Antimicrobial Activity of Thin Solid Films of Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

In this work, the preparation and characterization of silver doped hydroxyapatite thin films were reported and their antimicrobial activity was characterized. Silver doped hydroxyapatite (Ag:HAp) thin films coatings substrate was prepared on commercially pure Si disks by sol-gel method. The silver doped hydroxyapatite thin films were characterized by various techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy Dispersive X-ray attachment (X-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). These techniques have permitted the structural and chemical characterisation of the silver doped hydroxyapatite thin films. The antimicrobial effect of the Ag:HAp thin films on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was then investigated. This is the first study on the antimicrobial effect of Ag:HAp thin films obtained by sol-gel method. The results of this study have shown that the Ag:HAp thin films with xAg=0.5 are effective against E. coli and S. aureus after 24 h

Antibacterial activity of silver-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Ag-doped nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Ag:HAp-NPs) (Ca(10-x)Ag(x)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2), x(Ag) = 0.05, 0.2, and 0.3) with antibacterial properties are of great interest in the development of new products. Coprecipitation method is a promising route for obtaining nanocrystalline Ag:HAp with antibacterial properties. X-ray diffraction identified HAp as an unique crystalline phase in each sample. The calculated lattice constants of a = b = 9.435 Å, c = 6.876 Å for x(Ag) = 0.05, a = b = 9.443 Å, c = 6.875 Å for x(Ag) = 0.2, and a = b = 9.445 Å, c = 6.877 Å for x(Ag) = 0.3 are in good agreement with the standard of a = b = 9.418 Å, c = 6.884 Å (space group P6(3)/m). The Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of the sintered HAp show the absorption bands characteristic to hydroxyapatite. The Ag:HAp nanoparticles are evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of these materials, regardless of the sample types, was greatest against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. stuartii, and C. freundii. The results of qualitative antibacterial tests revealed that the tested Ag:HAp-NPs had an important inhibitory activity on P. stuartii and C. freundii. The absorbance values measured at 490 nm of the P. stuartii and C. freundii in the presence of Ag:HAp-NPs decreased compared with those of organic solvent used (DMSO) for all the samples (x(Ag) = 0.05, 0.2, and 0.3). Antibacterial activity increased with the increase of x(Ag) in the samples. The Ag:HAp-NP concentration had little influence on the bacterial growth (P. stuartii)

Application of Nanotechnology Solutions in Plants Fertilization

Post-modern society is viewed nowadays as a technologized society, where the great solutions to human problems can be solved by the progress of technology in economics from classical industry to communications. In the last years, nanotechnology is called to play an important part in the global food production, food security and food safety in the sense that the use of nanoscale micronutrients conduced to suppressing crop disease and the relationship between nutritional status and plant diseases is investigated. Nanomaterials are capable to penetrate into cells of herbs; they can carry DNA and other chemical compounds in the cells extending the possibility in plant biotechnology to target special gene manipulation. It is important to note that the concentration, plant organ or tissue, exposure rate, elemental form, plant species, and exposure dosage (chronic/acute) affect the plant response and in particular the distinct stress response. The complex process of utilization nanoparticles in agriculture has to be monitored to a level that avoids further environmental contamination. The present and future use of nanoparticles as micronutrients is affected by different risks related to nanotoxicity of micronutrients, a problem to be solved by an appropriate and safe circuit of nanoparticles in soil, water, plants and at last in human organism

Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescent Properties of Europium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystalline Powders

The luminescent europium-doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HAp, Ca10−xEux(PO4)6(OH)2) with 0≤x≤0.2 nanocrystalline powders was synthesized by coprecipitation. The structural, morphological, and textural properties were well characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The vibrational studies were performed by Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that hydroxyapatite is the unique crystalline constituent of all the samples, indicating that Eu has been successfully inserted into the HAp lattice. Eu doping inhibits HAp crystallization, leading to a decrease of the average crystallite size from around 20 nm in the undoped sample to around 7 nm in the sample with the highest Eu concentration. Furthermore, the samples show the characteristic 5D0→7F0 transition observed at 578 nm related to Eu3+ ions distributed on Ca2+ sites of the apatitic structure

Biomedical properties and preparation of iron oxide-dextran nanostructures by MAPLE technique

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this work the chemical structure of dextran-iron oxide thin films was reported. The films were obtained by MAPLE technique from composite targets containing 10 wt. % dextran with 1 and 5 wt.% iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The IONPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method. A KrF* excimer laser source (λ = 248 nm, τ_FWHM≅25 ns, ν = 10 Hz) was used for the growth of the hybrid, iron oxide NPs-dextran thin films.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles thin films were indexed into the spinel cubic lattice with a lattice parameter of 8.36 Å. The particle sized calculated was estimated at around 7.7 nm. The XPS shows that the binding energy of the Fe 2p_3/2of two thin films of dextran coated iron oxide is consistent with Fe³⁺oxides. The atomic percentage of the C, O and Fe are 66.71, 32.76 and 0.53 for the films deposited from composite targets containing 1 wt.% maghemite and 64.36, 33.92 and 1.72 respectively for the films deposited from composite targets containing 5 wt.% maghemite. In the case of cells cultivated on dextran coated 5% maghemite γ-Fe₂O₃, the number of cells and the level of F-actin were lower compared to the other two types of thin films and control.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The dextran-iron oxide continuous thin films obtained by MAPLE technique from composite targets containing 10 wt.% dextran as well as 1 and 5 wt.% iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method presented granular surface morphology. Our data proved a good viability of Hep G2 cells grown on dextran coated maghemite thin films. Also, no changes in cells morphology were noticed under phase contrast microscopy. The data strongly suggest the potential use of iron oxide-dextran nanocomposites as a potential marker for biomedical applications.</p

Biomedical Properties and Preparation of Iron Oxide-Dextran Nanostructures by MAPLE Technique

Background: In this work the chemical structure of dextran-iron oxide thin films was reported. The films were obtained by MAPLE technique from composite targets containing 10 wt. % dextran with 1 and 5 wt.% iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The IONPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method. A KrF* excimer laser source (λ = 248 nm, τFWHM≅25 ns, ν = 10 Hz) was used for the growth of the hybrid, iron oxide NPs-dextran thin films. Results: Dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles thin films were indexed into the spinel cubic lattice with a lattice parameter of 8.36 Å. The particle sized calculated was estimated at around 7.7 nm. The XPS shows that the binding energy of the Fe 2p3/2 of two thin films of dextran coated iron oxide is consistent with Fe3+ oxides. The atomic percentage of the C, O and Fe are 66.71, 32.76 and 0.53 for the films deposited from composite targets containing 1 wt.% maghemite and 64.36, 33.92 and 1.72 respectively for the films deposited from composite targets containing 5 wt.% maghemite. In the case of cells cultivated on dextran coated 5% maghemite γ-Fe2O3, the number of cells and the level of F-actin were lower compared to the other two types of thin films and control. Conclusions: The dextran-iron oxide continuous thin films obtained by MAPLE technique from composite targets containing 10 wt.% dextran as well as 1 and 5 wt.% iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method presented granular surface morphology. Our data proved a good viability of Hep G2 cells grown on dextran coated maghemite thin films. Also, no changes in cells morphology were noticed under phase contrast microscopy. The data strongly suggest the potential use of iron oxide-dextran nanocomposites as a potential marker for biomedical applications

Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation by In Vitro

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) obtained in the aqueous suspension. The iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biocompatibility of the iron oxide was demonstrated by the in vitro quantification of HeLa cells viability using propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein diacetate (FdA) and the MTT colorimetric assay. The toxicity of small size iron oxide nanoparticles was also evaluated by means of histological examination on male Brown Norway rats after intraperitoneal injection. At the tested concentrations, the nanoparticles proved to be not cytotoxic on HeLa cells. The rat’s behavior, as well as the histopathological aspect of liver, kidney, lung, and spleen tissues at 48 h after intraperitoneal injection did not present any modifications. The in vivo and in vitro assays suggested that the IO-NPs could be further used for developing new in vivo medical applications

Nitrogen and Bromide Co-Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films with Antimicrobial Properties

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp), due to its high biocompatibility, is widely used as biomaterial. Doping with various ions of hydroxyapatite is performed to acquire properties as close as possible to the biological apatite present in bones and teeth. In this research the results of a study performed on thin films of hydroxyapatite co-doped with nitrogen and bromine (NBrHAp) are presented for the first time. The NBrHAp suspension was obtained by performing the adapted co-precipitation method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The thin layers of NBrHAp were obtained by spin-coating. The stability of the NBrHAp suspension was examined by ultrasound measurements. The thin layers obtained by the spin-coating method were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and metallographic microscopy (MM). The presence of nitrogen and bromine were highlighted by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to highlight the chemical status of nitrogen and bromine. In addition, the powder obtained from the NBrHAp suspension was analyzed by XRD. Moreover, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the NBrHAp suspensions and coatings was investigated using the reference microbial strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The results highlighted the successful obtainment of N and Br co-doped hydroxyapatite suspension for the first time by an adapted co-precipitation method. The obtained suspension was used to produce pure NBrHAp composite thin films with superior morphological properties. The NBrHAp suspensions and coatings exhibited in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains and revealed their good antimicrobial activity

The reactivity and environmental effects of the nanoparticles of iron oxides and hydroxyapatite

Le développement économique et l'industrialisation pendant les dernières années ont créés de nombreuses zones de déchets dangereux qui contribuent à une contamination généralisée des eaux souterraines à travers le monde. Les chercheurs ont tourné leur attention à trouver de méthodes d'efficace et moins coûteux pour l’assainissement, prenant en compte que les principaux polluants (les métaux lourds) ne sont pas biodégradables et qu’ils ont tendance plutôt à s'accumuler dans les organismes vivants, en déterminant des troubles des différentes fonctions vitales et des graves maladies. En raison de ces inconvénients il est envisagé le développement des technologies permettant la restauration de l'environnement d’une manière efficace à la fois écologique et biologique ainsi qu’en termes de coûts impliqués. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons proposé d'obtenir des matériaux avec une grande efficacité pour la décontamination des eaux continentales et océaniques. La structure du travail présent comprend quatre chapitres et présente des propriétés générales et spécifiques de matériaux nanométriques. Le premier chapitre présente des concepts généraux des matériaux céramiques et oxyhydriques utilisés pour remédier l'environnement. Le deuxième chapitre présente des méthodes générales pour la préparation des matériaux céramique et oxyhydriques ainsi que des méthodes adaptées au laboratoire pour obtenir ces matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique afin d'améliorer les propriétés d'adsorption des différents polluants. Dans le cadre de ce chapitre sont présentées aussi les techniques pour la caractérisation des matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique qui fait l’objectif de notre étude. Les deux chapitres suivants sont consacrés à la présentation des résultats expérimentaux originaux obtenus suite à la caractérisation physico-chimique, cinétique et biologiques des matériaux céramiques et oxyhydriques utilisés dans l'assainissement des eaux contaminées.He economic development and industrialization from recent years have created many areas of hazardous waste that contributed to the contamination of groundwater worldwide. The researchers turned their attention to finding cost-effective methods for decontamination, taking into account that the main pollutants (heavy metals) are not biodegradable and they tend to accumulate in living organisms, determining disorders of different vital functions and serious illness. Because of these drawbacks the development of technologies for environmental restoration effectively both ecologically and biologically are of a great interest. As part of this thesis, we proposed to obtain materials with high efficiency for the decontamination of continental and oceanic waters. The structure of this work consists of four chapters and provides general and specific properties of nanoscale materials. The first chapter presents the general concepts of ceramic materials and iron oxide based materials used in environmental applications. The second chapter provides general methods for the preparation of ceramic materials and iron oxides and the adapted laboratory methods used for obtaining these materials at the nanoscale in order to improve their adsorption properties of different pollutants. This chapter also presents the techniques used for the characterization of the obtained materials. The next two chapters are devoted to the presentation of original experimental results obtained from the physico-chemical characterization, kinetics and biological investigations of the ceramics and iron oxide based materials used in the remediation of contaminated waters

Nanoparticule de oxiu de fier și hidroxiapatita : reactivitate și influența asupra mediului înconjurător

He economic development and industrialization from recent years have created many areas of hazardous waste that contributed to the contamination of groundwater worldwide. The researchers turned their attention to finding cost-effective methods for decontamination, taking into account that the main pollutants (heavy metals) are not biodegradable and they tend to accumulate in living organisms, determining disorders of different vital functions and serious illness. Because of these drawbacks the development of technologies for environmental restoration effectively both ecologically and biologically are of a great interest. As part of this thesis, we proposed to obtain materials with high efficiency for the decontamination of continental and oceanic waters. The structure of this work consists of four chapters and provides general and specific properties of nanoscale materials. The first chapter presents the general concepts of ceramic materials and iron oxide based materials used in environmental applications. The second chapter provides general methods for the preparation of ceramic materials and iron oxides and the adapted laboratory methods used for obtaining these materials at the nanoscale in order to improve their adsorption properties of different pollutants. This chapter also presents the techniques used for the characterization of the obtained materials. The next two chapters are devoted to the presentation of original experimental results obtained from the physico-chemical characterization, kinetics and biological investigations of the ceramics and iron oxide based materials used in the remediation of contaminated waters.Le développement économique et l'industrialisation pendant les dernières années ont créés de nombreuses zones de déchets dangereux qui contribuent à une contamination généralisée des eaux souterraines à travers le monde. Les chercheurs ont tourné leur attention à trouver de méthodes d'efficace et moins coûteux pour l’assainissement, prenant en compte que les principaux polluants (les métaux lourds) ne sont pas biodégradables et qu’ils ont tendance plutôt à s'accumuler dans les organismes vivants, en déterminant des troubles des différentes fonctions vitales et des graves maladies. En raison de ces inconvénients il est envisagé le développement des technologies permettant la restauration de l'environnement d’une manière efficace à la fois écologique et biologique ainsi qu’en termes de coûts impliqués. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons proposé d'obtenir des matériaux avec une grande efficacité pour la décontamination des eaux continentales et océaniques. La structure du travail présent comprend quatre chapitres et présente des propriétés générales et spécifiques de matériaux nanométriques. Le premier chapitre présente des concepts généraux des matériaux céramiques et oxyhydriques utilisés pour remédier l'environnement. Le deuxième chapitre présente des méthodes générales pour la préparation des matériaux céramique et oxyhydriques ainsi que des méthodes adaptées au laboratoire pour obtenir ces matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique afin d'améliorer les propriétés d'adsorption des différents polluants. Dans le cadre de ce chapitre sont présentées aussi les techniques pour la caractérisation des matériaux à l'échelle nanométrique qui fait l’objectif de notre étude. Les deux chapitres suivants sont consacrés à la présentation des résultats expérimentaux originaux obtenus suite à la caractérisation physico-chimique, cinétique et biologiques des matériaux céramiques et oxyhydriques utilisés dans l'assainissement des eaux contaminées