Low Voltage Floating Gate MOS Transistor Based Four-Quadrant Multiplier

This paper presents a four-quadrant multiplier based on square-law characteristic of floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS) in saturation region. The proposed circuit uses square-difference identity and the differential voltage squarer proposed by Gupta et al. to implement the multiplication function. The proposed multiplier employs eight FGMOS transistors and two resistors only. The FGMOS implementation of the multiplier allows low voltage operation, reduced power consumption and minimum transistor count. The second order effects caused due to mobility degradation, component mismatch and temperature variations are discussed. Performance of the proposed circuit is verified at ±0.75 V in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS, BSIM3 and Level 49 technology by using Cadence Spectre simulator

Relationship between Horizontal Flow Velocity and Cell Lifetime for Supergranulation

A study of 50 supergranular cells obtained from SOHO Dopplergrams was undertaken in order to investigate the relationship between the lifetime ($T$) and the horizontal flow velocity ($v_h$) of the cells. For this sample we find that the two parameters are correlated with a relation $v_h\propto T^{0.5}$ and $T$ is identified with the eddy turn-over time. This is in agreement with the turbulent convective model of the solar atmosphere where the velocity spectrum of supergranular field given by '$v_h \propto L^{1/3}$' can be identified with the Kolmogorov spectrum for the eddy size $L$.Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France

Spin-charge and spin-orbital coupling effects on spin dynamics in ferromagnetic manganites

Correlation-induced spin-charge and spin-orbital coupling effects on spin dynamics in ferromagnetic manganites are calculated with realistic parameters in order to provide a quantitative comparison with experimental results for spin stiffness, magnon dispersion, magnon damping, anomalous zone-boundary magnon softening, and Curie temperature. The role of orbital degeneracy, orbital ordering, and orbital correlations on spin dynamics in different doping regimes is highlighted.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure

Effect of Implantation Temperature on the Layer Exfoliation of H-implanted Germanium

This work describes the influence of implantation temperature on the layer exfoliation of the H-implanted Ge substrate. For the implantation at RT, post-implantation annealing showed large exfoliated regions over the sample surface. Two depths of the exfoliated regions were observed with average values of about 654 and 856 nm from the top of the H-implanted surface. In the H-implanted Ge at 300 °C, exfoliation occurred in the as-implanted state in the form of surface craters. The average depth of these craters was measured to be about 890 nm from the surface. Simulation results showed that the depth of the exfoliated regions was either located near to the damage peak or away from the H-peak depending upon the implantation temperature. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3099

Growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of winter popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.) as influenced by planting time fertility level and plant population under late sown condition

The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications, assigning in 27 treatment combinations i.e. three sowing dates of Pop corn (Zea mays everta Sturt.)cv. V.L. Amber (15 Dec, 30 Dec and 15 Jan) arranged in main plots and three level of plant population (60000, 80000 and 100,000 plants ha-1) in sub plot. Three level of fertility (100:50:50, 150:65:65 and 200:85:85 kg of N: P2O5: K2O ha-1) apportioned in sub-sub plots at the Research farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi (U.P.) during late winter (rabi) seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to study the influenced of planting time, fertility level and plant population on yield attributes, grain yield and economics of winter popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.) under late sown condition. The popcorn sown on 15th December recorded highest plant height, leaf-area index, dry matter, popcorn growth rate, yield attributes and yield of pop corn were significantly (P<0.05) affected and recorded highest benefit cost ratio (3.78). While, the maintenance of 80,000 popcorn plants/ha proved optimum for pop corn as it significantly (P<0.05) recorded highest number of kernel cob-1,grain yield (32.61 q/ha) and shelling percentage against density of 60,000 plants, while remained at par in straw yield over 100,000 plants. Application of 200: 85: 85 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha significantly (P<0.05) increased growth, yield attributes and grain yield over 100: 50: 50 and 150: 65: 65 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha and fetched the highest B: C ratio (3.14)