Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Clones Causing Extraintestinal Infections in Humans. Animals as Reservoir of High-Risk E. coli Clones Pathogenic for Humans

Escherichia coli is the leading cause of urinary tract and bloodstream infections in humans and animals. The treatment of these infections has been seriously complicated by the appearance of multidrug-resistant isolates and especially by the rapid dissemination of extended-spectrum betalactamase- producing E. coli (ESBLEC). The present doctoral thesis includes six studies in which we evaluated the prevalence, the phenotypic and the genotypic characteristics of sequence type 131 (ST131) strains and other high-risk clones among E. coli strains isolated from patients with extraintestinal infections. We also study animals (pigs and dogs) as reservoirs for ST131 strains and other high-risk clones

Le traitement pulpaire des dents permanentes immatures

Chez l'enfant, il est courant de rencontrer des lésions carieuses ou traumatiques sur les dents permanentes immatures. Leur conservation sur l'arcade est alors un enjeu primordial pour le chirurgien-dentiste. Deux cas de figures se présentent : soit la dent présente une pulpe vivante, auquel cas l'objectif principal est d'obtenir une édification radiculaire physiologique avec fermeture complexe de l'apex. Le recours aux thérapeutiques d'apexogénèse est alors nécessaire. Soit la dent présente une pulpe nécrosée, l'édification radiculaire non physiologique est obtenue grâce à des techniques d'apexification. Plus récemment, l'approche de la pulpe nécrosée par une technique de revascularisation permet d'obtenir un développement radiculaire physiologique. Cet ouvrage à visée pédagogique est le résultat d'une longue recherche faisant la synthèse des données actuelles présentes dans la littérature

Conflict in cross-functional IT project teams: The amplifying roles of functional background diversity

Conflicts pervade IT project teams and can be detrimental to team performance. Team diversity affects conflicts and team performance but its role is ambivalent. The moderating role of functional background diversity (FBD) on conflicts and team performance is explored via a hierarchical linear modelling analysis of 200 participants from 41 cross-functional IT project teams. Results corroborate the complexity of relationships between diversity, conflict, and performance by showing that the effect of FBD is contingent on the type of conflicts: FBD does not heighten the adverse effect of relationship conflicts on team performance, but it does amplify the detrimental effect of task conflicts. The study provides evidence that diversity attributes can play a moderating rather than a direct or mediating role on team performance. Moreover, the study’s systematic and combined application of several conceptual and methodological recommendations addresses limitations of past studies and underscores the importance of adopting a more nuanced and rigorous approach to examining diversity in teams

Biomarkers of coronary endothelial health: correlation with invasive measures of collateral function, flow and resistance in chronically occluded coronary arteries and the effect of recanalization

Objectives: In the presence of a chronically occluded coronary artery, the collateral circulation matures by a process of arteriogenesis; however, there is considerable variation between individuals in the functional capacity of that collateral network. This could be explained by differences in endothelial health and function. We aimed to examine the relationship between the functional extent of collateralization and levels of biomarkers that have been shown to relate to endothelial health. Methods: We measured four potential biomarkers of endothelial health in 34 patients with mature collateral networks who underwent a successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) before PCI and 6-8 weeks after PCI, and examined the relationship of biomarker levels with physiological measures of collateralization. Results: We did not find a significant change in the systemic levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, microparticles or tissue factor 6-8 weeks after PCI. We did find an association between estimated retrograde collateral flow before CTO recanalization and lower levels of sICAM-1 (r=0.39, P=0.026), sE-selectin (r=0.48, P=0.005) and microparticles (r=0.38, P=0.03). Conclusion: Recanalization of a CTO and resultant regression of a mature collateral circulation do not alter systemic levels of sICAM-1, sE-selectin, microparticles or tissue factor. The identified relationship of retrograde collateral flow with sICAM-1, sE-selectin and microparticles is likely to represent an association with an ability to develop collaterals rather than their presence and extent

Abish Aynur, Modality in Kazakh as spoken in China

Cet ouvrage est issu de la thèse de doctorat de l’auteure, soutenue à l’université d’Uppsala en 2014, sous la direction d’É. Csató-Johanson. La première partie, de 164 pages, constitue l’étude proprement dite : celle-ci est suivie d’un long appendice (89 pages) qui contient le corpus exploité par l’auteure : neuf textes originaux, de longueur variable (4 à 77 énoncés). Les textes enregistrés, qui sont tous des monologues, sont transcrits, annotés et traduits (en anglais) par l’auteure. Enregi..

Investigating domain-independent NLP techniques for precise target selection in video hyperlinking

International audienceAutomatic generation of hyperlinks in multimedia video data is a subject with growing interest, as demonstrated by recent work undergone in the framework of the Search and Hyperlinking task within the Mediaeval benchmark initiative. In this paper, we compare NLP-based strategies for precise target selection in video hyperlinking exploiting speech material, with the goal of providing hyperlinks from a specified anchor to help information retrieval. We experimentally compare two approaches enabling to select short portions of videos which are relevant and possibly complementary with respect to the anchor. The first approach exploits a bipartite graph relating utterances and words to find the most relevant utterances. The second one uses explicit topic segmentation, whether hierarchical or not, to select the target segments. Experimental results are reported on the Mediaeval 2013 Search and Hyperlinking dataset which consists of BBC videos, demonstrating the interest of hierarchical topic segmentation for precise target selection