34 research outputs found
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ (ΠΠΠ). ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ - ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Β«ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ», Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ.Tax incentives and the tax policy as a whole are components of a system of solutions that are aimed at the economic climate improvement while establishing special economic zones (SEZ). The most common instruments of the tax policy are tax exemption, lower tax rates and tax concessions. One of the key issues of SEZsβ performance is the effectiveness of tax advantages applied in particular zone. The purpose of this study is to examine methods of assessing of tax incentives effectiveness in special economic zones. The study includes overview of existing approaches to tax incentives assessing in SEZs, which have been divided into the following groups: estimation of tax incentives effects on individual territorial development indicators, and comprehensive estimation of tax incentives effectiveness in a SEZ. The authors identified subjects of estimations, described each methodology and summarized the results. The authors focused their attention on and classified econometrical and statistical methods among the numerous approaches to assessing of tax incentives effectiveness in SEZs, which were built upon a variety of economic, and mathematical research techniques. The paper describes a method known as βdifference in differencesβ that is widely implemented by scholars to estimate the effect of tax incentives in SEZs on individual territorial development indicators. This work also covers an effect of using tax incentives when conducting a comprehensive evaluation of tax advantages. It is also proposed a classification of quantitative indicators of tax incentives effectiveness in special economic zones. The study makes it possible to implement obtained results in assessing tax incentives effectiveness in the further development of Russian territories
The Attractiveness of Fiscal Instruments for the Development of Entrepreneurship in the Far East of Russ ia
The article analyzes the results of a study assessing the impact of various types of fiscal instruments on the behavior of residents of the territories with a special economic status in Russiaβs Far East. It also analyzes the business climate in the region with regard to the adopted fiscal measures to support the territories of the Far East. The purpose of the article is to assess the attractiveness of fiscal business development tools of the territories with a special economic status based on the results of a survey of residents. The basic research methods were statistical methods, as well as tools for correlation and regression analysis. The study was based on the results of a survey conducted among representatives of economic entities of the Primorsky Territory, operating as tenants of territories with a special economic status of the Far East. The survey was conducted by undergraduates of the School of Economics and Management in 2018 as part of the project βThe Impact of Special Institutional Regimes on the Behavior and Performance of Companiesβ. The author assessed the attractiveness of fiscal business development tools within the territories with a special economic status based on the results of a survey of residents using the tools of correlation and regression analysis. The analysis showed that preferences within the territories with a special economic status of the Far East are unique and useful tools that contribute to the development of business. At the same time, all respondents note the importance of individual preferences, for example, lower tariffs for insurance premiums: for 10 years, their rate for residents is 7.6% instead of 30% for non-residents. The accelerated VAT reimbursement procedure proposed by the tenants and the reduced time for conducting inspections by supervisory authorities are not highly important due to an effective automated tax administration system for VAT in the Russian Federation.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π¨ΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ 2018 Π³. Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ)Β». ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ: Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 10 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 7,6 Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ 30 % Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ‘ Π² Π Π€. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Comparative Analysis of Factors of Functioning of Special Administrative Areas in the Asian-Pacific Region
The article is devoted to a study of the features of the functioning of special administrative regions in the Asia-Pacific region and the identification of factors influencing the results of the activities of the studied territories. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of the functioning of special administrative regions in the Asia-Pacific region. During the research, qualitative methods were used: historical, comparison, analysis and synthesis, legal, deduction and induction, as well as a quantitative method of correlation and regression analysis. The study carried out a comparative analysis of the development and formation of special administrative regions in Russia, as well as Hong Kong, Macau and Singapore. The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the conditions for the functioning of special administrative regions affect the competitiveness and attractiveness of territories for residents. The research methodological base includes theories describing the impact of territories with a special economic status on the level of the development of territories. We used the authorβs method of analyzing the functioning of special administrative regions in Russia and in foreign jurisdictions based on 10 indicators: the number of newly registered residents, population, gross national income per capita, GDP, labor force, employment, government spending, direct tax receipts, indirect receipts. taxes, direct domestic investment, direct foreign investment, which made it possible to reveal the dependence of the number of residents registered in special administrative regions on these indicators. The empirical base of the study is data from official information portals on the activities of special administrative regions in Russia and abroad, data from OECD reports, statistics from the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund, and others. The novelty of the results obtained lies in substantiating the influence of territorial development indicators on the number of residents in special administrative regions and identifying the risks of functioning of special administrative regions in Russia.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π’ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π’ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ β ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π³, ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° 10 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
: ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ‘Π , ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π’ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-Π’ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ β ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π³, ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°ΠΏΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° 10 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
: ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°, Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ‘Π , ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
A class action in various legal systems
The article is devoted to the application of the class action institution in different countries and legal systems. The article deals with questions about the meaning of the institute of class action, interests protected with the help of it, positive and negative aspects of this institution are estimated. In addition, the article analyses characteristics and conditions of presentation of the class actio
Legal regulation of public companies in the countries of the anglo-saxon legal system
The article provides an overview of public corporation legal regulation in the Anglo-American law. The article defines the peculiarities of legal regulation of public companies in the USA and the UK. It also identifies requirements that public companies must meet. A comparative analysis was conducted concerning the organization and the activities of public and private companie
Leaf Mesophyll Structure and Photosynthetic Activity in Calla palustris L. from Natural Habitats with Different Level of Technogenic Pollution
A study of leaf structure and CO2 assimilation rate was conducted on the emergent plant Calla palustris L. from natural habitats with different levels of technogenic pollution (the Sak-Elga River, upstream and downstream of the Karabash copper smelter, Chelyabinsk region, Russia). It was found that both chlorophyll a content andthe rate of CO2 assimilation decreased twofold in plants from the downstream site. No significant changes were observed in leaf mesophyll structure and the volume of aerenchyma in the leaf. It was shown that in plants from strongly contaminated site, the decrease in spongy mesophyll cell volume was compensated by the increase in their number, whereas the decrease in the number of chloroplasts per cell was accompanied by a growth in volume. It is concluded that the changes in the numerical and dimensional characteristics of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts provide for the viability of C. palustris under prolonged technogenic impact and demonstrate the plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Keywords: emergent plant, heavy metals, adaptation, leaf structure, CO2 uptak
Special Economic Zones in Russia: Practice of Application of Tax Incentives and Assessment of Efficiency
The article considers the features of the application of fiscal instruments in the special economic zones of Russia in the context of the effectiveness of tax incentives and preferential tax treatment. The purpose of the article is to formulate proposals on improving the methodology of assessment of the efficiency of the special economic zones of the Russia. The basic methods of research were analyses, synthesis and comparative analysis. The study was based on the results of the operation of nine Russian special economic zones of various types launched at least seven years ago. As special economic zones are an instrument for future economic development and growth, assessing the efficiency of such zones is difficult. In the article, the authors analyzed the methods for assessing the effectiveness of special economic zones applied at different times, identified their main similarities and differences. The article analyses imperfections of the methodology for estimating special economic zones based on projected values of indicators: the number of residents, the number of jobs created in the zone, the amount of attracted investments, etc. This approach does not always allow for an effective assessment of a special economic zone because the target values of the indicators may initially be incorrect. The concept of the effectiveness of a special economic zone is proposed to be considered from the point of view the budgetary costs and benefits, as well as in the context of the socio-economic development of the region that hosts the zone. Analysis of the development of special economic zones can become more objective when the existing methodology for assessing the effectiveness is complemented with indicators that reflect the impact of special economic zones on the level of social and economic development of the region.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ β ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 7 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ: ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ. ΠΏ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°
ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING AND CARBOHYDRATE STORAGE IN BARLEY ORGANS DURING DEVELOPMENT
Changes in the content of various carbohydrate fractions in barley organs during plant development were studied. The results have shown the role of the secondary mobilization of carbohydrates from straw, ear awns and glumes in kernel development
Adaptive morphophysiological features of neottia ovata (Orchidaceae) contributing to its natural colonization on fly ash deposits
In previous decades, some species of the Orchidaceae family have been found growing in man-made habitats. Neottia ovata is one of the most widespread orchids in Europe, however it is quite rare in Russia and is included in several regional Red Data Books. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical composition and morphophysiological parameters of N. ovata from two forest communities of the Middle Urals, Russia: natural and transformed (fly ash dump of Verkhnetagilβskaya Thermal Power Station) for determining orchid adaptive features. The content of most of the studied metals in the underground parts (rhizome + roots) of N. ovata was considerably higher than in the leaves, which diminished the harmful effect of toxic metals on the aboveground organs. The adaptive changes in the leaf mesostructure of N. ovata such as an increase in epidermis thickness, the number of chloroplasts in the cell, and the internal assimilating surface were found for the first time. The orchids from the fly ash deposits were characterized by a higher content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids than plants from the natural forest community that evidenced the compensatory response on the decrease in chlorophyll a. The ability of N. ovata from the transformed habitat to maintain a relatively favorable water balance and stable assimilation indexes further contribute to its high viability. The study of orchid adaptive responses to unfavorable factors is necessary for their successful naturalization and introduction into a new environment. Β© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The reported study was partly funded by RFBR and the Government of Sverdlovsk region, project number 20-44-660011 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of state task of the Ural Federal University, FEUZ-2020-0057
Bankruptcy procedure for individuals in Russia and the USA: comparative legal analysis
This study provides a comparative analysis of the most significant aspects of bankruptcy for individuals in Russia and the United States. The objective of the study was to determine the conditions involved in declaring a citizen insolvent in US and Russian law, for which we studied the ways of filing applications in these countries, as well as some methods of abuse by creditors that reduce the effectiveness of the bankruptcy institution, and the ways to minimize the