photovoltaics (thin-film Si, CdTe, and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells). Lasers are applied in this growing field to manufacture modules, to monitor Si deposition processes, and to characterize opto-electrical properties of thin films. Unlike traditional panels based on crystalline silicon wafers, the individual cells of a thin-film photovoltaic module can be serially interconnected by laser scribing during fabrication. Laser scribing applications are described in detail, while other laserbased fabrication processes, such as laser-induced crystallization and pulsed laser deposition, are briefly reviewed. Lasers are also integrated into various diagnostic tools to analyze the composition of chemical vapors during deposition of Si thin films. Silane (SiH4), silane radicals (SiH3, SiH2, SiH, Si), and Si nanoparticles have all been monitored inside chemical vapor deposition systems. Finally, we review various thin-film characterization methods, in which lasers are implemented

Temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents: A review

International audienceBackground: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are generally observed in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 years. TMD have also been described in children and adolescents but are still not widely detected and treated in routine practice. Through a literature review, this work aims to improve the diagnosis and management of TMD in children and adolescents by dentists. Methods: This literature review was performed by a computerized search of the database PubMed for published articles on TMD in children and adolescents. Articles evaluating the prevalence, etiologies and risk factors, diagnosis, signs, and symptoms as well as the comorbidities of TMD, published between 2001 and 2022, were included in this review. Results: A total of 51 articles were included. Most of studies reported a prevalence of over 20%, with a higher prevalence in females. The two most common diagnoses were myofascial pain and disk displacement with reduction. Headaches were often associated with the condition. The management of TMD in children and adolescents has been poorly studied. Conclusion: TMD frequently affect children and adolescents. Therefore, for prevention purposes, an examination of the masticatory system should be included in the dental check-up. Early diagnosis is essential in order to limit effects on their growth, development, and quality of life. TMD management is not currently validated for children and adolescents. Noninvasive and reversible care should be preferred. and COPY; 2023 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Assessment of biochemical methods to detect enzymatic depolymerization of polysaccharides

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Recent Progress on Correcting Components (useful for ELTs) at CILAS

Recent progresses on correcting components at CILAS are exposed: the first one is relative to a 3.5 mm spacing, 28x28 order demonstrator for small pitch concave or convex deformable mirrors designed, manufactured and tested in the scope of feasibility study for the E-ELT MCAO module. The second one is relative to a 1 mm spacing, 50x50 order deformable mirror prototype. This prototyping allows the validation of some main important steps of manufacturing very high order deformable mirrors. This new piezo array family called “miniDM” uses transverse piezo-electrical effect. The last one is relative to a Tip/Tilt Mount prototype that has been designed and manufactured for the Narrow Field Infrared Adaptive Optics System (NFIRAOS), which is the MCAO system of the TMT. The system shows large angular stroke and bandwidth while supporting a heavy deformable mirror

Active control of a large deformable mirror for future E-ELT

International audienceIncreasing dimensions of ground based telescopes and adaptive optics needs for these instruments require wide deformable mirrors with a high number of actuators to compensate the effects of the atmospheric turbulence on the wave fronts. The new dimensions and characteristics of these deformable mirrors lead to the apparition of structural vibrations, which may reduce the rejection band width of the adaptive optics control loop. The aim of this paper is the study of the dynamic behavior of a 1-meter prototype of E-ELT's deformable mirror in order to identify its eigenmodes and to propose some ways to control its vibrations. We first present the first eigenmodes of the structure determined by both finite element analysis and experimental modal analysis. Then we present the frequency response of the prototype to a tilt excitation to estimate the effects of its vibrations on the adaptive optics loop. Finally we suggest a method to control the dynamics of the deformable mirror

Modeling of a large deformable mirror for future E-ELT

International audienceIncreasing dimensions of ground based telescopes while implementing Adaptive Optics systems to cancel both structural deformations and atmospheric effects require very large diameters deformable mirrors (DM) and a high number of actuators with large strokes. This has led for the future E-ELT to a 2.5 m diameter DM getting about 8000 actuators. This paper presents a local and a global model of the DM in order to both study its influence function and its dynamical behavior. In the first part, influence function of the mirror is calculated. Results obtained by an analytical way are compared to those obtained numerically. In the second part, modal analysis of the mirror is presented. Results are limited to the first modes. Modal analysis is also only made for the base plate to derive the specific influence of DM's components on the global dynamic behavior. In the last part, optimization methods are used to help designing a 1 m prototype of the DM

Free-radical depolymerization with metallic catalysts of an exopolysaccharide produced by a bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid

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Development of scandium-exopolysaccharide complexes as a theranostic tool in bone oncology

International audienceThe anti-metastatic properties of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) derivative produced by a deep-sea hydrothermal bacterium, Alteromonas infernus, were favourably evaluated on bone remodeling [1]