Dopamine receptors gene expression in male rat hippocampus after administration of MDMA (Ecstasy) [La Expresión Génica de Receptores de Dopamina en el Hipocampo de Ratas Macho Después de la Administración de MDMA (Éxtasis)]

Ecstasy is one of the most popular amusing drugs among young people. Documents indicate some effects of Ecstasy on hippocampus and close relations between dopaminergic functions with reward learning. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation of the chronic effects of Ecstasy on memory in male Wistar rats and determination of dopamine receptors' gene expression in hippocampus. Forty adult male Wistar rats randomly distributed in five groups: Control, sham (received 1 ml/kg 0.9 saline) and three experimental groups were: Exp. 1 (2.5 mg/kg), Exp. 2 (5 mg/kg), and Exp. 3 (10 mg/kg) received MDMA intraperitoneally once every 7 days (3 times a day, 3 hours apart) for 4 weeks. Before the first injection animals trained in Shuttle Box memory and tested after the last injection. 24 hours after the final testing, brains of rats were dissected and hippocampus was removed and homogenized. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, expression of dopamine receptor genes in the hippocampus determined with Real-Time PCR. Our results showed that 2.5 and 5 mg/kg MDMA-treated groups had memory impairment. Also we found that MDMA increased the mRNA expression of dopamine receptors in hippocampus and the highest increase found in dopamine D1 receptors in the 5 mg/kg experimental group. We concluded that low doses of Ecstasy could increase Dopamine takers gene expression in hippocampus and disorder avoidance memory. But in high doses the increase in Dopamine takers gene expression was not as much as that in low doses and avoidance memory disorder was not observed. © 2015, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved

Desentralisasi Irigasi: Studi Kasus Pengelolaan Irigasi Di Daerah Irigasi Tajum Kabupaten Banyumas Decentralization in the Irrigation Sector: a Case Study on Irrigation Management in Tajum Irrigation Area, Banyumas Regency

This research aimed at finding out the role of local government in facilitating irrigation management held by P3A and identifying factors determining P3A in irrigation management. Results of the research showed that (1) the role of local government in facilitating the management was undertaken by providing supervision to P3A. Supervisions were included institutionalization, financial, and technical assistance, (2) supervision was not said successful yet in good manners since there were the following obstacles: (a) technical, (b) knowledge, and (c) institutional obstacles. (3) the role of P3A in the management was undertaken in irrigation infrastructure and water distribution activities. However, such a role had not been generated optimal benefits for making P3A autonomy in overcoming arising conflicts among its members. and (4) factors of P3A development were determined by P3A capability in organizational management as an internal factor, and effects of natural condition, population, and market pressures, and government intervention as external factors

Persesuaian Subjek-verba Bahasa Biak dan Bahasa Ternate (sebuah Kajian Deskriptif-komparatif)

This article is a description-comparative subject-verb concord between Biak language (one of the AN languages in Papua) and Ternate language (one of NAN language) in North Maluku. It is estimated that the subject-verb agreement of Biak language and the Ternate language is linguistic evidence that a common feature of the “lingual-fossil”, not as a result of the influence due to the historical relations of the past. Thus this paper refused Biak language as the Austronesian. Biak language is a member of NAN languages (Papuan Phylum) that only gets the effect of AN languages, rather than vice versa. Previous classification which considers the Biak language is a Austronesian language is a misclassification

Deriving of Single Intensive Picosecond Optical Pulses from a High-Power Gain-Switched Laser Diode by Spectral Filtering

Single 25 ps/16 W optical pulses were achieved by spectral filtering from a multiheterostructure gain-switched laser diode with its quasisteady-state modes suppressed by a factor of 103 as compared with the peak power. A significant transient spectrum broadening makes this possible provided that a very high dI/dt rate of the pumping current pulse is used. A simple numerical model is suggested which describes adequately both the spectral and transient features of the observed phenomenon. It follows from the model that single picosecond optical pulses can be obtained from any type of high power semiconductor laser

Guided Modes of Elliptical Metamaterial Waveguides

The propagation of guided electromagnetic waves in open elliptical metamaterial waveguide structures is investigated. The waveguide contains a negative-index media core, where the permittivity, $\epsilon$ and permeability $\mu$ are negative over a given bandwidth. The allowed mode spectrum for these structures is numerically calculated by solving a dispersion relation that is expressed in terms of Mathieu functions. By probing certain regions of parameter space, we find the possibility exists to have extremely localized waves that transmit along the surface of the waveguide

Mode Bifurcation and Fold Points of Complex Dispersion Curves for the Metamaterial Goubau Line

In this paper the complex dispersion curves of the four lowest-order transverse magnetic modes of a dielectric Goubau line ($\epsilon>0, \mu>0$) are compared with those of a dispersive metamaterial Goubau line. The vastly different dispersion curve structure for the metamaterial Goubau line is characterized by unusual features such as mode bifurcation, complex fold points, both proper and improper complex modes, and merging of complex and real modes

SISTEM INFORMASI PROFIL BERBASIS WEB SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI PADA WATERBOOM KOTA TERNATE

Waterboom Kota Ternate adalah salah satu wadah tempat bermain dan wisata yang bertempat dikota ternate provinsi Maluku utara, sistem promosi pada waterboom masih bersifat konvesional dimana sistem promosi pada waterboom masih menggunakan brosur dan media kertas lainnya, sehingga membutuhkan banyak biaya promosi dan operasional lainnya, banyak masyarakat sekitar yang ingin mengetahui informasi dan fasilitas yang disediakan pada tempat wisata waterboom tersebut dan bila ditinjau dari segi kelayakan dan kebutuhan maka waterboom telah memenuhi syarat menggunakan web sehingga akses informasi melalui internet dapat lebih efektif selain itu dapat mempermudah masyarakat luas untuk mengetahui informasi tentang profil dan fasilitas serta informasi pemesanan tiket masukKata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Promosi, Websit