Second order Boltzmann-Gibbs principle for polynomial functions and applications

In this paper we give a new proof of the second order Boltzmann-Gibbs principle. The proof does not impose the knowledge on the spectral gap inequality for the underlying model and it relies on a proper decomposition of the antisymmetric part of the current of the system in terms of polynomial functions. In addition, we fully derive the convergence of the equilibrium fluctuations towards 1) a trivial process in case of supper-diffusive systems, 2) an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process or the unique energy solution of the stochastic Burgers equation, in case of weakly asymmetric diffusive systems. Examples and applications are presented for weakly and partial asymmetric exclusion processes, weakly asymmetric speed change exclusion processes and hamiltonian systems with exponential interactions

Crossover to the stochastic Burgers equation for the WASEP with a slow bond

We consider the weakly asymmetric simple exclusion process in the presence of a slow bond and starting from the invariant state, namely the Bernoulli product measure of parameter $\rho\in(0,1)$. The rate of passage of particles to the right (resp. left) is $\frac1{\vphantom{n^\beta}2}+\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantom{\beta}\gamma}}$ (resp. $\frac1{\vphantom{n^\beta}2}-\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantom{\beta}\gamma}}$) except at the bond of vertices $\{-1,0\}$ where the rate to the right (resp. left) is given by $\frac{\alpha}{2n^\beta}+\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantom{\beta}\gamma}}$ (resp. $\frac{\alpha}{2n^\beta}-\frac{a}{2n^{\vphantom{\beta}\gamma}}$). Above, $\alpha>0$, $\gamma\geq \beta\geq 0$, $a\geq 0$. For $\beta<1$, we show that the limit density fluctuation field is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process defined on the Schwartz space if $\gamma>\frac12$, while for $\gamma = \frac12$ it is an energy solution of the stochastic Burgers equation. For $\gamma\geq\beta=1$, it is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process associated to the heat equation with Robin's boundary conditions. For $\gamma\geq\beta> 1$, the limit density fluctuation field is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process associated to the heat equation with Neumann's boundary conditions

Optical and IR luminosity functions of IRAS galaxies

The optical and infrared luminosity functions are determined for a 60 micron flux-limited sample of 68 IRAS galaxies covering a total area of 150 deg sq. The IR function is in good agreement with that obtained by other authors. The shape of the optical luminosity function is similar to that of optically selected galaxy samples. The integrated light of most objects in the sample have (NII) to H alpha line flux ratios characteristic of HII-region galaxies. In the absolute magnitude range M sub J = -18, -22 about 14% of late-type galaxies are IRAS galaxies. The apparent companionship frequency is about twice as large as that for a comparable sample of non-IRAS late-type galaxies

Interpolation process between standard diffusion and fractional diffusion

We consider a Hamiltonian lattice field model with two conserved quantities, energy and volume, perturbed by stochastic noise preserving the two previous quantities. It is known that this model displays anomalous diffusion of energy of fractional type due to the conservation of the volume [5, 3]. We superpose to this system a second stochastic noise conserving energy but not volume. If the intensity of this noise is of order one, normal diffusion of energy is restored while it is without effect if intensity is sufficiently small. In this paper we investigate the nature of the energy fluctuations for a critical value of the intensity. We show that the latter are described by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by a L\'evy process which interpolates between Brownian motion and the maximally asymmetric 3/2-stable L\'evy process. This result extends and solves a problem left open in [4].Comment: to appear in AIHP

Nonlinear Perturbation of a Noisy Hamiltonian Lattice Field Model: Universality Persistence

In [2] it has been proved that a linear Hamiltonian lattice field perturbed by a conservative stochastic noise belongs to the 3/2-L\'evy/Diffusive universality class in the nonlinear fluctuating theory terminology [15], i.e. energy superdiffuses like an asymmetric stable 3/2-L\'evy process and volume like a Brownian motion. According to this theory this should remain valid at zero tension if the harmonic potential is replaced by an even potential. In this work we consider a quartic anharmonicity and show that the result obtained in the harmonic case persists up to some small critical value of the anharmonicity

Managing driver fatigue: education or motivation?

Fatigue has been recognised as the primary contributing factor in approximately 15% of all fatal road crashes in Australia. To develop effective countermeasures for managing fatigue, this study investigates why drivers continue to drive when sleepy, and driver perceptions and behaviours in regards to countermeasures. Based on responses from 305 Australian drivers, it was identified that the major reasons why these participants continued to drive when sleepy were: wanting to get to their destination; being close to home; and time factors. Participants’ perceptions and use of 18 fatigue countermeasures were investigated. It was found that participants perceived the safest strategies, including stopping and sleeping, swapping drivers and stopping for a quick nap, to be the most effective countermeasures. However, it appeared that their knowledge of safe countermeasures did not translate into their use of these strategies. For example, although the drivers perceived stopping for a quick nap to be an effective countermeasure, they reported more frequent use of less safe methods such as stopping to eat or drink and winding down the window. This finding suggests that, while practitioners should continue educating drivers, they may need a greater focus on motivating drivers to implement safe fatigue countermeasures

Heart failure nursing in Australia: Challenges, strengths, and opportunities

Australia has a land mass similar to the United States of America, supporting a population of just over 20 million, which is distributed predominantly across the coastal perimeter. The Australian society is rich in cultural diversity fostered by decades of migration. Both these factors present challenges for health care. First, because resources are scare in rural and remote regions, health outcomes are poorer in these regions, especially among indigenous populations. Second, the cultural diversity of Australians is a challenge to providing evidence-based treatment recommendations. In Australia, in parallel with international trends, there is a strong association between socioeconomic status, chronic conditions, and health outcomes

Malignant disease in childhood : the price of cure : late physical and socioeconomic effects of treatment

The aim of cancer therapy in childhood is to achieve a lasting cure without physical and psychosocial harm and, preferably, at a low financial cost. Although cure is possible in many types of childhood cancer, this is often accompanied by complications as a consequence of intensive therapy. These late effects primarily affect fertility, the cardio-respiratory and endocrinological systems. Psychosocial adverse effects may have serious implications on the marriage and employment prospects of those patients surviving into adulthood. Furthermore, the risk of treatment-induced, secondary malignancies may increase as survival improves. With current intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the attainment of cure rates in (EXC)ess of 60-70% is, inevitably, associated with significant morbidity. Indeed, recent developments in cancer therapy have focused on ways of reducing this morbidity, whilst still maintaining the overall improvement in survival.peer-reviewe