Separation of fiber bundles from willow bark using sodium bicarbonate and their novel use in yarns for superior UV protection and antibacterial performance

The development of a mild and green method for separating natural fiber bundles from willow bark is an essential step in exploring and preserving their natural functions. The isolation of well-oriented fiber bundles from the bark of a fast-growing willow hybrid solely using sodium bicarbonate under mild conditions was successfully demonstrated. Additionally, Lyocell fibers were mixed with an equal amount of the willow bark fiber bundles and proved their ability to convert into spun yarns, which provided excellent protection for ultraviolet radiation (UPF > 140). Moreover, these yarns demonstrated strong antibacterial activity (A > 8) against the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in complete eradication of viable bacteria after 24 -h incubation with the material. A laundering treatment had no effect on the UV protection or the antibacterial performance. Utilizing these inherent properties from natural fibers for technical textile applications is very promising.Peer reviewe

Loss of the Chr16p11.2 ASD candidate gene QPRT leads to aberrant neuronal differentiation in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model

Background: Altered neuronal development is discussed as the underlying pathogenic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Copy number variations of 16p11.2 have recurrently been identified in individuals with ASD. Of the 29 genes within this region, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) showed the strongest regulation during neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesized a causal relation between this tryptophan metabolism-related enzyme and neuronal differentiation. We thus analyzed the effect of QPRT on the differentiation of SH-SY5Y and specifically focused on neuronal morphology, metabolites of the tryptophan pathway, and the neurodevelopmental transcriptome. Methods: The gene dosage-dependent change of QPRT expression following Chr16p11.2 deletion was investigated in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) of a deletion carrier and compared to his non-carrier parents. Expression of QPRT was tested for correlation with neuromorphology in SH-SY5Y cells. QPRT function was inhibited in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using (i) siRNA knockdown (KD), (ii) chemical mimicking of loss of QPRT, and (iii) complete CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out (KO). QPRT-KD cells underwent morphological analysis. Chemically inhibited and QPRT-KO cells were characterized using viability assays. Additionally, QPRT-KO cells underwent metabolite and whole transcriptome analyses. Genes differentially expressed upon KO of QPRT were tested for enrichment in biological processes and co-regulated gene-networks of the human brain. Results: QPRT expression was reduced in the LCL of the deletion carrier and significantly correlated with the neuritic complexity of SH-SY5Y. The reduction of QPRT altered neuronal morphology of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Chemical inhibition as well as complete KO of the gene were lethal upon induction of neuronal differentiation, but not proliferation. The QPRT-associated tryptophan pathway was not affected by KO. At the transcriptome level, genes linked to neurodevelopmental processes and synaptic structures were affected. Differentially regulated genes were enriched for ASD candidates, and co-regulated gene networks were implicated in the development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Conclusions: In this study, QPRT was causally related to in vitro neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells and affected the regulation of genes and gene networks previously implicated in ASD. Thus, our data suggest that QPRT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD in Chr16p11.2 deletion carriers

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Towards a Closed Loop Economy in Textile Industry: Separation, Dyeing and Re-Spinning of Cellulose Rich Textile Waste

The public defense on 5th June 2020 at 12:00 will be available via remote technology. Link: https://aalto.zoom.us/j/65506626684 Zoom Quick Guide: https://www.aalto.fi/en/services/zoom-quick-guideThis thesis targeted to improve the waste management in textile industry in terms of material  identification, waste valorization and implementation of sustainable alternatives to commercial dyes and finishing agents. A solid-state NMR method was developed to quantify the amount of cellulose in cotton polyester blends, employing a relationship between distinct peak ratios and the cellulose concentration. Furthermore, the Ioncell technology allowed to utilize both, cotton polyester blends and dyed cellulose waste, to spin new, textile grade cellulose fibers via an ionic liquid solvent system. The produced filaments displayed tensile properties superior to commercial Viscose and Tencel with titers down to the microfiber range (<1 dtex). It was also shown that the ionic liquid, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene acetate, enabled to dissolve cellulose, while leaving behind a polyester residue, which could be recovered for conventional recycling procedures. Similarly, dyed pre- and post-consumer cotton waste was converted to pristine, colored staple fibers, which were used to manufacture a scarf and a baby jacket. In many cases, the original color of the waste fabrics translated to the new textile products, although a certain amount of leaching could be observed during the spinning process. This behavior was dependent on the nature of the dyes and was hence more pronounced for reactive dyes such as Remazoles than for vat dyes. Eventually, gold and silver nanoparticles were assessed to replace potentially polluting dyes and finishing agents. Via a hydrothermal in-situ synthesis approach, spherical nanoparticles were prepared on bleached prehydrolyzed kraft pulp, which was subsequently dry-jet wet spun to colored, UV protective man-made cellulose fibers. As a result of the incorporation technique, the fibers exhibited a better wash fastness than substrates coated via immersion or in-situ reduction only. This demonstrated that the Ioncell process offers versatile opportunities for waste reduction as it tolerates different raw materials and impurities such as synthetic fibers and colorants

Solid-state NMR method for the quantification of cellulose and polyester in textile blends

The valorization of cellulose rich textile waste is promoted by the development of a novel solid-state NMR method for the quantification of cellulose and polyester in textile blends. We applied C-13 CP-MAS NMR as a tool for the quantification and structural characterization of cellulose in cotton polyester blends. Gaussian functions were used to integrate the spectra obtained from a set of calibration standards in order to calculate a sigmoidal calibration curve. Acid hydrolysis was chosen as a reference method. The results demonstrated that solid-state NMR enables a reliable determination of cellulose and polyester in both preconsumer and postconsumer waste textiles and suggests a possible extension of the concept to blends of man-made cellulose fibers (MMCFs) and polyester.Peer reviewe

2-(2-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-yl)-1,3-dimethoxyimidazolium hexafluoridophosphate

The title salt, C12H16N3O2+·PF6−, was obtained by the dipolar cycloaddition of norbornadiene to 2-azido-1,3-dimethoxyimidazolium hexafluoridophosphate. The methoxy groups attached to the imidazolium ring of the cation adopt an anti conformation [displacements of the C atoms from the ring plane = 1.386 (4) and −1.404 (3) Å]. In the crystal, weak inter-ionic C—H...F contacts are observed. The structure was refined as a two-component twin. Positional disorder of the fluorine atoms of the PF6 anion was observed, the occupancy ratio being 0.562 (16):0.438 (16)

Upcycling of cotton polyester blended textile waste to new man-made cellulose fibers

| openaire: EC/H2020/646226/EU//Trash-2-CashThe creation of a circular economy for cellulose based textile waste is supported by the development of an upcycling method for cotton polyester blended waste garments. We present a separation procedure for cotton and polyester using [DBNH] [OAc], a superbase based ionic liquid, which allows the selective dissolution of the cellulose component. After the removal of PET, the resulting solution could be employed to dry-jet wet spin textile grade cellulose fibers down to the microfiber range (0.75–2.95 dtex) with breaking tenacities (27–48 cN/tex) and elongations (7–9%) comparable to commercial Lyocell fibers made from high-purity dissolving pulp. The treatment time in [DBNH] [OAc] was found to reduce the tensile properties (<52%) and the molar mass distribution (<51%) of PET under certain processing conditions.Peer reviewe

2-Azidoimidazolium Ions Captured by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Azole-Substituted Triazatrimethine Cyanines

1,3-Disubstituted 2-azidoimidazolium salts (substituents = methyl, methoxy; anion = PF6) reacted with N-heterocyclic carbenes to yield yellow 2-(1-(azolinylidene)triazen-3-yl)-1,3-R2-imidazolium salts (azole = 1,3-dimethylimidazole, 1,3-dimethoxyimidazole, 4-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole; R = methyl, methoxy; anion = PF6). Crystal structures of three cationic triazenes were determined. Numerous interionic C–H···F contacts were observed. Solvatochromism of the triazenes in polar solvents was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, involving the dipolarity π* and hydrogen-bond donor acidity α of the solvent. Cyclovoltammetry showed irreversible reduction of the cations to uncharged radicals. Thermoanalysis showed exothermal decomposition

Recycling of Vat and Reactive Dyed Textile Waste to New Colored Man-Made Cellulose Fibers

| openaire: EC/H2020/646226/EU//Trash-2-CashThe successful recycling of colored textile waste and reuse of respective dyes would represent a major milestone of global efforts to reduce the environmental impact of the textile industry. The chemical upcycling of dyed pre- and postconsumer cotton waste is promoted by studying the spinability and color fastness of seven vat and reactive dyes (i.e. Indanthren Blue BC 3%, Indanthren Red FBB coll, Indanthren Brilliant Green FBB coll, Levafix Brilliant Red E-4BA, Levafix Blue E-GRN gran, Remazol Brilliant Blue R spec, and Remazol Black B 133%) during dry-jet wet spinning. Apart from the fabrics dyed with Levafix Brilliant Red E-4BA, all samples dissolved in 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene actetate, a superbase based ionic liquid, and could be converted to new colored man-made cellulose fibers. It was found that there is a clear discrepancy between the recyclability of dyed pre- and postconsumer cotton waste, resulting in significantly higher fiber properties up to tenacities of 59.8 cN/tex and elongations of 13.1% in case of the latter. All recycled fibers displayed a noticeable color change in the CIELab space (ΔE = 8.8-25.6) throughout the spinning process. Despite these deviations, almost all fibers and demo fabrics produced thereof exhibited bright colors that can be reused in textile industry. Only Remazol Black B 133% did not sufficiently translate to the new textile product. The wash and rubbing fastness of the fabrics knitted from the regenerated fibers was superior to the dyed waste fabrics mainly because of the homogenous distribution of the dyes along the fiber cross-section.Peer reviewe

Energy Metabolism Disturbances in Cell Models of PARK2 CNV Carriers with ADHD

The main goal of the present study was the identification of cellular phenotypes in attention-deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patient-derived cellular models from carriers of rare copy number variants (CNVs) in the PARK2 locus that have been previously associated with ADHD. Human-derived fibroblasts (HDF) were cultured and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) were reprogrammed and differentiated into dopaminergic neuronal cells (mDANs). A series of assays in baseline condition and in different stress paradigms (nutrient deprivation, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP)) focusing on mitochondrial function and energy metabolism (ATP production, basal oxygen consumption rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance) were performed and changes in mitochondrial network morphology evaluated. We found changes in PARK2 CNV deletion and duplication carriers with ADHD in PARK2 gene and protein expression, ATP production and basal oxygen consumption rates compared to healthy and ADHD wildtype control cell lines, partly differing between HDF and mDANs and to some extent enhanced in stress paradigms. The generation of ROS was not influenced by the genotype. Our preliminary work suggests an energy impairment in HDF and mDAN cells of PARK2 CNV deletion and duplication carriers with ADHD. The energy impairment could be associated with the role of PARK2 dysregulation in mitochondrial dynamics