Oral Myiasis: a review

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues, organs of living vertebrate, animals and humans by certain dipterans fly larvae which feed on the host’s tissues and body fluids, often causing extensive damage to the host tissues if left untreated. Oral Myiasis is a rare pathology and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesions, severe halitosis. It arises from invasion of body tissues or cavities of living animals by maggots or larvae of certain species of flies. It occurs in tropical areas with poor living conditions and insufficient public and personal hygiene. Mouth-breathing during sleep, alcoholism, mental handicap, cerebral palsy and hemiplegia may facilitate the development of myiasis. The commonest clinical manifestations of myiasis infestation include inflammatory and allergic reactions. Ear, eye and respiratory tract infestations are also frequently encountered. Human myiasis may affect the skin, bones, intestines and body cavities. Treatment consists of manual removal of maggots, broad spectrum antibiotics and oral therapy with Ivermecti

To compare intrapartum cardiotocographic (CTG) recording with conventional intermittent fetal heart auscultation during labor

Standard evaluation of fetal well-being during labor includes the periodic assessment of the fetal heart rate (FHR), its pattern and response to intrapartum stimuli and events. Effective methods of evaluation and meaningful interpretation of FHR data range from non-invasive techniques like Intermittent Auscultation, continuous electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring to invasive techniques of fetal blood gas analysis and fetal ECG

Soft tissue cephalometric analysis applied to Himachali ethnic population

Introduction: The modern society considers facial attractiveness as an important physical attribute. The great variance in soft tissue drape of the human face complicates accurate assessment of the soft tissue profile, and it is a known fact that facial features of different ethnic groups differ significantly. This study was undertaken to establish norms for Himachali ethnic population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position of 100 normal individuals (50 males, 50 females). The cephalograms were analyzed by Arnett soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Student's t-test was used to compare the means of the two groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between Himachali males and females in certain key parameters. Males have thicker soft tissue structures and a more acute nasolabial angle than females. Males have longer faces and females have greater interlabial gap and maxillary incisor exposure. Males have more deep-set facial structures than females. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between Himachali males and females in certain key parameters. Differences were also noted between other ethnic groups and Himachali faces

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid – A Case Report

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic vesiculo-bullous eruptions, predominantly on mucous membranes but occasionally on the skin. The diagnosis is hard to achieve due to similarity in clinical picture with other vesiculo-bullous lesions such as pemphigus or bullous pemphigoid, thereby, posing a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. Histopathology can confirm the diagnosis; however, corticosteroids can be started to relieve the symptoms while confirmatory reports are not available as it is common treatment for most mucosal lesions. After histopathology report, if diagnosis of MMP is established, anti-leprotic drug can be started along with corticosteroids. We report a case of MMP in a 43 year-old female who presented with difficulty in eating and pain in her mouth (buccal mucosa). Skin lesions were also present on legs and shoulder. Oral mucosal lesions were managed with anti-leprotic drug (dapsone), and topical and systemic corticosteroids. Such approaches not only result in immediate relief of symptoms and improved clinical outcomes but also provide a better quality of life for patients

Oligohydramnios maternal & fetal outcome in pregnant females

Oligohydramnios is considered to be one of the most common complication diagnosed more frequently these days due to frequent usage of ultrasonography. Due to oligohydramnios , risk of intrapartum complications, perinatalmorbidity and mortality increases. The aims of this study are to study the maternal and fetal effects ofoligohydramnios, to evaluate the causesof oligohydramnios and to evaluate the perinatal morbidity andmortality

Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma: A Case Report

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a rare variant of ameloblastoma. Up until now, less than 150 patients have been reported in the literature. We report a case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in a 45-year-old female with a painless swelling in the left anterior maxillary region. Fine needle aspiration yielded no fluid. Periapical and panoramic radiographs as well as computer tomography scan showed a mixed lesion with multilocular appearance. The present case deserves special importance because of its unfamiliar appearance, potentially aggressive nature and high chances of misdiagnosis. Moreover, the radiographic features of this lesion rarely point towards ameloblastoma. A partial maxillectomy for tumor resection was performed and the involved teeth were removed. This report is an attempt to help the dental community in developing familiarity with the clinical presentation and at the same time advocating to develop a high index of suspicion in recognizing such cases

Study of Factors associated with anaemia in pregnant females belonging to rural Haryana

Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder found in about 56% of all women living in developing countries as per World Health Organization. It is the second most common cause in India and is responsible for 20% of total maternal deaths. Aims and Objectives: To study the factors associated with anemia in pregnant females and To study the prevalence of anaemia in rural pregnant women. Material and Methods:538 participants were interviewed by using a pre- structured and pretested questionnaire including prime gravida, second gravida and> second gravida over a period of 1year from November 2015 to November 2016 in a tertiary care centre in district Sonipat, Haryana. Anaemia was classified as per the World Health Organization (WHO) grading criteria which is taken as 11g/dl anaemia in pregnancy which is further classified in to mild anaemia (haemoglobin 10-10.9 g/dl), moderate anaemia (haemoglobin7.0-9.9 g/dl) and severe anemia (haemoglobin <7 g/dL as per WHO. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Inclusion criteria: The study subjects of age< 20 years to 30 and > 30 years were included. the prevalence of anaemia was observed in all the three trimesters. Exclusion criteria: Females with history of recent blood transfusion, chronic renal disease and ante partum haemorrhage were excluded. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard haemoglobin estimation by Sahli’s method. Results: Among 538 subjects, the prevalence of anemia was found to be 58.48% classified in mild, moderate & severe categories. Mother‘s age, parity, education, socio-economic status, and dietary habits were found to be highly significant factors associated with maternal anemia. Other factors like family structure, size and attainment of menarche were found to be of least significance so far anemia is concerned Conclusion: High prevalence of anemia (59.3) calls for strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme

Waste-Based Surface Modification to Enhance Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Bronze Alloy

Aluminium bronze alloys are well known for their superior abrasion, tensile strength and non-magnetic properties, due to the co-presence of iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) as alloying elements and have been commonly used in many industrial applications. However, continuous exposure to the marine environment will accelerate the risk of a tendency to Al bronze alloys parts failures. Although a higher level of corrosion resistance properties can be achieved by modifying its elemental composition, it will come at a price through the complex manufacturing process and increases the risk of reducing the ductility of Al bronze alloy. In this research, the use of ironmaking slag and waste plastic as the input source for surface modification of Al bronze alloy was implemented. Microstructural analysis conducted using polarised light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that is equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). An electrochemical corrosion test was carried out through Tafel polarisation method and calculation of protection efficiency against the base-material was determined. Results have indicated that uniform modified surface which is as the result of selective diffusion process, has enhanced corrosion resistance properties up to 12.67%. This approach has opened a new opportunity to access various industrial utilisations in commercial scale through minimising the dependency on natural resources by transforming waste sources into the protective coating in environmentally friendly and cost-effective ways

Case report: laparoscopic management of a giant ovarian cyst

Ovarian cysts are of common occurrence in women but sometimes they acquire huge sizes and need to be differentiated meticulously from malignancy. Correct diagnosis can usually be made by clinical examination and use of diagnostic modalities like ultrasonography, CECT abdomen and biochemical markers. Management varies from case to case and includes both conservative and surgical modalities

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis: A review article

Background: Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by transposition of organs to the opposite side of the body. Diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis in such cases pose a challenge to the operating surgeon because of an atypical clinical picture and the contra lateral disposition of the viscera. Methods: A literature search using the PubMed and Cochrane databases identified articles focusing on the key issues of laparoscopy cholecystectomy in situs inversus. Conclusions: Without doubt, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in these patients is technically more demanding but still feasible and should be performed by trained and experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Difficulty is encountered in skeletonizing the structures in Calot's triangle, which usually requires extra time than in patients with a normally located gall bladder. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2016; 5(3.000): 169-176