A model proposal for selecting the structural system

The choice of the structural system that crosses any space is the basic building design problem. Developments in building technology and materials science have provided innovative solutions to the problem of crossing space. In previous studies, criteria have been examined in the selection of structural systems, but it has not been clarified according to what / how to choose the product. To cross any specified space with the most suitable system and material is still a complicated process. In this study, it is aimed to choose the most suitable system by include decision makers into the model to minimize the possible losses. In the proposed method, selection criteria were created from the distinguishing features of the systems and intermittent scale method was used while determining the criteria values. A decision mechanism is created by evaluating these criteria values with the percentages set by the user. In this way, it has been observed that the selection process gives fast results as it is handled systematically, and it also provides flexible selection opportunities because it places the preferences in the foreground. The model can be used for develop material selection for structure, and this differentiation can be utilized as base study for future research. For complex product selection can be developed a software. © 2021 ISEC Press

Investigation of The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Different Toothpastes: In-Vivo Study

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical, antibacterial and microbiological effects of the non-fluoride and fluoride toothpastes. Materials and Methods: In this study eighty children (3 to 12 years old) were divided into four groups and followed for four weeks. First and second groups (40 children, 6-12 years) used different fluoride toothpastes; third and fourth groups (40 children, 3-5 years) used nonfluoride toothpastes. The halitosis score, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, buffering capacities, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and yeast counts were recorded on 1st day, 7th day, 15th day and 30th day. First and second group; third and fourth group were compared with each other. Data were analyzed statistically by using Mann Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon Sign Test, Fisher Freeman Halton Exact Test and Mc Nemar Test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Statistically significant association was not found in the mean scores of halitosis, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding index, buffering capacity, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and yeast (p>0.05), between groups on first day. All four toothpastes produced statistically significant reductions from 1st day to 30th days in scores of halitosis, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index and buffering capacity (p<0.01; p<0.05), within groups. Statistically significant reductions was found according to in Mutans Streptococci, counts from 1st day to 30th day for group 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05); but was not found statistically significant changes in group 4 on the 30th days(p>0.05). Conclusion: All tested toothpastes proved to be safe and significantly effective clinical and microbiological features

Latent Trait Analysis for Risk Management of Complex Information Technology Projects

Abstract-Recent years have seen a major increase in the application of predictive analytics to the service delivery domain as more and more service providers rely on such analytics for proactive risk management. At the pre-contract stage, identifying potential project risks accurately is of vital importance since it allows service providers to avoid profit erosion through proactive risk management. This paper describes a data-driven approach to project failure prediction of complex information technology (IT) projects. We introduce a novel theoretical framework of Latent Trait Analysis (LTA), whose original form was first developed in psychometrics. We take as the input questionnaire data of risk assessment reviews in the quality assurance (QA) process of IT projects before contract signing, and attempt to predict the project health in the delivery phase after contract signing. The idea is to explicitly capture the human cognitive process through LTA, and estimate the latent project failure tendency hidden behind the questionnaire answers collected by QA experts. Using real QA data of an IT service provider, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing approaches in project failure prediction while providing practical information on the usefulness of individual question items

“The Lolelaplap (Marshall Islands) in Us: Sailing West to East (Ralik→Ratak) to These Our Atolls (Aelon Kein Ad) Ad Jolet Jen Anij (Our Blessed Inheritance from God)”

This paper discusses the expansion of Oceania through a Marshallese indigenous lens as a focal point. It explains that decolonizing methodologies allows reclaiming of space for mental liberation and reassurement of constitutional rights. It highlights similar occurrences of decolonization practices meeting resistance in the 21st century all while strengthening the human right argument that no human deserves any less than their fellow human brothers and sisters. It argues that an indigenous imagery can only be viewed through an indigenous lens where the researches’ level of purity is retained and unfiltered. It nevertheless argues that Marshallese ethnolinguistics reveal the same cultural practices in America, Judeo-Christianity, and Oceania thus dictating the reality that “we are the same not withstanding one stays here and one there (Bedbedjin Bedbedjen, Bedbedjinma wot Kwe)”. It further explains the importance in these similarities and how Marshallese spirituality predates introduced American Judeo-Christianity despite the latter attempting to marginalize the former. It concludes by stating that Marshallese contributions on the global stage are rooted in that culture of love (IaKwe) which is echoed by the custom(s) revealing the significance of Marshallese validation academically, spiritually, economically, & socially to prevent institutionalized discrimination. This paper ends stating that the agency to know one’s self and how one should fit in the world, is a human right in itself and Marshallese are entitled to this sense of self worth through knowing thy self by thy self where real thinking takes place in one’s own mind as we all live our own lives

Novel olefin isomerizations under Ni(I) catalysis

This thesis features practical methods in nickel chemistry to install E-olefins through olefin transposition and to access tri-substituted Z-silyl enol ethers via chain walking under mild conditions. Stereoisomerism often gives rise to distinctive physical and chemical characteristics that are prominent for pharmaceuticals, agrochemical, fragrance and flavor industries; therefore, the installation of the carbon-carbon double bonds in a stereoselective manner is crucial in organic chemistry and in its related fields. Also, in organic synthesis, precursors with defined double bond geometries are commonly employed to build up more complex molecular structures. Addressing the importance of the construction of the double bonds stereoselectively, the first chapter of this thesis details E-selective olefin isomerization catalyzed by [Ni(m-Cl)IPr]2 under mild conditions. The contributions detailed in this chapter are to showcase the catalyst efficiency by presenting various synthetic applications, such as one-carbon isomerization of allylic groups and exocycles, and remote functionalization over 2- to 5-carbon bond isomerization of homoallylic units. It is also shown that using catalytic amounts of Lewis acid (TiOiPr)4 circumvents the catalyst deactivation problem with substrates that bear ketone functionality. Furthermore, using (TiOiPr)4 increased the isomerization efficiency of fused cyclic compounds having heteroatom functionalities (O, S). Additionally, the feasibility of one-bond isomerization of a Z- and E/Z alkenes is shown successfully. Under the isomerization conditions, an internal Z- to E- isomerization is also observed. The second part of this thesis showcases a new method developed for the formation of Z-silyl enol ethers from homoallylic ketones with excellent regioselectivities via Ni-catalyzed chain walking, which is in conjugation with the first chapter. A thorough reaction optimization and control experiments showed that reaction conditions require using a metallic reductant, Mn, in the presence of either [Ni(m-Br)IPr]2 or NiBr2(dme)/IPr (each; 10 mol%) along with using iPrBr or nPrBr as a stoichiometric additive. It is found out that Mn activates the precatalyst NiII to generate the [Ni(-Br)IPr]2 species in situ. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was utilized to characterize relevant nickel complexes, showing that Mn0-induced activation of NiII forms NiI species, which further shows the stability of [Ni(-Br)IPr]2 in the presence of Mn. Furthermore, using of [Ni(-Br)IPr]2 as a catalyst in the absence of Mn resulted in one turnover, and the end species of this reaction were successfully crystallized. The X-ray analysis showed the formation of NiII species, highlighting the necessity of a metallic reductant to regenerate the active species. Furthermore, deuterium experiments are applied to understand the effect of alkyl bromide, which shows that alkyl bromide is the hydrogen source since the showcased reaction conditions represent a reductive isomerization. The combination of X-ray analysis, 1H NMR experiments and mechanistic reactions enabled the elucidation of key steps in the formation of Z-selective silyl enol ethers catalyzed by Ni. The broad functional group tolerance of this method was also showcased in the presence of polyaromatics, biphenyls, electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, presenting a novel transformation to access trisubstituted Z-silyl enol ethers under base-free reaction medium

Metal katalizörler eşliğinde N-propargil sübstitüe pirol türevlerinin halkalaşması sonunda pirolo[1,2-a] pirazin iskeletinin oluşumu.

Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine is one of the isomers of pyrolodiazine family. Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine possesses a bicyclic heteroaromatic structure that have 10 electrons. It has various biological importances in synthetic chemistry; therefore, many different approaches to generate this skeleton have been developed so far. In this study, our prior aim was to develop a new synthetic methodology for the formation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine moiety. In the first part of this focus, the starting compound, methyl 2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate was successfully synthesized, then the conversion of the ester group at the lower arm to the amine group was carried out. Heteroatom cyclization catalyzed by CuI afforded the desired substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine structure. In the second part, it was aimed to synthesize new compounds with unusual structures which are not described in the literature; namely, as pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine N-oxide. In this direction, first pyrrole was submitted to Vilsmeier-Haack reaction to attach a formyl group at C-2. Substitution reaction then effectively gave 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde, which was a key molecule to synthesize the aldoxime. AuCl3 catalyzed cyclization of the corresponding oxime afforded pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine N-oxide. In the next step, Sonogashira coupling reactions were carried out to obtain terminal alkynes (RC≡CR') starting from 1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde. The aim of this part was to study the effect of aryl groups to the activated alkyl functional group by a metal catalyst. In this case, unexpected oxime-oxime transformation was observed, which is unprecedented in the literatureM.S. - Master of Scienc

Gebeliklerinde genital akıntı tedavisi görenlerin doğumdaki akıntıyı etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışma; genital akıntı yakınmasıyla tedavi görmesine karşın doğum sırasında benzer şikayetleri devam eden gebelerin, tedavi süreçlerini etkileyen faktörlerini değerlendirmek ve soruna yönelik çözümler üretmek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak planlanıp uygulandı. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 13.02.2012 – 13.08.2012 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bulunan bir Kadın Hastalıkları Doğum Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine doğuma gelen gebelerden; araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden, gebeliğinde en az bir kez vajinal akıntı şikayeti ile doktora başvuran, doktor tarafından vajinal akıntıya tedavisine başlanmış olan, travaydaki muayene sırasında aktif olarak akıntısı devam eden 222 gebe alındı. Veri toplama aracı olarak ‘‘Vajinal Akıntısı Olan Gebelere Yönelik Değerlendirme Formu’’ kullanıldı. 27 soruluk anket formu hastayla yüz yüze görüşülerek doldurdu. Veriler uygun istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edildi. Gebelerin genital akıntılarının başlama zamanlarının; birinci trimester (%43.7) ve ikinci trimesterde (%40.5) birbirine yakın olduğu, %62.2’sinin gebelik öncesi dönemde de vajinal akıntı öyküsü olduğu ve %9.9’unun tedavi gördüğü, gebelerin %86.0’sının akıntı başladıktan bir süre sonra doktora başvurduğu, %52.3’ünün tedavisini tamamladığı ve çoğunluğun (%70.7) orta düzeyde hijyene önem verdiği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak; gebelerin genital yol enfeksiyonları konusunda hijyenik uygulamalara verdikleri önemin yetersiz olduğu, tedavi kullanımı konusundaki bilgi eksikliğinin yanlış ve eksik uygulamalara neden olduğu, bununla beraber sorunun çözümüne katkı sağlayabilecek sağlık ekibinin eğiticilik görevini üstlenerek konuyu bütüncül yaklaşımla ele alması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Gebelik, travayda vajinal akıntı, tedavi. SUMMARY The Assessment Of Factors Influencing The Vaginal Discharge Of Pregnant Patients With A Prior History Of Treatment For Genital Discharge During Pregnancy This paper was planned and applied as a descriptive study to assess the factors which influence treatment courses of pregnant patients who received treatment for genital discharge and who exhibited similar complaints during delivery despite prior treatment and to provide solutions for the problem. The research sample consisted of 222 pregnant patients volunteering for involvement in the study who applied to a Training and Research Hospital in İstanbul for delivery between 13th February 2012 and 13th August 2012 with a prior history of medical visit to their doctor for the complaint of vaginal discharge at least once during their pregnancy, received treatment for vaginal discharge and were found to have active discharge during their examination before delivery. For collection of data, “Assessment Form For Pregnant Patients with Vaginal Discharge” was used. 27-item questionnaire was filled through face-to-face interview with patients. Data was analysed through proper statistical methods. The commencement time of genital discharge were found to be similar in pregnant patients with 43.7% of cases starting within the first trimester and 40.5% of cases starting within the second trimester. 62.2% of cases were found to have a history of vaginal discharge prior to their pregnancy, 9.9% of cases have been found to receive treatment. After their complaints began, 86% of pregnant patients reported to visit their doctor after a brief period, 52.3% reported to complete their treatment course, majority 70.7% were found to consider hygien on a medium level. As a result, attention of pregnant patients to hygienic practice in genital tract infections were assessed to be incomplete, lack of knowledge about treatment were found to lead to resultant erroneous and incomplete practice; however, healthcare team which can contribute to the solution of the problem can achieve this through assuming an educational role with a holistic approach. Key words: Genital discharge, pregnancy, treatment

Gebeliklerinde genital akıntı tedavisi görenlerin doğumdaki akıntıyı etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

ÖZETBu çalışma; genital akıntı yakınmasıyla tedavi görmesine karşın doğum sırasında benzer şikayetleri devam eden gebelerin, tedavi süreçlerini etkileyen faktörlerini değerlendirmek ve soruna yönelik çözümler üretmek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak planlanıp uygulandı. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 13.02.2012 – 13.08.2012 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bulunan bir Kadın Hastalıkları Doğum Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine doğuma gelen gebelerden; araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden, gebeliğinde en az bir kez vajinal akıntı şikayeti ile doktora başvuran, doktor tarafından vajinal akıntıya tedavisine başlanmış olan, travaydaki muayene sırasında aktif olarak akıntısı devam eden 222 gebe alındı. Veri toplama aracı olarak ‘‘Vajinal Akıntısı Olan Gebelere Yönelik Değerlendirme Formu’’ kullanıldı. 27 soruluk anket formu hastayla yüz yüze görüşülerek doldurdu. Veriler uygun istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edildi. Gebelerin genital akıntılarının başlama zamanlarının; birinci trimester (%43.7) ve ikinci trimesterde (%40.5) birbirine yakın olduğu, %62.2’sinin gebelik öncesi dönemde de vajinal akıntı öyküsü olduğu ve %9.9’unun tedavi gördüğü, gebelerin %86.0’sının akıntı başladıktan bir süre sonra doktora başvurduğu, %52.3’ünün tedavisini tamamladığı ve çoğunluğun (%70.7) orta düzeyde hijyene önem verdiği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak; gebelerin genital yol enfeksiyonları konusunda hijyenik uygulamalara verdikleri önemin yetersiz olduğu, tedavi kullanımı konusundaki bilgi eksikliğinin yanlış ve eksik uygulamalara neden olduğu, bununla beraber sorunun çözümüne katkı sağlayabilecek sağlık ekibinin eğiticilik görevini üstlenerek konuyu bütüncül yaklaşımla ele alması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: Gebelik, travayda vajinal akıntı, tedavi. SUMMARY The Assessment Of Factors Influencing The Vaginal Discharge Of Pregnant Patients With A Prior History Of Treatment For Genital Discharge During PregnancyThis paper was planned and applied as a descriptive study to assess the factors which influence treatment courses of pregnant patients who received treatment for genital discharge and who exhibited similar complaints during delivery despite prior treatment and to provide solutions for the problem. The research sample consisted of 222 pregnant patients volunteering for involvement in the study who applied to a Training and Research Hospital in İstanbul for delivery between 13th February 2012 and 13th August 2012 with a prior history of medical visit to their doctor for the complaint of vaginal discharge at least once during their pregnancy, received treatment for vaginal discharge and were found to have active discharge during their examination before delivery. For collection of data, “Assessment Form For Pregnant Patients with Vaginal Discharge” was used. 27-item questionnaire was filled through face-to-face interview with patients. Data was analysed through proper statistical methods. The commencement time of genital discharge were found to be similar in pregnant patients with 43.7% of cases starting within the first trimester and 40.5% of cases starting within the second trimester. 62.2% of cases were found to have a history of vaginal discharge prior to their pregnancy, 9.9% of cases have been found to receive treatment. After their complaints began, 86% of pregnant patients reported to visit their doctor after a brief period, 52.3% reported to complete their treatment course, majority 70.7% were found to consider hygien on a medium level. As a result, attention of pregnant patients to hygienic practice in genital tract infections were assessed to be incomplete, lack of knowledge about treatment were found to lead to resultant erroneous and incomplete practice; however, healthcare team which can contribute to the solution of the problem can achieve this through assuming an educational role with a holistic approach.Key words: Genital discharge, pregnancy, treatment

Brand valuation in Turkish law

İşletmelerin mal ve hizmetlerinin ayırt edilmesine yarayan markanın tarihsel sürecinin geldiği noktada maddi bir değer oluşturduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu değerin birçok hukuki ve işletmesel durumda kullanım alanı bularak günden güne daha çok önem kazanması nedeniyle doğru hesaplanması ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Markanın oluşum maliyetine, marka sahibi işletmenin finansal tablolarına ve tüketicinin algı ve alışkanlıkları ile bunların çeşitli kombinasyonlarına göre uygulamada birçok marka değerleme yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Ne var ki bu yöntemlerin her biri farklı sonuçlar ortaya koymakta olduğundan ortak bir değerde buluşulamaması bir takım sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir.It has emerged that the historical process of the brand, which serves to distinguish the goods and services of enterprises, creates a material value at the point where it comes from. Since this value has gained importance in many legal and operational situations, it needs to be calculated correctly. There are many brand valuation methods in the application according to the formation cost of the brand, the financial statements of the brand owner and the perceptions and habits of the consumer and various combinations thereof. However, since each of these methods presents different results, the failure to meet at a common value brings with them a number of problems