Kinetics & Mechanism of Oxidation of Formaldehyde by Nessler's Reagent in Presence of Sodium Hydroxide

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Uncommon plasmacytoid myoepithelioma originating from ectopic minor salivary gland in neck: a rare case with rare site presentation

The aim of this case report is to present as case of plasmacytoid at ectopic minor salivary gland in the neck which is a rare neoplasm with uncommon presentation of site. Usually it is a tumor of major salivary gland and more common in parotid gland and less common in the minor salivary gland of the oral cavity predominantly in palate. Here authors are discussing a case of 10-year-old female who presented in our institute with complain of swelling over right mid cervical region which was clinically suspected as reactive cervical lymph node. Patient was evaluated further and cytologically diagnosed as a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma. It was also confirmed as a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma after histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies. Plasmacytoid myoepithelioma at ectopic minor salivary gland site in the neck is uncommon presentation and only a limited number of cases have been reported in literature

A comparative evaluation of bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration in different haematological condition with special reference to leukaemia and lymphoma

Background: For diagnosis of haematological disorders there are three modalities to examine bone marrow, bone marrow aspiration cytology (BMA), bone marrow imprint (BMI) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB). BMA gives cytological picture; BMI also gives cytological picture but cells are less in number and BMB gives cytological as well as architectural picture. BMA alone may not be sufficient to reach diagnosis therefore the present study was undertaken to compare the above modalities. The study was conducted with the aim to perform cytomorphological evaluation of bone marrow in various haematological disorders with special reference to leukaemia and lymphoma and to compare bone marrow aspiration smears with bone marrow trephine biopsy.Methods: The present study was conducted in department of pathology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut inpatients attending the outpatient department and in-patient department of pediatrics and medicine of SVBP Hospital attached to LLRM Medical College, Meerut, over a period of one year i.e. from March 2018 to May 2019. A detailed clinical history, physical examination and laboratory examination of all the cases was done.Results: Out of 50 cases, maximum number of cases were of anemia 26/50 (52%) followed by leukemia 17/50 (34%), lymphoma 5/50 (10%), multiple myeloma 1/50 (2%), myelofibrosis 1/50 (2%), leishmaniasis 1/50 (2%) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 1/50(2%). BMA smears were compared with biopsy and concordance and discordance was established. The overall diagnostic accuracy of aspiration was 94%.Conclusions: Bone marrow examination is a safe, quick easy and cost-effective procedure with very less patient discomfort. BMA shows better cellular details when compared to BMI and BMB. BMB is diagnostic investigation in dry tap cases like aplastic anemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome and metastatic tumors. In present study, concordance between BMA and BMB was seen in majority of the cases and diagnostic accuracy was 94% study concludes that bone marrow aspiration cytology and trephine biopsy complement each other and should be performed simultaneously for complete bone marrow work up and evaluation

Methods of obtaining smooth surface in 2D/3D surface reconstruction

Surface reconstruction is an emergent research area in the field of computer aided design and manufacturing. There are various methods / algorithms which are working considerably well for surface reconstruction problem but we cannot say to the best of our knowledge that we got all the solutions. Missing surface can be repaired either by surface patch or by extending boundary curves. However, in both cases, surface smoothening problem arises in form of flat surface. The present paper has been tried to offer a solution to above problem which makes the curve smoother

Studies on character association among quality traits and yield components in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is most important food crop of India and grown in different regions with differential consumer preferences for grain size, shape, aroma and cooking qualities. Therefore, crop improvement in rice not only focused on yield but also to enhance quality. Hence the present investigation was carried out with an objective of assessing the character association among twenty-two morphological and quality characters of thirty basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that Seed yield was significantly and positively associated with days to maturity (0.330**), number of tillers per plant (0.434**), number of grains per panicle (0.358**), grain weight per panicle (0.410**), and flag leaf length (0.258*).  The days to maturity exhibited a significant positive correlation with plant height, panicle length, grain weight per plant, kernel length before cooking, kernel length after cooking and L: B ratio. Tiller per plant reflected the positive and significant association with a number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle and grain weight per plant. Flag leaf length showed a significant positive correlation with a number of grains per panicle and grain weight per plant, while Grains per panicle was positively and significantly associated with grain weight per panicle, grain weight per plant and kernel breadth before cooking.  Grain weight per panicle exhibited a significant positive association with grain yield per plant (0.410**), kernel breadth before cooking (0.381**), 100 grain weight (0.240*) and 100 kernel weight (0.210*).  These characters could be utilized to form a selection index for improvement of the basmati rice

An experimental study on wistar rats to see the effect of Gymnema sylvestre on blood pressure

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. It is a well-known risk factor for an array of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Obesity is considered as one of the major contributing factors to essential hypertension in humans. Obesity in itself is a risk factor for conditions like insulin resistance, hypertension, stroke, ischemic heart diseases, CHF etc. Undoubtedly in recent times we have achieved great advances in terms of management of hypertension but still we have miles to cover to have dominance over it. Gymnema sylvestre is a valuable indigenous herb. A number of animal and human studies have shown the potential role of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) as an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.Methods: Adult Female Wistar rats, weighing between 150-200 gm, were included in the study. They were randomly divided into five groups with six rats in each group. High Fat Diet (HFD) was given for 4 weeks to induce hypertension in all the groups except group I which was fed with normal chow. Drugs along with respective diets were given to the rats for next 4 weeks by oral feeding cannula. Systolic blood pressure was measured by NIBP controller machine.Results: On feeding rats with HFD for 4 weeks the mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly. After giving drugs GS (100mg/kg), GS (200mg/kg) and Amlodipine (10mg/kg) to groups III, IV, V respectively for next 4 weeks, mean systolic blood pressure fell significantly (p <0.05) as compared to group II (HFD control group). At final evaluation at week 8 (as compared to Group 2) SBP got maximally reduced in Group 5 (35.1%) followed by Group 4 (26.4%), Group 3 (20.1%). On comparing Amlodipine standard (group 5) with other groups, a significant difference was found. This showed that Gymnema sylvestre reduced the elevated systolic blood pressure significantly but this anti-hypertensive effect was inferior to Amlodipine.Conclusions: The present study concludes that Gymnema sylvestre has a potent dose- dependent antihypertensive action but the effect is inferior to Amlodipine. Hence it can be used as an add-on to standard drugs for hypertension

How the loss in academics and research occurs by stopping animal experimentation in medical curriculum

Use of animals in experimentation and research has always been a topic of great debate. Some express their strong support while others are against animal research practices and want their complete abolition.1 At present, there is a pill for every ill. Rapid advancement in the field of science and technology contributed in discovering cure and medications even for the rarest of the rare diseases. Most of the present day discoveries in medical science lay their foundation on animal experimentation. The use of drugs in clinical practice have been possible only after going through successful animal studies for safety, efficacy and toxicity