Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on enzymatic activity and zinc uptake under direct seeded rice system

The application of treatment T3 (Glomus mosseae + 100 % RDF NK) produced significantly more root volume by 72.60 %, 17.80 %, 12.25 %, 14.13 % over the application of treatment T1 (Control), treatment T5 (Glomus coronatum+ 100 % RDF NK), T6 (Gigasporadecipein + 100 % RDF NK) and T7 (BAU AM-1(Glomus sp + 100 % RDF NK), respectively. Similar trend shows at harvesting stage, here the maximum root volume (23c.c) was recorded by the application of T3 (Glomus mosseae + 100 % RDF NK). Maximum AM colonization and spore count was observed at panicle initiation stage with the application of treatment T3 (Glomus mosseae + 100 % RDF NK). This treatment also gave maximum dehydrogenase activity (55.86 µg TPF g-1 24 hr-1), acid phosphatase activity (0.299 mg PNP g-1 hr-1) and alkaline phosphatase activity (0.54 mg PNP g-1 hr-1) at panicle initiation stage. Application of treatment T3 (Glomus mosseae + 100 % RDF NK) significantly increased DTPA extractable Zn in soil and Zn content in plant when compared with all the treatments except treatment T6 (Gigasporadecipien+ 100 % RDF NK). The maximum zinc uptake (0.056 mg pot-1) by grain was recorded under treatment T3 (Glomus mosseae + 100 % RDF NK) followed by application of treatment T6 (Gigasporadecipien + 100 % N and K). Highest grain yield (14.08 g pot-1) was found with the treatment T3 (Glomus mosseae + 100 % RDF NK). As evident from the results, the AM fungal inoculation can effectively modify the soil microbe population and community structure by increasing the soil enzymatic activities and significantly increased the zinc uptake by grain in direct seeded rice (DSR)

THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE MIND: EVALUATING THE INTERFACE OF BIODIVERSITY AND MENTAL WELLNESS THROUGH GREEN PSYCHO-CHEMISTRY

This abstract offers a succinct summary of a thorough investigation into the complex interrelationships between biodiversity, psychological well-being, and the newly developing discipline of green psycho-chemistry. There is a growing understanding of the significance of natural surroundings and their ability to have a positive impact on mental health as society struggles with the rising prevalence of mental health illnesses. This research explores the holistic effects of the variety of plant and microbial life within ecosystems on the functioning of the human mind. The multidisciplinary study examines the psychotropic substances made by various plant and microbial species. It draws on ecology, psychology, and chemistry. It tries to learn how these substances could improve mental health, lessen stress, and lessen the signs of mental health issues. The process includes a lot of laboratory analysis, psychological testing, and fieldwork. As they investigate various ecosystems, researchers will take samples of microbes and plants in order to separate and examine bioactive chemicals. Participants will also take part in controlled experiments to assess the advantages of exposure to these substances for mental health, taking into account aspects like stress reduction, mood enhancement, and cognitive performance. The study will also evaluate the cultural and socioeconomic elements that affect how people perceive and use natural areas to better their mental health. Additionally, it will look at the moral and environmental ramifications of using biodiversity for psycho-chemical purposes. The results of this study have the potential to revolutionize methods for fostering psychological well-being by underlining the critical function that ecosystems play in doing so. The research may also pave the way for the creation of brand-new therapeutic approaches and environmentally friendly medicines that draw inspiration from nature. In the end, this research advances our knowledge of the intricate interactions between the environment and the human mind, paving the way for a more comprehensive and long-lasting approach to mental health care

Keyword Based Search and its Limitations in the Patent Document to Secure the Idea from its Infringement

AbstractIntellectual Properties (IP's) are attracting progressively growing popularity for corporate houses and the academia in the current years. Patent system is one of them which generate high economical values of the IP rights. This in turn calls for the increased work responsibility of patent prior art search to generate effective patent search reports for the innovator (s). In the field of patent innovations, prior knowledge of innovative steps of the technologies developed so far must be known to innovator (s). In the present research work, technology/ patent search based on keywords has been investigated to arrive at the usefulness of the methodology particularly for the case of patent documents. The present paper helps to figure out the limitations and the scope of the methodology for patent prior art search based on extent of the keywords

Nutritional assessment of rural children (6–12 years) of north bihar: A cross-sectional study

Objective: Malnutrition is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescent throughout the world. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status in terms of the prevalence of stunting and thinness among rural children of North Bihar. Methods: The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1263 rural children (674 male and 589 female) with the age group of 6–12 years, during the period from January 2018 to March 2018. Age was recorded in completed year; height and weight were measured in centimeter and kilogram, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using standard equation. Results: The nutritional status in terms of the prevalence of stunting and thinness was found to be 18.2% and 23.8%, respectively, among studied children. Stunting was significantly higher among girls (23.1%) in comparison to boys (13.9%). BMI was significantly associated with age, socioeconomic status and mother’s literacy. Conclusions: Anthropometric assessment indicates that the malnutrition is still a major problem among children (6–12 years) of North Bihar. The major factors identified for this problem is illiteracy of mother and socioeconomic status of the family

A Case Report of Nephrotic Syndrome with Anasarca in 3-Year-Old Girl

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most commonly encountered glomerular diseases in the child. One of the major problems in this disorder is hyper coagulopathy and increased risk of thrombosis. The cause of thrombosis is related to an imbalance of coagulation and anticoagulation factors. A 3-year-old female patient admitted in the pediatric ward with chief complaints is swelling over the face, hand, and legs from 10-12 days and mild pain in the abdomen 2-3 episode. While there are several more common causes of abdominal pain in children with nephrotic syndrome. This study reports that swelling over the face, hand, and legs. If Patients can take proper medication they can decrease the edema and improve their condition. Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Anasarca, Edem

TRIGLYCERIDES VARIATIONS AMONG THE BLOOD OF ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC PEOPLES FROM DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA

Diabetes is a set of various disorders characterizes by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, due to the insufficiency of insulin and/or impaired effectiveness of insulin action. It is observed that every population in this world suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and other forms of glucose intolerance, mainly Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT). The present study estimates the Triglycerides variations among the blood of alcoholic and non-alcoholic peoples from different states of India. The study includes North Indian states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. Plasma Triglycerides level in female and male subjects of Bihar were found 182.63±32.24 and 143.52±11.18 respectively. The mean of Plasma Triglycerides Level in Uttar Pradesh Control nonalcoholic subjects was found to be 235.46±9.46 years. The difference in Plasma triglycerides in Rajasthan Control alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects were 120.00±0.00 years (Mean ± SE) and 166.68±10.76 (Mean ± SE) respectively

Relationship of postpartum interval to estrus, body condition score, milk yield and blood biochemical parameters in Surti buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The aim of the present investigation was to find out the relationship among postpartum interval to estrus, body condition score, milk yield and blood biochemical parameters of Surti buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The study was conducted on sixteen clinically healthy Surti buffaloes (parity 1-7) with normal parturition. These animals were divided into two groups on the basis of their postpartum interval to estrus (PPIE). Group 1 animals had PPIE ? 50 days whereas group 2 had PPIE > 50 days. Body condition score (BCS), milk yield and Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on days starting from 6th day after calving thereafter at fortnight interval till 90th day postpartum. Blood serum parameters such as glucose, total protein, blood urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, progesterone and estrogen were measured. Perusal of data revealed that animals having higher BCS on the day of estrus had significantly (P?0.05) shorter PPIE. There was non-significant effect of daily and cumulative 100 days milk yield on PPIE. Serum concentration of glucose and creatinine was significantly (P?0.05) higher for group 1 animals at most of the stages. There was non-significant difference between serum concentration of total protein, blood urea nitrogen and cholesterol between both the groups. Progesterone and Estradiol-17 ? concentrations were significantly (P?0.05) higher in group 1 animals than group 2 animals at different stages of this study

Molecular cloning of HSP17 gene (sHSP) and their differential expression under exogenous putrescine and heat shock in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight ubiquitous nitrogenous compounds found in all the living  organisms, which have been implicated in the expression of various stress-proteins against the abiotic  stresses. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are of particular importance in the thermotolerance and have  been reported to act as molecular chaperones preventing denaturation or aggregation of the target proteins. Here, we report cloning of a small HSP of ~573 bp from C-306 cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L), having open reading frame of 162 amino acids. In silico analysis showed the presence of an alpha crystalline domain (ACD), the signature domain for small HSPs. Consensus localization prediction (ConLoc) provides 98%  consensus prediction of HSP17 in the nucleus. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of HSP17 gene showed maximum (34 fold) transcript in C-306 and minimum (1.5 fold) in HD2329  cultivars of wheat in response to differential treatment of putrescine (1.5 to 2.5 mM + heat shock of 42°C for 2 h). Putrescine seems to enhance the transcript levels against the heat shock much more pronounced in  thermotolerant than in the susceptible cultivars.Key words: Triticum aestivum, heat stress, small heat shock protein, putrescine, HSP17, polyamine, domain, cloning

Utilization of Iron Ore Tailings for Brick Manufacture from Donimalai Mines of Karnataka, India

Mixing iron tailings with cement, sand and sodium silicate for manufacturing bricks was studied with the objective of converting the iron ore tailing waste into value-added products. Bricks were prepared using different compositions of iron tailings with proportions of Ordinary Portland Cement, sodium silicate and sand in cuboid mould (9″ X 5″X 3″). Bricks were air dried for 24 hours, placed in oven for 115 ± 10 °C for 24 hours. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength (CS), water absorption (WA), and efflorescence were measured. The maximum CS of 8.58 N/mm2 was recorded for tailing and cement ratios of 8:2. However, for making it more economical the ratio of 9:1 was considered and this compares very well with the Indian standard (IS): 3495 (Part 1) (1992) of bricks. The results also indicated that the tailing percentage in the bricks affects their mechanical properties. The WA rates of the manufactured bricks are low compared to standard fired clay bricks, and the same varies with process parameters. The low capillary pore may deter the formation of efflorescence. The process, with standardized parameters, may be commercially adapted, and large quantities of iron ore tailings may be put to use in making bricks. Thus, the process technology observed in this paper can potentially convert the huge amount of environmentally hazardous waste into value added product. Iron ore tailing may materialize as a sustainable supplement to soil's clay, use of which in brick making is restricted. The finding also usher a new area of research

Mechanism of action of hydrogen peroxide in wheat thermotolerance - interaction between antioxidant isoenzymes, proline and cell membrane

Terminal heat stress causes an array of physiological, biochemical and morphological changes in plants, which affect plant growth and development. It has very severe effect on the pollen viability and seed setting in wheat. In the present investigation, an altered expression of H2O2 (0.9 μg/g in C-306 and 0.75 μg/g in HD2329) was observed with the highest accumulation at seed hardening stage and against heat shock (HS) of 42°C for 2 h. With the increase in H2O2 accumulation, an increase in the number of isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed with high activities under differential heat shock. A decrease in the proline accumulation was observed under differential heat shock. Exogenous application of H2O2 (10 mmole/L) leads to increase in the accumulation of intracellular H2O2 and further an increase in the number of isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was observed. The tolerant cultivar was more responsive to exogenous application of H2O2 compared to susceptible cultivar. The percentage decrease in cell membrane stability under differential heat shock was low in H2O2 treated plants compared to non-treated. The results from this study suggest a potential role for H2O2 in regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of proline inside cells and in turn influence the cell membrane stability under heat stress. All the defense associated genes were observed to be very responsive to intracellular H2O2, which gives inference that H2O2 has regulatory role to play in controlling the expression and activities of these proteins under abiotic stresses.Key words: Antioxidant enzymes, wheat, heat stress, H2O2, proline, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cell membrane stability, reactive oxygen species