Factores de riesgo de la flebitis: un estudio con cuestionario de la percepción de las enfermeiras

Objetivos:avaliar a percepção de enfermeiros sobre os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de flebite, com enfoque especial na percepção sobre os potenciais causadores de flebite de alguns medicamentos e soluções.Método:estudo transversal com questionário, que incluiu uma amostra de 102 enfermeiros.Resultados:os enfermeiros reconheceram alguns fatores que podem reduzir a incidência de flebite; no entanto, mais da metade dos enfermeiros ignorava que o material e o diâmetro do cateter poderiam afectar a taxa de incidência de flebite. Além disso, a doença de base e alto pH dos medicamentos ou soluções foram identificados como potenciais fatores de risco, porém o pH baixo e baixa osmolaridade não foram identificados. Os enfermeiros identificaram a Vancomicina e Benzilpenicilina como os antibióticos com o mais forte potencial flebitico. Entre outros medicamentos e fluidos intravenosos, foram identificados aminofilina, cloridrato de amiodarona e cloreto de potássio 7,4% como potencialmente causadores de flebite.Conclusão:os enfermeiros identificaram fatores predisponentes para flebite relacionados aos pacientes e à terapia administrada, enquanto alguns fatores de risco relacionados ao cateter, particularmente, suas propriedades físico-químicas e tempo para a substituição, não foram totalmente percebidos.Objetivo:evaluar cómo perciben las enfermeras los factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de la flebitis, con atención especial a la percepción del potencial flebítico de algunos medicamentos y soluciones intravenosas.Método:un cuestionario transversal en el que se incluyó una población muestra de 102 enfermeras.Resultados:las enfermeras reconocieron algunos de los factores que pueden reducir la incidencia de la flebitis; sin embargo, más de la mitad de las enfermeras obviaron el hecho de que el material y el diámetro de la cánula pueden influir en la tasa de incidencia. De igual manera, las enfermedades subyacentes y el pH alto de los medicamentos y soluciones se identificaron como factores de riesgo potenciales, al contrario de un pH bajo y una baja osmolalidad. Las enfermeras identificaron que los antibióticos como la vancomicina y la bencilpenicilina tenían el mayor potencial flebítico. La aminofilina, el clorhidrato de amiodarona y el cloruro de potasio 7.4%, entre otros medicamentos y líquidos intravenosos, se identificaron como posibles causantes de la flebitis.Conclusión:Las enfermeras identificaron los factores de predisposición para la flebitis con relación a los pacientes y con las terapias administradas; mientras que algunos factores de riesgo relacionados con las cánulas no fueron apreciados en su totalidad, en particular aquellos relacionados a las propiedades fisicoquímicas y a los tiempos de remplazo de las cánulas.Objectives: to assess nurses' perceptions of risk factors for the development of phlebitis, with a special focus on the perception of phlebitic potentials of some infusion medications and solutions.Method: a cross-sectional questionnaire study, which included a sample of 102 nurses.Results: Nurses recognized some factors that may reduce the incidence of phlebitis; however, more than half of the nurses were unaware that the material and diameter of the cannula can affect the incidence rate of phlebitis. Furthermore,underlying disease and high pH of medications or solutions were identified as potential risk factors, whereas low pH and low osmolality were not. Nurses identified Vancomycin and Benzylpenicillin antibiotics with the strongest phlebitic potential. Among other medications and intravenous fluids, Aminophylline, Amiodaronehydrochloride and Potassium chloride 7.4% were identified as potentially causing phlebitis.Conclusion: predisposing factors for phlebitis relating to patients and administered therapy were identified by nurses, while some cannula related risk factors, in particular its physicochemical properties and the time for cannula replacement, were not fully perceived

Digital education in nursing

The coronavirus pandemic caused unprecedented changes in all spheres of life. Education has completely shifted from the dominantly traditional to the digital framework. With that, nurse educators in higher education also started applying different models of innovative digital technologies. For example, the recreational escape room (ER) game, which has gained global popularity in the last decade, has inspired nurse educators to apply it in an educational setting. According to the definition, ER is a game in which a team of players discovers clues solves puzzles and performs tasks in one or more rooms to achieve a specific goal in a limited time, usually "room escape". In educational ER, all problems, challenges and activities are called a puzzle, while the term room means the space in which it is realized. Therefore, educational ER can be on-site and online. ER has found its place in the learning environment because it brings time-limited authentic situations from the natural professional environment. To successfully complete the mission and "escape from the room", students, in addition to engagement that encourages critical thinking, intensively communicate and cooperate with each other. This paper presents the application of online educational ER in the subject Fundamentals of Nursing

Supplementary data for the article: Mitic-Culafic, D.; Nikolic, B.; Simin, N.; Jasnic, N.; Cetojevic-Simin, D.; Krstic, M.; Knezevic-Vukcevic, J. Effect of Allium Flavum L. and Allium Melanantherum Pan. Extracts on Oxidative DNA Damage and Antioxidative Enzymes Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 2016, 71 (1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0519-0

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0519-0]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2065

The frequency of sister chromatid exchange and micronuclei in evaluation of cytogenetic activity of Kombucha on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Kombucha is a refreshing beverage obtained by the fermentation of sweetened black tea with a “tea fungus” (symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts). It is consumed due to its potential beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate activity of Kombucha on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. We analyzed Kombucha made from different substrates: Camellia sinensis and Satureja montana, and effects of substrates alone. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints and mitomycin C was used as model mutagen. Kombucha from Camellia sinensis and Camellia sinensis substrate increased frequency of MN and SCE on mitomycin C-treated and -untreated peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, Kombucha from Satureja montana reduced incidence of MN on mitomycin C-treated and -untreated peripheral blood lymphocytes, while SCE frequency was higher than control value. In our pilot study we showed for the first time that Kombucha from different substrates induced different effects on mitomycin C-treated and -untreated peripheral blood lymphocytes

Supplementary data for the article: Mitic-Culafic, D.; Nikolic, B.; Simin, N.; Jasnic, N.; Cetojevic-Simin, D.; Krstic, M.; Knezevic-Vukcevic, J. Effect of Allium Flavum L. and Allium Melanantherum Pan. Extracts on Oxidative DNA Damage and Antioxidative Enzymes Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 2016, 71 (1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0519-0

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-015-0519-0]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2065

Antioksidantna i citotoksična aktivnost ekstrakta ploda štavelja (Rumex crispus L., Polygonaceae)

Uvod/Cilj: Rumex crispus (štavelj) je višegodišnja zeljasta biljka, koja se smatra bogatim izvorom biološki aktivnih molekula sa antioksidantnom i citotoksičnom aktivnošću. Cilj rada bio je procena antioksidantnog kapaciteta i ispitivanje antitumorske aktivnosti vodenog ekstrakta ploda štavelja. Metode. Antioksidantna aktivnost vodenog ekstrakta ploda štavelja procenjena je na osnovu in vitro testova: ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), sposobnosti ekstrakta da neutrališe slobodne radikale NO•, OH• i 2,2-difentil-1-pikril hidrazil (DPPH) i utiče na lipidnu peroksidaciju u lipozomima. Citotoksičnost ispitivanog ekstrakta je određena in vitro na tumorskim ćelijskim linijama: humani karcinom cerviksa (HeLa), adenokarcinom (HT-29) i adenokarcinom dojke (MCF7). Rezultati. Testirani ekstrakt pokazao je potencijalnu antioksidantnu aktivnost manifestovanu velikom moći u neutralizaciji slobodnih radikala, kao i sposobnost da smanji lipidnu peroksidaciju u lipozomima. Ustanovljena je tkivno-selektivnu citotoksičnost ekstrakta ploda štavelja in vitro. Najizraženija antitumorska aktivnost primećena je prema HeLa i MCF7 ćelijskim linijama. Zaključak. Vodeni ekstrakt ploda štavelja ima potencijalnu antioksidantnu i citotoksičnu aktivnost, sa nekrozom kao glavnim mehanizmom indukovane ćelijske smrti. Za dalja istraživanja, preporučuju se i druge metode ekstrakcije ploda štavelja.Background/Aim. Rumex crispus (curly dock) is a wild perennial herbaceous plant, which products are considered as a rich source of biologically active molecules with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The aim of this study was to estimate of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aqueous extract of curly dock fruits. Methods. The aqueous extract of curly dock fruits was evaluated for its antioxidant activity by in vitro assays for ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), NO•, OH• and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging activities and the influence on lipid peroxidation in liposomes. The cytotoxicity of tested extract was examined in vitro in human cervix carcinoma (HeLa), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cells. Results. The tested extract showed a potential antioxidant activity manifested in scavenging of free radicals as well as an ability to decrease lipid peroxidation in liposomes. The results indicated tissue-selective cytotoxicity of R. crispus fruit extract in vitro. The most prominent antitumor activity was observed towards HeLa and MCF7 cell lines. Conclusion. The investigated aqueous fruit extract of R. crispus had potential antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, with necrosis as a main mechanism of induced cell-death. Different methods of extraction of R. crispus fruits, apart from aqueous, are recommended for further investigations

Polifenolni sastav, antioksidacijska i antiproliferativna aktivnost jestivih i nejestivih dijelova pitomog i divljeg nara (Punica granatum L.)

Research background. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of juices and extracts of the peel, aril and membrane of the cultivated and wild pomegranate fruits. Experimental approach. The content of total phenols, total flavonoids, total flavonols, total flavan-3-ols and total anthocyanins was determined spectrophotometrically. The individual phenolics were quantified by HPLC. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS tests and neutralisation of hydroxyl radical, while the antiproliferative activity was measured in vitro by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Results and conclusions. Total phenolics were statistically highest in wild pomegranate peel extract, expressed in gallic acid equivalents, 340.92 mg/g (p<0.05), while total flavonoid content was the highest in cultivated pomegranate peel extract, expressed in quercetin equivalents, 31.84 mg/g (p<0.05). The sample of wild pomegranate peel extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with respect to free DPPH and ABTS radicals. The samples of cultivated pomegranate peel and membrane extracts had almost identical and the strongest effect on the inhibition of hydroxyl radicals (41.24 and 41.23 μg/mL, respectively). The sample of wild pomegranate peel extract showed the strongest effect on the growth inhibition of all tested tumour cell lines. Novelty and scientific contribution. In this study, the bioactivity of different parts of cultivated and wild pomegranates was determined and compared. In the available literature, the individual antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of only some parts of the pomegranate fruit was investigated. All parts of the pomegranate fruit were investigated, including the membrane, which was barely analysed in other works. The wild pomegranate has also been less analysed in previous studies. Future research should focus on in vivo studies of the obtained pomegranate samples.Pozadina istraživanja. Svrha je ovog rada bila utvrditi i usporediti antioksidacijsku i antiproliferativnu aktivnost sokova i ekstrakata kore, ploda i opne pitomog i divljeg ploda nara. Eksperimentalni pristup. Spektrofotometrijski su određeni udjeli ukupnih fenola, flavonoida, flavonola, flavan-3-ola i antocijana. Maseni udjeli pojedinih fenola određeni su pomoću HPLC metode. Antioksidacijska aktivnost je ispitana pomoću DPPH i ABTS metoda te neutralizacijom hidroksilnog radikala, dok je antiproliferativna aktivnost mjerena in vitro testom pomoću sulforodamina B (SRB). Rezultati i zaključci. Ukupni fenoli su bili statistički najzastupljeniji u ekstraktu kore divljeg nara, 340,92 mg/g (p<0,05) izraženo u ekvivalentima galne kiseline, dok je ukupan udjel flavonoida bio najveći u ekstraktu kore pitomog nara, 31,84 mg/g (p<0,05) izraženo u ekvivalentima kvercetina. Najveću antioksidacijsku aktivnost, tj. sposobnost uklanjanja DPPH i ABTS radikala imao je uzorak ekstrakta kore divljeg nara. Skoro jednak i najizraženiji učinak na inhibiciju hidroksilnih radikala imali su uzorci ekstrakta kore i opne pitomog nara (41,24 i 41,23 mg/mL). Uzorak ekstrakta kore divljeg nara imao je najveći utjecaj na inhibiciju rasta svih ispitanih tumorskih staničnih linija. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. U ovom istraživanju je utvrđena i uspoređena bioaktivnost različitih dijelova pitomog i divljeg nara. U dostupnoj literaturi ispitana je antioksidacijska i antiproliferativna aktivnost samo pojedinih dijelova ploda nara. U ovom radu su istraženi svi dijelovi ploda nara, uključujući i opnu, koja u drugim radovima nije analizirana. Divlji nar je također manje ispitan u prethodnim studijama. Buduća istraživanja bi se trebala fokusirati na in vivo studije dobivenih uzoraka nara

Wild edible onions - Allium flavum and Allium carinatum - successfully prevent adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin

The objective of this study was to evaluate potential of two chemically characterized edible wild onion species, Allium flavum and Allium carinatum, to reduce side effects of cytostatic doxorubicin (Dox). Since Dox application is mainly limited due to its high cardiotoxicity, while there are no approved cardioprotective agents for the prevention of Dox adverse effects, new co-treatments are urgently needed. Here, we showed that methanol extracts expressed high antioxidant activity and synergistically increased Dox anticancer activity against human hepatoma (HepG2) and lung carcinoma (A549) cells, while protected normal human fibroblasts (MRC-5) from Dox cytotoxicity. Analysis of the antioxidative enzymes level (catalase and superoxide dismutases) showed that the catalase level was differently altered in cancer cells compared to normal cells upon applied treatments. In vivo toxicity evaluation in the zebrafish model revealed significantly lower toxicity of extracts compared to Dox, and no teratogenic effects at applied doses. We found that extracts successfully rescued the Dox-treated embryos of life-threating cardiomyopathy, while at the same time reduced developmental toxicity and neutropenia. Further analysis demonstrated that extracts had higher anti-angiogenic activity than sunitinib or auranofin, clinically used anti-angiogenic drugs. In addition, angiogenesis was markedly more suppressed in Dox-extract cotreatments than upon single treatments