“Where I am weak, they are strong”: Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Education

Purpose: Healthcare professionals strive for interprofessional practice to achieve optimal patient care. Extant research suggests that to best prepare students for interprofessional practice, interprofessional education (IPE) should be a key element in curriculum. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to evaluate the impact of an IPE activity on participants’ attitudes and perceptions of IPE across five academic programs. Methods: This study utilized a modified version of the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale Questionnaire (RIPLS) pre and post IPE and reflective essays. Participants included 67 students from nursing, occupational therapy, athletic training, dietetics, and speech-language pathology programs. After reviewing a hypothetical case study, participants collaboratively developed assessment and treatment recommendations. Questionnaires were analyzed using statistical procedures and reflective essays underwent thematic analysis. Results: Collectively, data revealed significant changes in participants’ perceptions, attitudes, and implementation readiness. Occupational therapy student participants had statistically significant increases in the RIPLS composite score, Teamwork and Collaboration, and the Positive Professional Identity components (p≤0.03). Participants with previous IPE experience scored 4-points higher on the RIPLS composite score (p=0.03). The reflective essays revealed the themes of barriers associated with collaboration, a deeper understanding and appreciation of other discipline’s roles and the value of teamwork in achieving optimal patient care. Participants reported beginning the interprofessional education experience with anxiety and uncertainty about not only their involvement but also the roles of other healthcare professionals. Throughout the experience, participants emerged with an increased knowledge of their role, others’ roles, and the value of working together within a professional setting to achieve the same goal, optimal patient care. Conclusions: Our findings reveal the benefits of interprofessional education and the necessity to include several healthcare professionals associated with rehabilitation in interprofessional research and education. With more disciplines represented, students receive a broader, more in-depth understanding of not only patient care but also the roles of multiple disciplines they will collaborate with during actual rehabilitative practice

Two-dimensional Navier--Stokes simulation of deformation and break up of liquid patches

The large deformations and break up of circular 2D liquid patches in a high Reynolds number (Re=1000) gas flow are investigated numerically. The 2D, plane flow Navier--Stokes equations are directly solved with explicit tracking of the interface between the two phases and a new algorithm for surface tension. The numerical method is able to pursue the simulation beyond the breaking or coalescence of droplets. The simulations are able to unveil the intriguing details of the non-linear interplay between the deforming droplets and the vortical structures in the droplet's wake.Comment: 13 pages including 4 postscript figures; Revised version as resubmitted to PRL. Title has change

Air entrainment through free-surface cusps

In many industrial processes, such as pouring a liquid or coating a rotating cylinder, air bubbles are entrapped inside the liquid. We propose a novel mechanism for this phenomenon, based on the instability of cusp singularities that generically form on free surfaces. The air being drawn into the narrow space inside the cusp destroys its stationary shape when the walls of the cusp come too close. Instead, a sheet emanates from the cusp's tip, through which air is entrained. Our analytical theory of this instability is confirmed by experimental observation and quantitative comparison with numerical simulations of the flow equations

Deep western boundary currents in the southwestern Pacific Ocean : WOCE PCM-9 : February 1991-December 1992

This report describes current meter measurements from an experiment to measure the deep western boundary current that carries dense water from the Antarctic to the Pacific Ocean. The field measurements were conducted as part of a joint two year experiment by Oregon State University, Texas A&M University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute. The effective western boundary for deep waters in the South Pacific is located east of New Zealand and consists of the Campbell Plateau, Chatham Rise and the Kermadec and Tonga Ridges. Because there is no substantial source of dense bottom waters in the North Pacific, all the deep and bottom waters of both the North and South Pacific have their origin in the Antarctic, and are carried north in a deep western boundary current (DWBC). Neither the sinking of dense water in a few places near the Antarctic Continent nor the general upwelling of this water throughout the rest of the world ocean are easily measurable; since the DWBC is the sole source of deep inflow for the world's largest ocean, knowledge of its strength and variability is critical to a better understanding of the ventilation and heat balance of the Pacific. No direct measurements had ever been made in the DWBC in the Pacific, and evidence of its width could only be made from hydrographic evidence. It was decided to deploy the U.S. resources along a 1000-km line at 32.5°S extending east from the western boundary (Fig. 1, Table 1). Three nominal depths were instrumented: about 200m above the bottom, 4500m, and 2500m (Fig. 2). The 2500m level was selected because it was anticipated that it is near the top of the DWBC in the west, and should show predominately northward flow in the eastern part of the array. The array was deployed in January and February, 1991 from the RN Rapuhia operated by the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute. It consisted of 20 sub-surface moorings, with a total of 60 current meters. It was recovered in November and December, 1992 by the FN Giljanes. The acoustic releases failed on four of the mooring. Partial instrumentation on three of these were recovered by dragging. Mooring 8 was not recovered. The top instrument on Mooring 14 sunk during recovery. A total of 53 current meters were recovered. The experiment was called MAPKIWI, but nobody remembers why. The MAPKIWI current meter array contributes to the World Ocean Circulation experiment and is identified by that program as PCM-9

Current meter data from the Samoan Passage experiment : world ocean circulation experiment current meter array PCM-11 : September 1992-February 1994

The Samoan Passage experiment was designed to determine the northward transport of abyssal water through the Samoan Passage (l0°S, 170°W). This topographic constriction forms the major connection for deep (>4000 m) interbasin flow between hemispheres in the Pacific (Figure 1). This report presents current meter data from the six subsurface moorings deployed in the Samoan Passage in September 1992 and recovered February 1994. The six subsurface moorings were deployed along a transect in the Samoan Passage (Figure 2). A total of twenty-seven current meters were attached, each measuring horizontal current and temperature, with the upper two meters on each mooring measuring pressure. All instrumentation was recovered. Instrument 5872, the top meter on mooring two experienced an electronic board failure after 5 days and stopped recording data. The pressure sensor on instrument 4412, 2990 m on mooring 1, abruptly changed levels several times, and the temperature record from instrument 5856, 2970 m on mooring six, malfunctioned after 9 months. The compass on instrument 7769 (4900 m on mooring three) failed its post-cruise calibration. It appears that the failure occurred approximately one-fourth of the way through the deployment. Because the data are vector-averages, both speed and direction are suspect. The quality of the remaining records was excellent. The Samoan Passage current meter array contributes to the World Ocean Circulation experiment and is identified by that program as PCM-11

Intra-tumor heterogeneity of MLH1 promoter methylation revealed by deep single molecule bisulfite sequencing

A single tumor may contain cells with different somatic mutations. By characterizing this genetic heterogeneity within tumors, advances have been made in the prognosis, treatment and understanding of tumorigenesis. In contrast, the extent of epigenetic intra-tumor heterogeneity and how it influences tumor biology is under-explored. We have characterized epigenetic heterogeneity within individual tumors using next-generation sequencing. We used deep single molecule bisulfite sequencing and sample-specific DNA barcodes to determine the spectrum of MLH1 promoter methylation across an average of 1000 molecules in each of 33 individual samples in parallel, including endometrial cancer, matched blood and normal endometrium. This first glimpse, deep into each tumor, revealed unexpectedly heterogeneous patterns of methylation at the MLH1 promoter within a subset of endometrial tumors. This high-resolution analysis allowed us to measure the clonality of methylation in individual tumors and gain insight into the accumulation of aberrant promoter methylation on both alleles during tumorigenesis

Epitaxial Catalyst-Free Growth of InN Nanorods onc-Plane Sapphire

We report observation of catalyst-free hydride vapor phase epitaxy growth of InN nanorods. Characterization of the nanorods with transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction show that the nanorods are stoichiometric 2H–InN single crystals growing in the [0001] orientation. The InN rods are uniform, showing very little variation in both diameter and length. Surprisingly, the rods show clear epitaxial relations with thec-plane sapphire substrate, despite about 29% of lattice mismatch. Comparing catalyst-free with Ni-catalyzed growth, the only difference observed is in the density of nucleation sites, suggesting that Ni does not work like the typical vapor–liquid–solid catalyst, but rather functions as a nucleation promoter by catalyzing the decomposition of ammonia. No conclusive photoluminescence was observed from single nanorods, while integrating over a large area showed weak wide emissions centered at 0.78 and at 1.9 eV

Metallothionein – overexpression as a highly significant prognostic factor in melanoma: a prospective study on 1270 patients

Metallothioneins (MT) are ubiquitous, intracellular small proteins with high affinity for heavy metal ions. In the last decades, it was shown that MT overexpression in a variety of cancers is associated with resistance to anticancer drugs and is combined with a poor prognosis. In this prospective study, we examined the role of MT overexpression in melanoma patients as a prognostic factor for progression and survival. Between 1993 and 2004, 3386 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma were investigated by using a monoclonal antibody against MT on routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. In all, 1270 patients could be followed up for further statistical analysis (Fisher's exact test, Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test, Kaplan–Meier curves). The MT data of disease-free interval and overall survival were compared univariately and multivariately in Cox regression analysis. Immunohistochemical overexpression of MT in tumour cells of patients with primary melanoma (310 of 1270; 24.4%) was associated with a higher risk for progression (117 of 167; 70.1%) and reduced survival (80 of 110; 72.7%) of the disease (P<0.0001). Similarly, Kaplan–Meier curves gave highly significant disadvantages for the MT-positive group. Univariate analysis (relative risk 7.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.2–10.2; P<0.0001 for progression; relative risk 7.1; 95% CI 4.7–10.9; P<0.0001 for survival), as well as multivariate analysis with other prognostic markers resulted in MT overexpression as a highly significant and independent factor for prognosis in primary melanoma

Challenges and opportunities for improved understanding of regional climate dynamics

Dynamical processes in the atmosphere and ocean are central to determining the large-scale drivers of regional climate change, yet their predictive understanding is poor. Here, we identify three frontline challenges in climate dynamics where significant progress can be made to inform adaptation: response of storms, blocks and jet streams to external forcing; basin-to-basin and tropical–extratropical teleconnections; and the development of non-linear predictive theory. We highlight opportunities and techniques for making immediate progress in these areas, which critically involve the development of high-resolution coupled model simulations, partial coupling or pacemaker experiments, as well as the development and use of dynamical metrics and exploitation of hierarchies of models