Rural Society, Agriculture and Settlement Territory in the Roman, Medieval and Modern Period Pilis Landscape

This study presents how the scientific results of economic geography can be useful in explaining and deepening our understanding of the settlement pattern, village territory or land-use regarding the Roman, Medieval and Modern period Pilis landscape. Through ordinary comparison and GIS-based investigations the relationship of the studied periods is at the paper’s focus. In the last part, the study introduces a method with which the origins of the present-day administrative boundaries can be explored in a new way

The impact of scientific evidence and price level of hypertension drug therapies on their market performance – A Europe based analysis

This study aims to investigate how much the market performance of drug therapies is influenced by their scientific evidence and price level. Compared to the seemingly simple objective, performing the analysis in the pharmaceutical industry makes the evaluation very complex. Examining the purchase decision process in the prescription drug market, besides the patient as the final consumer, the prescribing physician has the largest decision potential. In addition, the authors cannot ignore the healthcare system financing the therapy either, not to mention the interlacements of regulations, manufacturer interests, their marketing potential and marketing activities. This complexity makes it impossible to describe the pharmaceutical industry in uniform terms. The literature search also confirms that the mentioned complexity makes it hard to draw unambiguous conclusions. In spite of that –with a positivistic approach- the authors live with the assumption that scientific evidence (better efficacy and safety profile) should be awarded on the market on the aggregate level. It is inevitable to clarify at the very beginning that the authors investigate active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and not brands in the recent study. With all this in mind, their intention is to introduce a novel approach for the evaluation of the relationship between the product characteristics (clinical evidence of APIs) and their market performance. In order to examine the relationship the authors involved APIs that belong to the same indication group, having the same mechanism of action and which have been in the generic competition for years after their patent have expired. As a model they perform the analysis with antihypertensive drug therapies. The authors consider that it is possible to rank the active ingredients of drug therapies on the basis of their efficacy and safety, based on relevant clinical literature. The result of ranking serves as the starting point of the analysis. Unequivocally, the authors do not forget about the additional factors that significantly influence the market performance of APIs, but deliberately do not involve these factors in the recent analysis. These factors are the different reimbursement and funding policies, marketing activity of the manufacturers, country-of-origin effect, the impact of clinical guidelines and clinical literature, and their effect on each other. There is one exception, since the article partially deals with the influence of price level on the market performance. In contrast with the majority of the available literature, this study aims to explore the identifiable patterns by investigating the European pharmaceutical market on system-level

Short report on the rescue excavations in the Roman Age Barbaricum near Abony (Pest County, Hungary)

The staff of the Institute of Archaeological Sciences of Eötvös Loránd University unearthed a Sarmatian settlement and a cemetery near Abony (Pest County, Hungary) in the autumn of 2018. The preliminary results point to the area’s economic importance around the turn of the 2nd–3rd century AD

Another barrel-lined well a road section and late Roman graves from Brigetio

As in 1929 and 2007, an excavation was conducted in the close south-eastern neighbour-hood of the legionary fortress of Brigetio unearthing similar archaeological features, graves of the late Roman cemetery and a barrel-lined well. The trial excavation also uncovered a pair of ditches, most likely belonging to a dirt road