Speech Enhancement using Hmm and Snmf(Os)

The speech enhancement is the process to enhance the speech signal by reducing the noise from the signal as well as improving the quality of the signal. The speech signal enhancement requires various techniques associated with the signal noise removal as well as the signal patch fixation in order to enhance the frequency of the speech signal. In this paper, we have proposed the new speech enhancement model for the speech enhancement with the amalgamation of the various speech processing techniques together. The proposed model is equipped with the Supervised sparse non-negative matrix factorization (S-SNMF) along with hidden markov model (HMM) and noise reducing filter to overcome the problem of the signal enhancement by reducing the missing values and by enhancing the signal on the weak points detected under the application of the HMM. The experimental results have proved the efficiency of the proposed model in comparison with the existing model. The improvement of nearly 50% has been recorded from the parameters of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error (MSE), signal to noise ratio (SNR) etc

Almost global feedack control of autonomous underwater vehicles

Plan B paper, M.A., Mathematics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2009An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is expected to operate in an aquatic environment and compensate for poorly known disturbance forces and moments. Due to uncertain environment, it is difficult to apply an open-loop control scheme for tracking the desired trajectory. The objective of this thesis is to develop a robust feedback trajectory tracking control scheme for an AUV that can track a prescribed trajectory amidst such disturbances

Implications of Foliar Particulate Matter Deposition on the Physiology and Nutrient Allocation of Dominant Perennial Species of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

The ramifications of different concentrations of foliar particulate matter on the physiology, nutrient stoichiometry, allocation pattern, and their corresponding re-translocation rates were investigated for evergreen (Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava), semi-evergreen (Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica), and deciduous (Dalbergia sissoo) tree species in a simulation experiment over an exposure period of 2 years. Physiological parameters (Pn, gs, Ci, E, and WUE), nutrient stoichiometry (C: N) in different plant parts, and their allocation pattern for five macro- (C, N, K, Mg, Ca) and five (Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Fe) micro-elements at two different concentrations of particulate matter (ambient and elevated) with respect to control (no particulate load) were assessed. Significant differences in nutrient concentrations and their re-translocation rates were observed between the treatments in evergreen species compared to deciduous species. The photosynthetic rate significantly declined with an increase in foliar deposition of particulate matter. Higher variations in C, N, K, Mg, and Zn levels were found compared to other elements under particulate matter stress and the ratio of C/N showed a slight decline in mature leaves except in deciduous tree species. The nutrient stoichiometry revealed that the deciduous species were more tolerant whereas the re-translocation efficiency was maximum for the semi-evergreen tree species. The nutrient allocation was found greater in foliage compared to branch in evergreen and was opposite in semi-evergreen and deciduous tree species. The element re-translocation rate indicated an inconsistent behavior in nutrient recycling under the particulate matter load depending upon the tree species. The study entrenched a critical change in nutrient re-translocation and allocation pattern under the particulate stress in different parts of the tree, suggesting a novel approach for screening the tree species for sustainable plantation and planning of urban areas

Status of Plasmodium Falciparum and Vivax in Jharkhand: A Five Year (2004-08) Retrospective Study at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi

ABSTRACT Malaria is well known for its fatalities worldwide. In India, it is still endemic in many areas where two species of Plasmodium namely Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are reported. P.vivax is widespread, creating lots of morbidities across the country. P. falciparum, on the other hand, though comparatively narrow in its infectious volume, is a serious cause of mortalities in India. A five year survey was conducted from 2004 to 2008 in a high malaria-hit district, Ranchi. Thick and thin blood smears were made at the Department of Clinical Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), where the microscopic examinations were carried out. The overall reported and examined cases at RIMS included 36643 suspected malaria cases, out of which, 21833(59.5%) were found positive. Out of these positive cases, 6842(31.3%) were confirmed as P. falciparum patients and 14991(68.6%) as P. vivax cases respectively. Number of negative cases was 14811 (40.4%). In this study, it was observed that after the year 2005, incidence of malaria suddenly dropped by 50% and remained almost static on the same level in the following years with only some seasonal variations. However, it was observed that P. falciparum steadily became more dangerous. It is therefore highly necessary to take immediate and effective measures to minimize the complications of P. falciparum along with P. vivax to prevent death toll in these areas

A preliminary investigation on AFLP marker-wood density trait association in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.)

Association between 276 AFLP loci and wood density of 46 teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) genotypes was evaluated, confirming the genetic structure among the genotypes and significant (p &lt; 0.01) linkage disequilibrium between 9.4% loci-pair. AFLP markers with Bayesian correction for inbreeding coefficient detected a low genetic structure vis-à-vis high genetic diversity (0.23) and high polymorphism (57.41 ± 9.62%). AMOVA allocated 26.34% variation among the populations and 73.65% variation among the genotypes with FST = 0.16. The wood density with 8.71% variation displayed significant normal distribution. The careful control of statistical estimates incorporating Q and K to avoid the false discovery resulted in four AFLP loci significantly associated with the wood density trait. This is the first report dealing with marker-trait association in teak against the scarcity of background genomic information in this species. The AFLP markers associated with the wood density trait may be developed into STSmarkers for marker-assisted selection and breeding for genetic improvement of the species.</p

A STUDY OF RECOVERY FROM GENERAL ANAESTHESIA AFTER PREOPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL

ABSTRACT Antimicrobials are used prophylactily in any major surgery to cover perioperative wound infection and other infectious complication ,that may have interaction with muscle relaxant used for general anesthesia and the aim of our study is drug interaction and behavioural response of newly introduced antibiotics used with rocuronium. Gentamicin shortened onset and duration of block after intubating dose of rocuronium and also prolonged duration of extubation after last dose of rocuronium where as meropenem and ceftriaxone did not alter onset, duration and recovery characterstics of rocuronium. . From our study we can conclude that meropenem and ceftriaxone but not gentamicin, can be used safely during general anesthesia. The near ideal muscle relaxant must span the range of short, intermediate and long acting duration (as required by surgical procedure),have rapid onset, be highly metabolized, have no cumulative or cardiovascular effect, to be independent of kidney for elimination, and be easily antagonized. The most commonly used clinical agentsatracurium, doxacurium, vecuronium, pancuronium and pipecuronium-demonstrate some, but not all, of these properties. KEYWORDS : Rocuronium bromide is a relatively new nondepolarizing muscle relaxant. It is the first of these agents to have an onset time possibly as brief as that of suxamethonium without adverse side effect. Rocuronium bromide is mono-quaternary, aminosteroidal, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid onset of actio

Light Curve and Spectral Evolution of Type IIb Supernovae

Stripped-Envelope Supernovae constitute the sub-class of core-collapse supernovae that strip off their outer hydrogen envelope due to high stellar winds or due to interaction with a binary companion where mass transfer occurs as a result of Roche lobe overflow. We present here the photometric and spectroscopic analysis of a member of this class : SN 2015as classified as a type IIb supernova. Light curve features are similar to those of SN 2011fu while spectroscopic features are quite similar to those of SN 2008ax and SN 2011dh. Early epoch spectra have been modelled with SYN++ which indicates a photospheric velocity of 8500 km sec-1 and temperature of 6500K. Spectroscopic lines show transitioning from H to He features confirming it to be a type IIb supernova. Prominent oxygen and calcium emission features are indicative of the asymmetry of the ejecta. We also estimate the signal to noise ratio of the 3.6m telescope data. This telescope is located at ARIES, Devasthal, Nainital at an altitude of 2450m. We also show the comparison plots of spectra taken with a 2m and 4m class telescopes to enlighten the importance of spectral features displayed by bigger diameter telescopes

Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the peculiar Type IIn SN 2012ab

We present an extensive ($\sim$ 1200 d) photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2012ab. After a rapid initial rise leading to a bright maximum (M$_{R}$ = $-$19.39 mag), the light curves show a plateau lasting about 2 months followed by a steep decline up to about 100 d. Only in the $U$ band the decline is constant in the same interval. At later phases, the light curves remain flatter than the $^{56}$Co decline suggesting the increasing contribution of the interaction between SN ejecta with circumstellar material (CSM). Although heavily contaminated by emission lines of the host galaxy, the early spectral sequence (until 32 d) shows persistent narrow emissions, indicative of slow unshocked CSM, and the emergence of broad Balmer lines of hydrogen with P-Cygni profiles over a blue continuum, arising from a fast expanding SN ejecta. From about 2 months to $\sim$1200 d, the P-Cygni profiles are overcome by intermediate width emissions (FWHM $\sim 6000$ \kms), produced in the shocked region due to interaction. On the red wing a red bump appears after 76 d, likely a signature of the onset of interaction of the receding ejecta with the CSM. The presence of fast material both approaching and then receding is suggestive that we are observing the SN along the axis of a jet-like ejection in a cavity devoid of or uninterrupted by CSM in the innermost regions.Comment: 8 Tables, 17 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Association of acute toxic encephalopathy with litchi consumption in an outbreak in Muzaffarpur, India, 2014: a case-control study

Background Outbreaks of unexplained illness frequently remain under-investigated. In India, outbreaks of an acute neurological illness with high mortality among children occur annually in Muzaffarpur, the country’s largest litchi cultivation region. In 2014, we aimed to investigate the cause and risk factors for this illness. Methods In this hospital-based surveillance and nested age-matched case-control study, we did laboratory investigations to assess potential infectious and non-infectious causes of this acute neurological illness. Cases were children aged 15 years or younger who were admitted to two hospitals in Muzaffarpur with new-onset seizures or altered sensorium. Age-matched controls were residents of Muzaffarpur who were admitted to the same two hospitals for a non-neurologic illness within seven days of the date of admission of the case. Clinical specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine) and environmental specimens (litchis) were tested for evidence of infectious pathogens, pesticides, toxic metals, and other non-infectious causes, including presence of hypoglycin A or methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPG), naturally-occurring fruit-based toxins that cause hypoglycaemia and metabolic derangement. Matched and unmatched (controlling for age) bivariate analyses were done and risk factors for illness were expressed as matched odds ratios and odds ratios (unmatched analyses). Findings Between May 26, and July 17, 2014, 390 patients meeting the case definition were admitted to the two referral hospitals in Muzaffarpur, of whom 122 (31%) died. On admission, 204 (62%) of 327 had blood glucose concentration of 70 mg/dL or less. 104 cases were compared with 104 age-matched hospital controls. Litchi consumption (matched odds ratio [mOR] 9·6 [95% CI 3·6 – 24]) and absence of an evening meal (2·2 [1·2–4·3]) in the 24 h preceding illness onset were associated with illness. The absence of an evening meal significantly modified the effect of eating litchis on illness (odds ratio [OR] 7·8 [95% CI 3·3–18·8], without evening meal; OR 3·6 [1·1–11·1] with an evening meal). Tests for infectious agents and pesticides were negative. Metabolites of hypoglycin A, MCPG, or both were detected in 48 [66%] of 73 urine specimens from case-patients and none from 15 controls; 72 (90%) of 80 case-patient specimens had abnormal plasma acylcarnitine profiles, consistent with severe disruption of fatty acid metabolism. In 36 litchi arils tested from Muzaffarpur, hypoglycin A concentrations ranged from 12·4 μg/g to 152·0 μg/g and MCPG ranged from 44·9 μg/g to 220·0 μg/g. Interpretation Our investigation suggests an outbreak of acute encephalopathy in Muzaffarpur associated with both hypoglycin A and MCPG toxicity. To prevent illness and reduce mortality in the region, we recommended minimising litchi consumption, ensuring receipt of an evening meal and implementing rapid glucose correction for suspected illness. A comprehensive investigative approach in Muzaffarpur led to timely public health recommendations, underscoring the importance of using systematic methods in other unexplained illness outbreaks