INDIVIDUAL LEVEL PREDICTORS OF EMOTIONAL LABOR STRATEGIES AND THEIR DIFFERENTIAL OUTCOMES OVER TIME: ROLE OF LEADER BEHAVIOR.

In this longitudinal study, I evaluate the role of individual level cultural values of power distance, collectivism, and femininity in predicting individuals' emotional labor strategies. Additionally, I identify the differential effects of deep acting and surface acting on outcomes. I also test for the moderating role of leader behaviors on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. I begin with a qualitative research phase to identify the leader behaviors that influence the relationship between emotional labor strategies and outcomes. Then I use a survey-based field study to test my model where I collected data from 198 individuals at time 1 and one month later at time 2. I also collected matching data on performance from their supervisors at both time 1 and time 2. Results demonstrate that individuals who are high on collectivism tend to engage in emotional labor and surface acting more than individuals who are low on collectivism. I did not find support for the hypotheses relating power distance and femininity with emotional labor strategies. Surface acting had a positive impact on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization at time 1 and time 2. Deep acting had a positive impact on job satisfaction at time 1 and time 2. However, deep acting had a negative impact on job performance at time 2. Several leader behaviors such as leader inclusiveness, empowering leadership, and leader positive emotional expression interacted with surface acting and deep acting to predict emotional exhaustion and satisfaction at time 1 and time 2.Psychological safety interacted with surface and deep acting to predict emotional exhaustion at time 1 and time 2. I discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings

Training need assessment of nursing personnel as super specialty tertiary care hospitals in Northern India

Background - Super specialty tertiary care hospital equips nurses with the requisite knowledge and skills to deliver high quality care in their practice areas. This has necessitated adopting a structured approach to the training needs assessment (TNA) to identify the development needs of the nursing workforce at a tertiary care centre. This study involves Micro Level – Task/Job analysis i.e. identifies and describes all the skills performed by employees in a particular job and the knowledge, skills, attitudes and other behaviours needed for successful job performance. Aim and objectives: The study explores the training needs of nursing personnel at super specialty tertiary care hospital in northern India by analyzing the areas of knowledge and skills deficit as perceived by the nurses and assessing the expectations of doctors, about the role of nurses and deficiencies in their current knowledge, skills Design: Structured questionnaire based descriptive cross sectional study Methods: A set of questionnaire were framed using core competencies of nurses listed by Massachusetts department of higher education and nursing council of Hongkong and A questionnaire based descriptive cross sectional study among nurses, faculty, senior residents and patients were done. Results: The total sample collected for the study was 274 which included 19 faculty, 44 senior résidents, 211 nurses. Training needs identified to be further developed for Grade II and grade I nurses both by nurses and doctors are maximum in patient care and research domain followed by managerial/administrative and communication domain. Training needs agreed to be promoted for ANS’s are maximum in managerial/ administrative and communication domain. Training needs recognized for DNS’s /NS/CNO are maximum in managerial/ administrative and research domain followed by communication domain Conclusion – This study reflects the training need assessment of nurses in a super specialty tertiary care hospita

Design and Evaluation of High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Double Layer With Air Gap

Wireless technology is one of the main areas of research in the world of communication and a study of communication system is incomplete without understanding the operation of an antenna. Recent trends of wireless mobile communication technology are towards the miniaturization and demand for more robust and compact designs. This paper proposed a low cost, efficient, high gain and wideband Microstrip Antenna (MSA) using rectangular patch for wireless applications. In this paper an attempt is made to optimise and fabricate a double layer RMSA with air gap to obtain a high gain antenna operating over a 2.4-2.483 GHz ISM band. It consist of double sided copper ensure using one side as ground plane and other side as feed network. By inserting an air gap between radiating and ground planes. The air gap reduces both the electric field concentration on the lossy epoxy and the effective dielectric constant of the radiating plane. This structure is low cost, easy for fabrication and FR4 is used which is easily available substrate with permittivity 4.4, height 1.59 mm and loss tangent of 0.02. The structure is optimised using Zeland IE3D version 14.10. The optimised MSA provides a maximum gain of about 8.6 dBi with less than 1dBi gain variation over the operating frequency band, RL 18 dB and efficiency > 75% . The close similarity between simulation results and fabricated results has been observed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150317

A Review of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Indian Retailing

Retailing is the largest private industry in India and second largest employer in the Indian economy. At present, Indi

A compendium of Technologies, Practices, Services and Policies for Scaling Climate Smart Agriculture in Odisha (India)

Stakeholders engaged in agricultural research for development (AR4D) are increasingly tackling risks associated with climate change in smallholder systems. Accordingly, development and scaling of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) are one of the priorities for all the organizations, departments and ministries associated with the farm sector. Having a ‘one-stop-shop’ compiled in the format of a compendium for CSA technologies, practices and services would therefore serve a guide for all the stakeholders for scaling CSA in smallholder systems. Bringing out a Compendium on Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) for Odisha, India was therefore thought of during the workshop on ‘Scaling Climate-Smart Agriculture in Odisha’ organized at Bhubaneswar on 18-19 July 2018 by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in collaboration with Department of Agriculture (DoA) & Farmers’ Empowerment, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT) & International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) under the aegis of CGIAR Research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The main objectives to bring forth this compendium are: to argue the case for agriculture policies and practices that are climate-smart; to raise awareness of what can be done to make agriculture policies and practices climatesmart; and to provide practical guidance and recommendations that are well referenced and, wherever possible, based on lessons learned from practical action. CSA programmes are unlikely to be effective unless their implementation is supported by sound policies and institutions. It is therefore important to enhance institutional capacities in order to implement and replicate CSA strategies. Institutions are vital to agricultural development as well as the realisation of resilient livelihoods.They are not only a tool for farmers and decision-makers, but are also the main conduit through which CSA practices can be scaled up and sustained. The focus in this compendium is on CSA and it’s relevant aspects, i.e., (i) technologies and practices, (ii) services, (iii) technology targeting, (iv) business models, (v) capacity building, and (vi) policies. The approaches and tools available in the compendium span from face-to-face technicianfarmer dialogues to more structured exchanges of online and offline e-learning. In every scenario it is clear that tailoring to local expectations and needs is key. In particular, the voice of farmers is essential to be captured as they are the key actors to promote sustainable agriculture, and their issues need to be prioritized. CSA practices are expected to sustainably increase productivity and resilience (adaptation), reduce Greenhouse Gases (mitigation), and enhance achievement of national food security along with sustainable development goals. CSA is widely expected to contribute towards achieving these objectives and enhance climate change adaptation. CSA practices have to be included in State’s Climate Policy as a priority intervention as the state steps up efforts to tackle climate change. Furthermore, emphasis shoud be laid on CSA training for a sustainable mode to enhance CSA adoption in the state hence the relevance of developing this document. The adaption of climate related knowledge, technologies and practices to local conditions, promoting joint learning by farmers, researchers, rural advisor and widely disseminating CSA practices, is critical. This compendium brings together a collection of experiences from different stakeholders with background of agricultural extension and rural advisory services in supporting CSA. The contributions are not intended to be state-of-the art academic articles but thought and discussion pieces of work in progress. The compendium itself is a ‘living‘ document which is intended to be revised periodically

A study on HPV mRNA test and colposcopy in HIV positive women for early detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide. At any point of time, globally more than 290 million women suffer from HPV infection, one of the most common STIs. There are only few studies from India reported regarding the prevalence of HPV and cervical abnormalities among HIV-positive women. This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of HPV and other genital tract infection in HIV positive women and correlate HPV mRNA test and colposcopic findings with cyto-histopathology in HIV positive women who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Secondary objective was to benefit HIV positive women by making them aware about the importance of screening, early detection and treatment of various lower genital tract infections, CIN and cancer cervix.Methods: cross sectional observational study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NSCB medical college Jabalpur (M.P.) from March 2015 to August 2016 on 70 HIV positive women in whom anti-retroviral therapy was not started. This study was approved by institutional ethical committee. The data was recorded in predesign coded case report form and statistical analysis was performed using the STATA 12.1.Results: In the present study, prevalence of lower genital tract infections in HIV positive women not on ART was 30.0% and the prevalence of high risk HPV was 5.9%.Conclusions: The study concludes that diagnostic efficacy of HPV mRNA test has similar diagnostic value as that of histopathology report

Seafood, its appreciation and capacity to contribute towards the South African Tourism Industry: A case study of Chinese tourists in Durban,Kwa-Zulu Natal.

This cosmopolitan city of Durban in South Africa, is home to a variety of cuisines along with fresh produce, fresh seafood, meats and poultry. This paper contributes towards the value and importance of creating a culinary destination in Durban through appropriate tourism marketing strategies for especially Chinese tourists. Chinese tourism to South Africa has been on an increasing trajectory and China’s presence was evident at Africa’s Travel Indaba 2018, a mega event which is hosted in Durban annually. Attention is paid to cuisine preferences and meal choices of tourists in 2018 in comparison to data collated in 2010 from Chinese soccer fans who were in Durban as spectators to the FIFA 2010 Soccer World Cup. Foods and cuisines that Durban has to offer are noted and the question is raised whether food in Durban is adequately marketed to international tourists that attend mega events in Durban

A donor hemovigilance study: evaluation of adverse reactions to blood donors at tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Donor hemovigilance is an important aspect of the hemovigilance system and contributes to decrease the blood donor’s complications and improving blood donor safety and functioning of blood bank. Reporting of adverse reactions associated with blood donations has been covered under National blood donor vigilance programme. This study was carried out to estimate the adverse events in blood donors and to promote their safety.Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 6 months, from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 after getting approval from institutional ethics committee at tertiary care teaching hospital. Prior informed consent was obtained and donor confidentiality was ensured. The donors were observed for adverse event during or after donation. For delayed reactions, donors were requested to contact the researcher or designated departmental staff. Data was collected in case record form. Data entry was done in excel 2013 and appropriate Statistical test (chi square) was applied.Results: During study period total 7970 donors were registered, out of which 53.27% donors have donated their blood in blood camps and 46.72% have in blood bank. Incidence of donor reactions was 1.54%. Incidence of adverse reaction was higher at blood camps (58.53%). Authors found highest number of cases of mild vaso vagal type reactions (53%). Other types of reactions observed were painful arm, hematoma, delayed bleeding, tingling and moderate type of vaso vagal reaction.Conclusions: Authors did not find any major serious events like convulsion, thrombophlebitis or arterial puncture during study period. It considers that safety of donors was maintained

Effect of various solvent fractions on antioxidant potential of glycyrrhiza glabraL. (Mulhatti) Roots

The effect of widely used methods and solvents on the antioxidant activity of Mulhatti root has been studied. The dry powder of Mulhatti root is extracted in methanol and by liquid-liquid separation of different solvent fractions, namely dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (nB), residual aqueous solution (RA) and non-aqueous (NAR) residues were prepared. The antioxidant activity of all the different solvent fractions of Mulhatti root was evaluated using antioxidant assays such as the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl free radical scavenger assay and the total antioxidant activity. Total phenol and flavonoid content was also measured. For methanol extraction, the aqueous fraction was considered to be the best method for phenol and flavonoid extraction, but the ethyl acetate fraction showed the lowest IC50 (41.08), followed by DCM (41.77), non-aqueous residues (64.50), n-butanol (351.78) and 461.50 μg/mL in residual water. The outcomes confirmed that the extracting solvent considerably altered the antioxidant of Mulhatti roots

Prevalencija i analiza molekulske heterogenosti vrsta Campylobacter jejuni i Campylobacter coli izdvojenih iz ljudi, peradi i goveda u Pantnagaru u Indiji.

Thermophilic campylobacters are the leading cause of food -borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Reports regarding the prevalence of campylobacters in India are very few and no report on the use of molecular typing tools is available for this important pathogen. In the present study, a total of 612 stool/fecal samples collected from humans (n = 260), poultry (n = 239) and cattle (n = 113) were examined for the presence of thermophilic campylobacters by direct plating on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar plates, and employing conventional morphological and biochemical tests. Of these, only 43 samples showed positive Campylobacter colonies. Further, genus and species level identification and confirmation by multiplex PCR revealed the isolates from human (4) and cattle (1) to be Campylobacter jejuni, whereas, out of 38 isolates from poultry, 29 (76.32%) and 9 (23.68%) were C. coli and C. jejuni, respectively. The genetic diversity of the isolates studied by flaA-RFLP typing, using DdeI restriction enzyme, revealed the presence of 11 and 7 flatypes among the 14 C. jejuni and 29 C. coli isolates, respectively. Dendrogram analysis showed that one of the C. jejuni isolates from poultry shared 100% genetic similarity with the human isolate. The prevalence rate in human, poultry and cattle was estimated to be 1.54, 15.89 and 0.88%, respectively, with a comparatively high prevalence of C. coli in poultry. This study appears to be the first of its kind from India, on the application of multiplex PCR and flaA-RFLP typing of Campylobacter isolates obtained from a variety of sources.Termofilni kampilobakteri vodeći su uzrok bakterijskog gastroenteritisa diljem svijeta koji se prenose hranom. Izvješća o njihovoj prevalenciji u Indiji su rijetka, a potpuno nedostaju izvješća o upotrebi molekularnih metoda za njihovu tipizaciju. U ovom je istraživanju bilo pretraženo ukupno 612 uzoraka i to 260 uzoraka stolice ljudi, 239 uzoraka izmeta peradi te 113 uzoraka izmeta goveda na prisutnost termofilnih kampilobaktera izravnim nasađivanjem na preinačen cefoperazon deoksikolatni agar s drvenim ugljenom. Uzročnik je bio identificiran uobičajenim testovima za određivanje morfologije i biokemijskih osobina. Kolonije kampilobaktera dokazane su samo u 43 pretražena uzorka. Daljnjim postupkom identifikacije na razini roda i vrste te potvrde višestrukom lančanom reakcijom polimerazom dokazano je da su četiri izolata iz ljudi i jedan iz goveda pripadali vrsti Campylobacter jejuni, dok je od 38 izolata iz peradi njih 29 (76,32 %) pripadalo vrsti C. coli, a 9 (23,68 %) vrsti C. jejuni. Istraživanjem genetske raznolikosti izolata na osnovi polimorfizma dužine restrikcijskog fragmenta gena flaA uporabom restrikcijskog enzima DdeI dokazano je 11 fla tipova među 14 izolata vrste C. jejuni i sedam fla tipova među 29 izolata C. coli. Analiza dendrograma je pokazala da je jedan izolat C. jejuni iz peradi bio identičan izolatu iz ljudi. Procijenjena prevalencija u ljudi iznosila je 1,54, u peradi 15,89, a u goveda 0,88 %, s relativno velikom prevalencijom vrste C. coli u peradi. Ovo je prvo istraživanje takve vrste u Indiji