Pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease

Thesis (M.D.)--Boston Universit

Making It Work: Linking Youth Reproductive Health and Livelihoods

Assesses the challenges and effectiveness of programs that integrate adolescent reproductive health with options that improve economic capabilities, assets, and activities. Highlights innovative approaches, and defines gaps in existing interventions

Does This Patient Have Acute Mountain Sickness?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) affects more than 25% of individuals ascending to 3500 m (11 500 ft) and more than 50% of those above 6000 m (19 700 ft). AMS may progress from nonspecific symptoms to life-threatening high-altitude cerebral edema in less than 1% of patients. It is not clear how to best diagnose AMS. To systematically review studies assessing the accuracy of AMS diagnostic instruments, including the visual analog scale (VAS) score, which quantifies the overall feeling of sickness at altitude (VAS[O]; various thresholds), Acute Mountain Sickness-Cerebral score (AMS-C; ≥0.7 indicates AMS), and the clinical functional score (CFS; ≥2 indicates AMS) compared with the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score (LLQS; score of ≥5). Searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to May 2017 identified 1245 publications of which 91 were suitable for prevalence analysis (66 944 participants) and 14 compared at least 2 instruments (1858 participants) using a score of 5 or greater on the LLQS as a reference standard. To determine the prevalence of AMS for establishing the pretest probability of AMS, a random-effects meta-regression was performed based on the reported prevalence of AMS as a function of altitude. AMS prevalence, likelihood ratios (LRs), sensitivity, and specificity of screening instruments. The final analysis included 91 articles (comprising 66 944 study participants). Altitude predicted AMS and accounted for 28% of heterogeneity between studies. For each 1000-m (3300-ft) increase in altitude above 2500 m (8200 ft), AMS prevalence increased 13% (95% CI, 9.5%-17%). Testing characteristics were similar for VAS(O), AMS-C, and CFS vs a score of 5 or greater on the LLQS (positive LRs: range, 3.2-8.2; P = .22 for comparisons; specificity range, 67%-92%; negative LRs: range, 0.30-0.36; P = .50 for comparisons; sensitivity range, 67%-82%). The CFS asks a single question: "overall if you had any symptoms, how did they affect your activity (ordinal scale 0-3)?" For CFS, moderate to severe reduction in daily activities had a positive LR of 3.2 (95% CI, 1.4-7.2) and specificity of 67% (95% CI, 37%-97%); no reduction to mild reduction in activities had a negative LR of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.22-0.39) and sensitivity of 82% (95% CI, 77%-87%). The prevalence of acute mountain sickness increases with higher altitudes. The visual analog scale for the overall feeling of sickness at altitude, Acute Mountain Sickness-Cerebral, and clinical functional score perform similarly to the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score using a score of 5 or greater as a reference standard. In clinical and travel settings, the clinical functional score is the simplest instrument to use. Clinicians evaluating high-altitude travelers who report moderate to severe limitations in activities of daily living (clinical functional score ≥2) should use the Lake Louise Questionnaire Score to assess the severity of acute mountain sickness

See How They Grow: Business Development Services for Women's Business Growth

This document presents a study which focuses on lessons learned in the provision of business development services (BDS) that assist business growth for women-owned enterprises. The study consists of two parts. The first chapter is a review of the existing literature on the international experience in BDS and the major findings of research on lessons learned in BDS as they apply to women clientele and growth in their enterprises. The second part concentrates on deriving lessons from two local BDS initiatives, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) Sericulture Program and Independent Business Enrichment Center (IBEC) Enterprise Training Program in South Africa

Efforts to Utilise Rootlets to Increase Kaliandra (Calliandra calothirsus) Production

Leguminous plants such as calliandra have many benefits, including anti-parasitic properties. The high tannin content in calliandra can be used as an essential ingredient for medicines. This legume is classified as a type of legume that can also be used as green manure, intercropping plants, fence plants, and biofertilizers. The high production of calliandra also makes this plant useful as animal feed; root nodules formed on calliandra roots can be used as a source of N to replace the use of chemical fertilizers. This research aimed to obtain root nodules and inoculate them on plants. The experimental method was carried out by selecting calliandra root nodules and then isolating them in the laboratory to obtain isolates. Observations were made descriptively. The result showed that calliandra root nodules can induce root nodules after isolation inoculated on plants, while plants not inoculated did not form root nodules. This result will significantly help increase the production of calliandra in large quantities so that it can be utilized as animal feed, and it will also increase the production of compounds produced by calliandra plants to be utilized as medicine. Production costs can also be lowered because root nodules as plants can directly utilize a source of nitrogen found in calliandra roots

Fulfilling the Beijing Commitment: Reducing Poverty, Enhancing Women's Economic Options

Provides a guide for policy action and offers recommendations for two pivotal areas -- poverty reduction and enhanced economic opportunities for women and adolescent girls -- as goals for implementing the Beijing Platform for Action

Öğretmen adaylarının algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ile yakın ilişki yaşantıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The study aimed to analyze whether there is a significant relationship between perceived parental attitudes and experiences in close relationships of the individuals in the emerging adulthood period. The study group of this research, which is in the relational screening model, consisted of 272 teacher candidates attending the first, second, third and fourth grades of different departments in the Faculty of Education at a foundation university in Istanbul in the 2018-2019 academic year. Of the students in the study group, 144 (53%) are female and 128 (47%) are male. The study group who participated in the study was formed by using the appropriate sampling method out of the non-random sampling methods. In the collection of the data of the study, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory adapted to Turkish by Sümer (2006) and Perceived Parental Attitudes Scale adapted to Turkish by Dirik, Yorulmaz, and Karancı (2015) were used. The correlations between the variables studied were calculated by the Pearson Moments Multiplication Correlation coefficient. As a result of the research, a positive and high-level significant relationship was determined between rejecting maternal attitudes and rejecting paternal attitudes regarding perceived paternal attitudes (r=.736, p<.01). Rejecting maternal attitudes showed a positive and low-level significant relationship with the anxiety subscale of the close relationships scale (r=.181, p<.01). Rejecting father attitudes of the perceived parental attitudes showed a positive and low-level significant relationship with the anxiety subscale of the close relationships scale (r=.174, p<.05). The findings obtained were discussed in line with the literature and recommendations were made.Bu araştırmanın amacı, beliren yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireylerin algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ile yakın ilişki yaşantıları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını incelemektir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde olan bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde farklı bölümlerin birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfa devam eden toplam 272 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan öğrencilerin 1442’ü (%53) kadın 128’i (%47) erkektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu oluşturulurken seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan uygun örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama amacı ile Sümer (2006) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Yakın İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri ve Dirik, Yorulmaz ve Karancı (2015) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon katsayısı ile hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarından reddedici anne tutumları, reddedici baba tutumları arasında yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.736, p<.01) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Reddedici anne tutumları ile yakın ilişkiler ölçeğinin kaygı alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü, düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.181, p<.01) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarından reddedici baba tutumları ile yakın ilişkiler ölçeğinin kaygı alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü, düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki (r=.174, p<.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın doğrultusunda tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur

Looking at Anxiety from the Eyes of Domestic Workers: The Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 Experience in Istanbul

In this phenomenological study, it was attempted to carry out an in-depth investigation of the anxiety experiences of domestic workers, who were working as housekeepers but could not continue their work life during the COVID-19 outbreak. Through this, it was aimed to reveal their experiences regarding the anxiety they experienced during the pandemic process. In this study, in which the criterion sampling method was used, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 domestic worker women between the ages of 30-42. The 4-step data analysis process in Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology pattern was used in the analyses. The descriptive phenomenological analysis revealed five main themes that describe the participants' experiences: i) anxiety symptoms, ii) financial difficulties, iii) interfamilial relationships, iv) uncertainty and v) emotions that accompany anxiety. The main themes obtained by this research were similar to the sources of anxiety, its components and the emotions accompanying anxiety mentioned in the literature. During the quarantine days, it was seen that the most intense emotion experienced by domestic workers was anxiety. Although the lockdown and unemployment experiences of each participant is unique, it was determined that the most important determinants of this were economic problems due to the lack of job security