Physiological responses of Amazonian flooded plants to the global climate change

Conforme previsões do último relatório do IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climatic Change) em 2007, até meados deste século haverá um aumento na concentração de CO2 na atmosfera podendo chegar a 720 μmol mol-1. Consequentemente haverá uma elevação da temperatura de até +3 °C, o que ocorrerá em conjunto com mudanças no padrão de precipitação. O mesmo relatório sugere que isto poderá acarretar uma substituição gradual da floresta tropical por vegetação similar a uma savana na parte oriental da Amazônia, porém nada é conclusivo. Diante dessas possibilidades, pergunta-se - Como as espécies de árvores que compõem as regiões de alagamento da Amazônia irão responder às alterações climáticas por vir? Apesar dessas previsões serem pessimistas, o alagamento ainda ocorrerá por vários anos na Amazônia e é de grande importância compreender os efeitos do alagamento sobre as respostas fisiológicas das plantas num contexto das mudanças climáticas. Os principais efeitos sobre a sinalização metabólica e hormonal durante o alagamento são revisados e os possíveis efeitos que as mudanças climáticas poderão ter sobre as plantas amazônicas são discutidos. As informações existentes sugerem que sob alagamento, as plantas tendem a mobilizar reservas para suprir a demanda de carbono necessário para a manutenção do metabolismo sob o estresse da falta de oxigênio. Até certo limite, com o aumento da concentração de CO2, as plantas tendem a fazer mais fotossíntese e a produzir mais biomassa, que poderão aumentar ainda mais com um acréscimo de temperatura de até 3 °C. Alternativamente, com o alagamento, há uma diminuição geral do potencial de crescimento e é possível que quando em condições de CO2 e temperatura elevados os efeitos positivo e negativo se somem. Com isso, as respostas fisiológicas poderão ser amenizadas ou, ainda, promover maior crescimento para a maioria das espécies de regiões alagáveis até o meio do século. Porém, quando a temperatura e o CO2 atingirem valores acima dos ótimos para a maioria das plantas, estas possivelmente diminuirão a atividade fisiológica.According to the last report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climatic Change, 2007) an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration to ca. 0.072% is predicted to occur until the middle of this century. As a result, a tandem elevation of temperature of ca. +3 °C and a decrease in precipitation are to be expected. It has also been suggested that this scenario may lead to a gradual substitution of the tropical forest for savanna-like vegetation in Eastern parts of the Amazon. Within this perspective, a worth question is how the tree species that make up the Amazonian floodplains will respond to the global climatic change? Although predictions have been quite pessimistic, flooding of part of the Amazon will continue to occur for several years and it is important to understand its synergistic effects within the scenario of climate change. In this work, features related to plant metabolism and hormonal signaling during flooding is revised, and the possible effects that the climatic changes might have on plants from the Amazon are discussed. The information available in the literature suggests that under flooding, plants tend to mobilize storage compounds to supply carbon demand needed for maintenance metabolism under the effect of stress caused by the lack of oxygen. In contrast, under elevated CO2 concentration, plants tend to increase photosynthesis and biomass. With an increase of about 3 °C these parameters may increase even more. Alternatively, with flooding, there is a general decrease in growth potential and it is possible that while favorable conditions of elevated CO2 and temperature prevail, the positive effects may be counterbalanced by the negative effects of flooding. Thus, the physiological responses might be imperceptible or promote further growth up to the middle of the 21st Century for most species that occur in the floodplains. However, if temperature and CO2 levels surpass the threshold of optimal conditions for most plants, a decrease in physiological activity is to be expected

EMPREENDEDORISMO E COMPETÊNCIA: UM ENSAIO SOBRE COMPLEMENTARIDADE E CONVERGÊNCIA DOS CONSTRUTOS -

As well as studies on entrepreneurship, the debate about the individual competence privileges largely the description and quantification of personal attributes, evaluating performance and prescribing professional profiles. Based on this observation and from the redemption of the literature was revealed a possible rapprochement between the fundamentals of the two themes from another perspective, the dynamic character of the phenomena of human competence and its expression by the individual entrepreneur. This essay aims to correlate theoretical constructs competence and entrepreneurship in line with theoretical perspectives that realize these research categories in its multidimensional and complex relationship with other subjective dimensions of a context. The article, at first, presents a literature review on entrepreneurship and competence constructs, indicating convergent and complementary elements and, in the end, discuss how the meaning and characteristics of both can be correlated in the analysis of the phenomenon of entrepreneurship

A germinação de sementes de Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogniaux (Melastomataceae) é controlada pelo fitocromo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da quantidade e da qualidade da luz correlacionados ao controle exercido pelo fitocromo sobre a germinação das sementes de Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogniaux (Melastomataceae). Para tanto, as sementes foram submetidas à fotoperíodos de 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 horas de luz de sombreamento, um tipo especial de luz que simula as condições encontradas em ambientes naturais. Estes fotoperíodos foram associados a temperaturas alternadas entre 20-30 °C. As sementes não germinaram em fotoperíodos inferiores a 8 horas e a maior porcentagem de germinação foi observada no fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Além do efeito do fotoperíodo foi avaliado o fotoequilíbrio teórico do fitocromo que pode promover ou inibir a germinação da espécie. Estas sementes germinaram satisfatoriamente em todos os fotoequilíbrios testados não sendo observadas diferenças significativas entre eles. A sensibilidade à luz das sementes desta espécie foi avaliada por meio da curva de fluência-resposta e observou-se que as porcentagens e velocidades de germinação acompanham os aumentos da fluência da luz branca e os maiores valores de porcentagem de germinação foram obtidos nas fluências mais altas. O escuro inibiu totalmente a germinação das sementes desta espécie

Impact of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging findings in the indication of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of myoma

Objectives: To assess the impact of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the indication for uterine-artery embolization in women with fibroids, as well as the correlation between MRI and ultrasound (US) examinations for diagnosing adenomyosis. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was performed through the analysis of the medical records of 263 women referred for uterine-artery embolization as treatment for fibroids after undergoing US and MRI examinations. To compare uterine volume and fibroid measurement in US and MRI, the Wilcoxon test was used; for the number of fibroids, the McNemar test was used. The kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between US and MRI findings for diagnosing adenomyosis. Results: The mean age of patients was 37.9 ± 6.8 years and 191 (72.6%) were nulliparous. Forty-three patients with adenomyosis associated with fibroid were diagnosed by MRI; US indicated the presence of adenomyosis in 12 (4.56%) women. There was agreement between MRI and US in the diagnosis of adenomyosis in 218/263 (82.9%) patients (p < 0.05). In the US examination, the mean uterine volume was lower (389 ± 340.8 cm³) than that observed in MRI (472.2 ± 415.9 cm³; p < 0.001). Regarding the number of fibroids, MRI showed a greater number of patients with multiple fibroids (68.8% vs. 57.4%, MRI and US, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In women with fibroids referred for uterine-artery embolization, MRI findings led to the revision of the initial diagnosis in 17.1% cases. US showed a lower sensitivity for diagnosing adenomyosis than MRI

SUSTAINABILITY TENSIONS: IDIOSYNCRASIES PRESENT IN THE BRUMADINHO DAM TRAGEDY IN THE PERCEPTION OF DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS

Based on the theoretical framework of sustainability tensions, this study aims to analyse how the different stakeholders understand the tragedy that occurred with the Brumadinho Dam in Brazil and its emerging tensions. This tragedy is considered the largest work tragedy to occur in Brazil and one of the largest in the global context. The study was developed from interviews and media documents, that is, secondary data. The results show that the tensions that emerged can be codified into environmental, social, economic, cultural, and institutional groupings. The tragedy may be examined from multiple perspectives, one of which is from the position of the actor involved in the enterprise of the collapsed tailings dam structure. Each actor defends his principles, values, and rights. It is a fact that the lives of the people affected and those who died are not recoverable. Environmental damage can be minimized through long-term mitigation measures, but social, demographic, historical, and cultural damage is irrecoverable. Thus, the study offers the following contributions: (i) the tragedy has different interpretations by the different stakeholders; (ii) paradoxical tensions impact differently on the lives of those affected; (iii) trade-offs from tragedy need to be managed; (iv) Brazil urgently needs to learn relevant lessons arising from the tragedies experienced and described in our article. Therefore, an immense and complex challenge that is on the agenda at that moment in Brazil is ripe for analysis

Cooperativismo no mercado lácteoCooperatives in the dairy market

O projeto “Assistência Técnica a Agricultores Familiares na Produção Leiteira na região Centro-Oeste do Paraná” teve como objetivo geral oferecer suporte de acompanhamento técnico e organizacional a agricultores familiares, produtores de leite integrantes do sistema de cooperativas, em dez municípios do Paraná com baixo índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH). Foram discutidas experiências vividas por seus participantes, levantando os pontos positivos e negativos referentes ao cooperativismo nesses municípios. Abstract The project “Technical Assistance for Family Farmers Dairy in the Midwest region of Parana” aims generally support for the technical and organizational to farmers dairy members of the cooperative system in ten localities of the state with low human development index (HDI). They discussed experiences of participants, raising the pros and cons relating to involved region

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat