52,022 research outputs found
Composite fermion model for entanglement spectrum of fractional quantum Hall states
We show that the entanglement spectrum associated with a certain class of
strongly correlated many-body states --- the wave functions proposed by
Laughlin and Jain to describe the fractional quantum Hall effect --- can be
very well described in terms of a simple model of non-interacting (or weakly
interacting) composite fermions.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
The Formation of Galactic Disks
We study the population of galactic disks expected in current hierarchical
clustering models for structure formation. A rotationally supported disk with
exponential surface density profile is assumed to form with a mass and angular
momentum which are fixed fractions of those of its surrounding dark halo. We
assume that haloes respond adiabatically to disk formation, and that only
stable disks can correspond to real systems. With these assumptions the
predicted population can match both present-day disks and the damped Lyman
alpha absorbers in QSO spectra. Good agreement is found provided: (i) the
masses of disks are a few percent of those of their haloes; (ii) the specific
angular momenta of disks are similar to those of their haloes; (iii)
present-day disks were assembled recently (at z<1). In particular, the observed
scatter in the size-rotation velocity plane is reproduced, as is the slope and
scatter of the Tully-Fisher relation. The zero-point of the TF relation is
matched for a stellar mass-to-light ratio of 1 to 2 h in the I-band, consistent
with observational values derived from disk dynamics. High redshift disks are
predicted to be small and dense, and could plausibly merge together to form the
observed population of elliptical galaxies. In many (but not all) currently
popular cosmogonies, disks with rotation velocities exceeding 200 km/s can
account for a third or more of the observed damped Lyman alpha systems at
z=2.5. Half of the lines-of-sight to such systems are predicted to intersect
the absorber at r>3kpc/h and about 10% at r>10kpc/h. The cross-section for
absorption is strongly weighted towards disks with large angular momentum and
so large size for their mass. The galaxy population associated with damped
absorbers should thus be biased towards low surface brightness systems.Comment: 47 pages, Latex, aaspp4.sty, 14 figs included, submitted to MNRA
Witten index, axial anomaly, and Krein's spectral shift function in supersymmetric quantum mechanics
A new method is presented to study supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Using relative scattering techniques, basic relations are derived between Kreinâs spectral shift function, the Witten index, and the anomaly. The topological invariance of the spectral shift function is discussed. The power of this method is illustrated by treating various models and calculating explicitly the spectral shift function, the Witten index, and the anomaly. In particular, a complete treatment of the twoâdimensional magnetic field problem is given, without assuming that the magnetic flux is quantized
The use of interleaving for reducing radio loss in convolutionally coded systems
The use of interleaving after convolutional coding and deinterleaving before Viterbi decoding is proposed. This effectively reduces radio loss at low-loop Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) by several decibels and at high-loop SNRs by a few tenths of a decibel. Performance of the coded system can further be enhanced if the modulation index is optimized for this system. This will correspond to a reduction of bit SNR at a certain bit error rate for the overall system. The introduction of interleaving/deinterleaving into communication systems designed for future deep space missions does not substantially complicate their hardware design or increase their system cost
Nano-scale mechanical probing of supported lipid bilayers with atomic force microscopy
We present theory and experiments for the force-distance curve of an
atomic force microscope (AFM) tip (radius ) indenting a supported fluid
bilayer (thickness ). For realistic conditions the force is dominated by
the area compressibility modulus of the bilayer, and, to an
excellent approximation, given by . The
experimental AFM force curves from coexisting liquid ordered and liquid
disordered domains in 3-component lipid bilayers are well-described by our
model, and provides in agreement with literature values. The liquid
ordered phase has a yield like response that we model by hydrogen bond
breaking.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
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