C5b9 Deposition in Glomerular Capillaries Is Associated With Poor Kidney Allograft Survival in Antibody-Mediated Rejection

C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries (PTC) reflects complement activation in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) of kidney allograft. However, its association with allograft survival is controversial. We hypothesized that capillary deposition of C5b9—indicative of complement-mediated injury—is a severity marker of ABMR. This pilot study aimed to determine the frequency, location and prognostic impact of these deposits in ABMR. We retrospectively selected patients diagnosed with ABMR in two French transplantation centers from January 2005 to December 2014 and performed C4d and C5b9 staining by immunohistochemistry. Fifty-four patients were included. Median follow-up was 52.5 (34.25–73.5) months. Thirteen patients (24%) had C5b9 deposits along glomerular capillaries (GC). Among these, seven (54%) had a global and diffuse staining pattern. Twelve of the C5b9+ patients also had deposition of C4d in GC and PTC. C4d deposits along GC and PTC were not associated with death-censored allograft survival (p = 0.42 and 0.69, respectively). However, death-censored allograft survival was significantly lower in patients with global and diffuse deposition of C5b9 in GC than those with a segmental pattern or no deposition (median survival after ABMR diagnosis, 6 months, 40.5 months and 44 months, respectively; p = 0.015). Double contour of glomerular basement membrane was diagnosed earlier after transplantation in C5b9+ ABMR than in C5b9– ABMR (median time after transplantation, 28 vs. 85 months; p = 0.058). In conclusion, we identified a new pattern of C5b9+ ABMR, associated with early onset of glomerular basement membrane duplication and poor allograft survival. Complement inhibitors might be a therapeutic option for this subgroup of patients

Photo-oxidation of di-n-butylsulfide by various electron transfer sensitizers in oxygenated acetonitrile

International audienceThe selective activation of different photosensitizers has been carried out under comparable conditions and their efficiency towards di-n-butylsulfide oxidation in oxygenated acetonitrile compared from the product distribution after 150 minutes of irradiation. As expected, the best selectivity towards sulfoxide is obtained with a conventional energy transfer sensitizer such as Rose Bengal (RB), but also with a quinone with a low-lying triplet state, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranil or CHLO) and with 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA). More significant yields in sulfonic and sulfuric acids are obtained under sensitization with 9,10-anthraquinone (ANT) or a derivative of benzophenone, 4-benzoyl benzoic acid (4-BB), with which additional experiments were carried out in order to discuss the involvement of either singlet oxygen or superoxide radical anion. Triphenyl pyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPT+) is inefficient under the selected conditions and sulfide photo-oxidation can only be achieved with higher TPT+ concentrations with simultaneous total TPT+ bleaching. With TPT+, 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) and TiO2, the product distribution and the low selectivity as well as the formation of numerous common by-products are indicative of radical mechanisms. All these results are discussed according to the possible formation of activated oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide radical anion or alkylperoxy radicals

Oxidation of nauseous sulfur compounds by photocatalysis or photosensitization

International audienceReduced sulfur compounds such as methanethiol (MSH), dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethydisulfide (DMDS) are nauseous by-products produced by a great number of industrial processes. Oxidation of these reduced sulfur compounds in polluted atmospheres and hence the decrease of their harmful and malodorous effects is thus a matter of concern in numerous industrial and water treatment plants. Photocatalytic treatment of gaseous flow polluted by these sulfur compounds has been actively investigated for the last few years. The first part of the paper is devoted to a literature review on the different TiO2-based photocatalytic processes designed for the oxidation of these gaseous compounds. The comparison of their efficiency is done according to the process parameters: batch or flow reactors, photocatalytic materials, residence time, gas flow, pollutant nature and concentration, relative humidity, .... Special attention is paid to the poisoning of the photocatalytic material and to its possible recycling. In the second part of the paper, alternative materials based on aromatic photosensitizers (9,10-dicyanoanthracene, 9,10-anthraquinone) deposited or grafted on silica matrices are then presented and their efficiency compared to more conventional TiO2-based materials. It is demonstrated that the oxidation products are totally different from those obtained with TiO2. With the photosensitizing materials, singlet oxygen addition is shown to be the major pathway, leading to sulfoxide and sulfone starting from DMS and to methyl methanethiosulfonate starting from DMDS. With TiO2-based materials, in the absence of water and hence of hydroxyl radicals, products arising of C\single bond\S and S\single bond\S bond cleavage are mainly obtained: disulfide from DMS and CH3SSSCH3 together with CH3SCH2SSCH3 from DMDS. These latter products may be accounted for by electron transfer from sulfide or disulfide to photogenerated holes, leading to radical mechanisms. Mineralization to CO2 and H2O is also shown to occur with DMS, but is not favoured under these conditions, due to the absence of water and of a too fast gas hourly space velocity (GHSV). The advantages-drawbacks of the two kinds of materials are presented. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

An anionic photo-sensitizer intercalated in a layered double hydroxide: Preparation, characterization and photo-oxidation efficiency

International audienceThe synthesis and complete characterization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) where 4-benzoyl benzoate is either intercalated or adsorbed has been achieved and their photo-sensitizing efficiency for the oxidation of di-n-butylsulfide has been compared. XRD data are noticeably different for the two materials and the presence of an intercalated new phase is obvious for the first material. Elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicate that intercalated LDH contains much more benzoyl benzoate than adsorbed LDH, while TGA further suggests stronger interactions between the host and the organic anion in the former case. The Fourier transform/infra red (FT/IR) spectrum of the intercalated sample shows no modification of the carbonyl vibration of the benzoyl benzoate moiety upon intercalation within LDH, whereas the diffuse reflectance UV (DRUV) spectrum is strongly modified relative to that of the adsorbed sample. Both intercalated and adsorbed LDHs proved to be efficient and selective sensitizers for the photo-oxidation of di-n-butylsulfide in oxygenated acetonitrile solution. The intercalated photo-sensitizer was efficiently recycled for three successive runs. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the material after irradiation, the major drawback of these supported sensitizers is the partial replacement of the benzoate anion within the LDH by sulfate and sulfonate anions arising from sulfide oxidation

geonetwork/core-geonetwork: GeoNetwork 4.2.7

<p>https://sourceforge.net/projects/geonetwork/files/GeoNetwork_opensource/v4.2.7/</p> <p>GeoNetwork 4.2.7 release is a minor release.</p> <h1>List of changes</h1> <p>Release highlights:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pull/7403">Add more db information to the site information page</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pull/7446">Fix cookies path when deployed on root "/" context</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pull/7501">Security / Jolokia update</a></li> </ul> <p>and more ... see <a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/issues?q=is%3Aissue+milestone%3A4.2.6+is%3Aclosed">4.2.7 issues</a> and <a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pulls?page=3&q=is%3Apr+milestone%3A4.2.7+is%3Aclosed">pull requests</a> for full details.</p&gt

geonetwork/core-geonetwork: GeoNetwork 4.4.1

<p>https://sourceforge.net/projects/geonetwork/files/GeoNetwork_opensource/v4.4.1/</p> <p>GeoNetwork 4.4.1 release is a minor release.</p> <h1>List of changes</h1> <p>Release highlights:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pull/7403">Add more db information to the site information page</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pull/7446">Fix cookies path when deployed on root "/" context</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pull/7501">Security / Jolokia update</a></li> </ul> <p>and more ... see <a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/issues?q=is%3Aissue+milestone%3A4.4.1+is%3Aclosed">4.4.1 issues</a> and <a href="https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/pulls?page=3&q=is%3Apr+milestone%3A4.4.1+is%3Aclosed">pull requests</a> for full details.</p&gt