A Microleakage Study Of Gutta-percha/ah Plus And Resilon/real Self-etch Systems After Different Irrigation Protocols

The development and maintenance of the sealing of the root canal system is the key to the success of root canal treatment. The resin-based adhesive material has the potential to reduce the microleakage of the root canal because of its adhesive properties and penetration into dentinal walls. Moreover, the irrigation protocols may have an influence on the adhesiveness of resin-based sealers to root dentin. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigant protocols on coronal bacterial microleakage of gutta-percha/AH Plus and Resilon/Real Seal Self-Etch systems. Material and Methods: One hundred ninety pre-molars were used. The teeth were divided into 18 experimental groups according to the irrigation protocols and filling materials used. The protocols used were: distilled water; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)+EDTA; NaOCl+H3PO4; NaOCl+EDTA+chlorhexidine (CHX); NaOCl+H3PO4+CHX; CHX+EDTA; CHX+ H3PO4; CHX+EDTA+CHX and CHX+H3PO4+CHX. Gutta-percha/AH Plus or Resilon/Real Seal SE were used as root-filling materials. The coronal microleakage was evaluated for 90 days against Enterococcus faecalis. Data were statistically analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: No significant difference was verified in the groups using chlorhexidine or sodium hypochlorite during the chemo-mechanical preparation followed by EDTA or phosphoric acid for smear layer removal. The same results were found for filling materials. However, the statistical analyses revealed that a final flush with 2% chlorhexidine reduced significantly the coronal microleakage. Conclusion: A final flush with 2% chlorhexidine after smear layer removal reduces coronal microleakage of teeth filled with gutta-percha/AH Plus or Resilon/Real Seal SE.223174179Adamo, H.L., Buruiana, R., Schertzer, L., Boylan, R.J., A comparison of MTA, Super EBA, comparison of MTA, Super EBA, composite and amalgam as root end filling materials using a bacterial microleakage model (1999) Int Endod J, 32, pp. 197-203Akisue, E., Tomita, V.S., Gavini, G., de Poli, F.J.A., Effect of the combination of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine on dentinal permeability and scanning electron microscopy precipitate observation (2010) J Endod, 36, pp. 847-850Assis, D.F., Prado, M., Simão, R.A., Evaluation of the interaction between endodontic sealers and dentin treated with different irrigant solutions (2011) J Endod, 37, pp. 1550-1552Baumgartner, G., Zehnder, M., Paqué, F., Enterococcus faecalis type strain leakage through root canals filled with Gutta-Percha/ AH Plus or Resilon/Epiphany (2007) J Endod, 33, pp. 45-47Berber, V.B., Gomes, B.P., Sena, N.T., Vianna, M.E., Ferraz, C.C., Zaia, A.A., Efficacy of various concentrations of NaOCl and instrumentation techniques in reducing Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentinal tubules (2006) Int Endod J, 39, pp. 10-17Carrilho, M.R., Carvalho, R.M., Goes, M.F., di Hipólito, V., Geraldeli, S., Tay, F.R., Chlorhexidine preserves dentin bond in vitro (2007) J Dent Res, 86, pp. 90-94Chailertvanitkul, P., Saunders, W.P., Mackenzie, D., Coronal leakage of obturated root canals after long-term storage using a polymicrobial marker (1997) J Endod, 23, pp. 610-613De-Deus, G., Namen, F., Galan Jr., J., Zehnder, M., Soft chelating irrigation protocol optimizes bonding quality of Resilon/Epiphany root fillings (2008) J Endod, 34, pp. 703-705Fransen, J.N., He, J., Glickman, G.N., Rios, A., Shulman, J.D., Honeyman, A., Comparative assessment of ActiV GP/glass ionomer sealer, Resilon/Epiphany, and gutta-percha/AH plus obturation: A bacterial leakage study (2008) J Endod, 34, pp. 725-727Gomes, B.P., Sato, E., Ferraz, C.C., Teixeira, F.B., Zaia, A.A., Souza-Filho, F.J., Evaluation of time required for recontamination of coronally sealed canals medicated with calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine (2003) Int Endod J, 36, pp. 604-609Hashem, A.A., Ghoneim, A.G., Lutfy, R.A., Fouda, M.Y., The effect of different irrigating solutions on bond strength of two root canalfilling systems (2009) J Endod, 35, pp. 537-540Hirai, V.H., Silva, N.U.X., Westphalen, V.P., Perin, C.P., Carneiro, E., Fariniuk, L.F., Comparative analysis of leakage in root canal fillings performed with gutta-percha and Resilon cones with AH Plus and Epiphany sealers (2010) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 109, pp. e131-e135Imura, N., Otani, S.M., Campos, M.J., Jardim Jr., E.G., Zuolo, M.L., Bacterial penetration through temporary restorative materials in root-canal-treated teeth in vitro (1997) Int Endod J, 23, pp. 1-5Jacobovitz, M., Vianna, M.E., Pandolfelli, V.C., Oliveira, I.R., Rossetto, H.L., Gomes, B.P., Root canal filling with cements based on mineral aggregates: An in vitro analysis of bacterial microleakage (2009) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 108, pp. 140-144Malone III, K.H., Donnelly, J.C., In vitro evaluation of coronal microleakage in obturated root canals without restorations (1997) J Endod, 23, pp. 35-38Nair, U., Ghattas, S., Saber, M., Natera, M., Walker, C., Pileggi, R., A comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of 2 root-end filling materials: An in vitro leakage study using Enterococcus faecalis (2011) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 112, pp. e74-e77Neelakantan, P., Subbarao, C., Subbarao, C.V., De-Deus, G., Zehnder, M., The impact of root dentine conditioning on sealing ability and push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer (2011) Int Endod J, 44, pp. 491-498Park, D.S., Torabinejad, M., Shabahang, S., The effect of MTAD on the coronal leakage of obturated root canals (2004) J Endod, 30, pp. 890-892Prado, M., Gusman, H., Gomes, B.P., Simão, R.A., Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of phosphoric acid in smear layer removal when compared with EDTA and citric acid (2011) J Endod, 37, pp. 255-258Prado, M., Simão, R.A., Gomes, B.P., Effect of different irrigation protocols on resin sealer bond strength to dentin (2013) J Endod, 39, pp. 689-692Rosenthal, S., Spångberg, L., Safavi, K., Chlorhexidine substantivity in root canal dentin (2004) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 98, pp. 488-492Saleh, I.M., Ruyter, I.E., Haapasalo, M., ørstavik, D., Bacterial penetration along different root canal filling materials in the presence or absence of smear layer (2008) Int Endod J, 41, pp. 32-40Sharifian, M.R., Shokouhinejad, N., Aligholi, M., Jafari, Z., Effect of chlorhexidine on coronal microleakage from root canals obturated with Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch (2010) J Oral Sci, 52, pp. 83-87Shemesh, H., Wu, M.K., Wesselink, P.R., Leakage along apical root fillings with and without smear layer using two different leakage models: A two-month longitudinal ex vivo study (2006) Int Endod J, 39, pp. 968-976Shipper, G., ørstavik, D., Teixeira, F.B., Trope, M., An evaluation of microbial leakage in roots filled with a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material (Resilon) (2004) J Endod, 30, pp. 342-347Shokouhinejad, N., Sharifian, M.R., Aligholi, M., Assadian, H., Tabor, R.K., Nekoofar, M.H., The sealing ability of resilon and gutta-parcha following different smear layer removal methods: An ex vivo study (2010) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 110, pp. e45-e49Stratton, R.K., Apicella, M.J., Mines, P., A fluid filtration comparison of gutta-percha versus Resilon, a new soft resin endodontic obturation system (2006) J Endod, 32, pp. 642-645Vianna, M.E., Gomes, B.P., Sena, N.T., Zaia, A.A., Ferraz, C.C.R.F., Souza-Filho, F.J., In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of endodontic pathogens to calcium hydroxide combined with different vehicles (2005) Braz Dent J, 16, pp. 175-180Wedding, J.R., Brown, C.E., Legan, J.J., Moore, B.K., Vail, M.M., An in vitro comparison of microleakage between Resilon and guttapercha with a fluid filtration model (2007) J Endod, 33, pp. 1447-1449Zehnder, M., Root canal irrigants (2006) J Endod, 32, pp. 389-39

Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

Background The western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), is a globally invasive pest and plant virus vector on a wide array of food, fiber, and ornamental crops. The underlying genetic mechanisms of the processes governing thrips pest and vector biology, feeding behaviors, ecology, and insecticide resistance are largely unknown. To address this gap, we present theF. occidentalisdraft genome assembly and official gene set.Results We report on the first genome sequence for any member of the insect order Thysanoptera. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) assessments of the genome assembly (size = 415.8 Mb, scaffold N50 = 948.9 kb) revealed a relatively complete and well-annotated assembly in comparison to other insect genomes. The genome is unusually GC-rich (50%) compared to other insect genomes to date. The official gene set (OGS v1.0) contains 16,859 genes, of which similar to 10% were manually verified and corrected by our consortium. We focused on manual annotation, phylogenetic, and expression evidence analyses for gene sets centered on primary themes in the life histories and activities of plant-colonizing insects. Highlights include the following: (1) divergent clades and large expansions in genes associated with environmental sensing (chemosensory receptors) and detoxification (CYP4, CYP6, and CCE enzymes) of substances encountered in agricultural environments; (2) a comprehensive set of salivary gland genes supported by enriched expression; (3) apparent absence of members of the IMD innate immune defense pathway; and (4) developmental- and sex-specific expression analyses of genes associated with progression from larvae to adulthood through neometaboly, a distinct form of maturation differing from either incomplete or complete metamorphosis in the Insecta.Conclusions Analysis of theF. occidentalisgenome offers insights into the polyphagous behavior of this insect pest that finds, colonizes, and survives on a widely diverse array of plants. The genomic resources presented here enable a more complete analysis of insect evolution and biology, providing a missing taxon for contemporary insect genomics-based analyses. Our study also offers a genomic benchmark for molecular and evolutionary investigations of other Thysanoptera species.Animal science

A Comparative Study Of The Smear Layer Removal Using Scanning Electronic Microscopy And Atomic Force Microscopy

Data obtained by two different imaging techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were compared for their ability to detect smear layer on the dentin surface. Three solutions commonly employed for smear layer removal were used: 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 37% phosphoric acid. The same samples were evaluated by AFM and SEM to determine similarity or differences between the techniques. When AFM images were analyzed, more smear layer and less opening tubules were observed compared to SEM images. AFM phase contrast images were also analyzed. The results indicated that AFM topographic analysis as well as phase contrast images were by far the best methods to detect the presence of smear layer compared to SEM. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers.712125Torabinejad, M., Handysides, R., A. Khademi, A., Bakland, L.K., (2002) Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod., 94, p. 658Mello, I., Robazza, R., Antoniazzi, H., Coil, J., Oral, O., Oral, M., Oral, P., Oral, R., (2008) Endod., 106, p. 40Calas, P., Rochd, T., Michel, G., (1994) J. Endod., 20, p. 71Love, R.M., (1996) J. Endod., 22, p. 290R. Buck, A., P. Eleazer, D., R. Staat, H., Scheetz, J.P., (2001) J. Endod., 27, p. 206McComb, D., Smith, D.C., (1975) J. Endod., 1, p. 238De-Deus, G., Paciornik, S., Pinho Mauricio, M.H., Prioli, R., (2006) Int. Endod. J., 39, p. 683Paciornick, S., De-Deus, G., Reis, M.C., Pinho Mauricio, M.H., Prioli, R., (2007) J. Microsc., 225, p. 236Meyer, E., (2003) Scanning Probe Microscopy-The Lab on the Tip, , 2nd edn. Springer, GermanySmith, W.F., (1998) Princípios de Ciěncia e Engenharia dos Materiais, , 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill, PortugalDe Deus, G., (2000) Microscopia de Força Atômica In Situ e Microdureza de Dentina Submetida a Substâncias Quelantes, , M.Sc. Dissertation, PUC/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilPoletti, G., Orsini, F., Lenardi, C., Barborini, E., (2003) J. Microsc., 211, p. 249Mader, C.L., Baumgartner, J.C., Peters, D.D., (1984) J. Endod., 10, p. 477Hanznedaroglu, F., (2003) Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod., 96, p. 340González-López, S., Camejo-Aguilar, D., Sanchez-Sanchez, P., Bolaños-Carmona, V., (2006) J. Endod., 32, p. 781Gesteira, M.F.M., (2003) Rev. Ci. Biol., 2, p. 208Cury, J.A., Bragotto, C., Valdrighi, L., (1981) Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod., 52, p. 446S. Dotto, R., R. Travassos, M., De Oliveira, E.P., Machado, M.E., Martins, J.L., (2007) Aust. Endod Journal, 33, p. 62S. Calt, Serper, A., (2002) J. Endod., 28, p. 17Sayim, C.T., Serper, A.Z., Cehreli, C., Kalayci, S., (2007) J. Endod., 33, p. 581Saleh, M., I. Ruyter, E., Haapasalo, M., Ørstavik, D., (2002) Int. Endod. J., (35), p. 859Machado-Silveiro, L.F., González-López, S., González, M.P., (2004) Int. Endod. J., 37, p. 365Peréz-Heredia, M., Ferrer-Luque, C.M., González- Rodríguez, M.P., (2006) J. Endod., 32, p. 99

Adhesion Of Resin-based Sealers To Dentine: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study

Aim: To evaluate the effect of several final irrigants on the adhesion force (Fad) between dentine and resin-based sealers by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methodology: Twelve distal roots of mandibular molars were used. The roots were smoothened and cut to obtain 36 specimens. During chemomechanical preparation of the root canals, 5.25% NaOCl was used as the irrigant. The specimens were then divided into six groups according to the final irrigant used: control group - immersed in distilled water (DW) for 1 min; chlorhexidine (CHX) group - in 2% CHX for 1 min; NaOCl group - in 5.25% NaOCl for 1 min; EDTA group - in 17% EDTA for 5 min, EDTA/CHX group - in EDTA, followed by intermediate flushing with DW and then immersed in CHX; EDTA/NaOCl group - in EDTA, followed by intermediate flushing with DW and then immersed in NaOCl. After the treatments, all groups were washed with DW to remove all traces of the irrigants. Afterwards, the samples were dried and attached to a glass base. AFM tips containing AH Plus and Real Seal SE sealers were used to obtain force-distance curves with regard to dentine-treated surfaces. Data were analysed statistically using nonparametric tests with the significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: In the groups with smear layer, a final flush with CHX and NaOCl resulted in significantly higher Fad values than the control group for both sealers (P < 0.001). When smear layer was removed, the highest Fad values associated with AH Plus occurred with a final flush of NaOCl, whilst in Real Seal SE, the highest values were found with a final flush of CHX (all results significant at P < 0.001). Conclusion: Irrigants had a positive effect on the adhesion of the resin-based sealers, AH Plus and Real Seal SE, to dentine.471110521057de Assis, D.F., Prado, M., Simão, R.A., Evaluation of the interaction between endodontic sealers and dentin treated with different irrigant solutions (2011) Journal of Endodontics, 37, pp. 1550-1552de Assis, D.F., do Prado, M., Simão, R.A., Effect of disinfection solutions on the adhesion force of root canal filling materials (2012) Journal of Endodontics, 38, pp. 853-855Basrani, B.R., Santos, J.M., Tjäderhane, L., Substantive antimicrobial activity in chlorhexidine-treated human root dentin (2002) Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, 94, pp. 240-245Cappella, B., Dietler, G., Force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy (1999) Surface Science Reports, 34, pp. 1-104Cassinelli, C., Morra, M., Atomic force microscopy studies of the interaction of a dentin adhesive with tooth hard tissue (1994) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 28, pp. 1427-1431De-Deus, G., Accorsi-Mendonça, T., de Carvalho Silva, L., Leite, C.A., da Silva, D., Moreira, E.J., Self-adjusting file cleaning-shaping-irrigation system improves root-filling bond strength (2013) Journal of Endodontics, 39, pp. 254-257Erdemir, A., Ari, H., Güngüneş, H., Belli, S., Effect of medications for root canal treatment on bonding to root canal dentin (2004) Journal of Endodontics, 30, pp. 113-116Fawzy, A.S., Farghaly, A.M., Probing nano-scale adhesion force between AFM and acid demineralized intertubular dentin: moist versus dry dentin (2009) Journal of Dentistry, 37, pp. 963-969Ferraz, C.C., Gomes, B.P., Zaia, A.A., Teixeira, F.B., Souza-Filho, F.J., Comparative study of the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine solution and sodium hypochlorite as endodontic irrigants (2007) Brazilian Dental Journal, 18, pp. 294-298Gomes, B.P., Ferraz, C.C., Vianna, M.E., Berber, V.B., Teixeira, F.B., Souza-Filho, F.J., In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis (2001) International Endodontic Journal, 34, pp. 424-428Moreira, D.M., Almeida, J.F., Ferraz, C.C., Gomes, B.P., Line, S.R., Zaia, A.A., Structural analysis of bovine root dentin after use of different endodontics auxiliary chemical substances (2009) Journal of Endodontics, 35, pp. 1023-1027Naenni, N., Thoma, K., Zehnder, M., Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants (2004) Journal of Endodontics, 30, pp. 785-787Neelakantan, P., Subbarao, C., Subbarao, C.V., De-Deus, G., Zehnder, M., The impact of root dentinee conditioning on sealing ability and push-out Bond strength of na epoxy resin root canal sealer (2011) International Endodontic Journal, 44, pp. 491-498Neelakantan, P., Varughese, A.A., Sharma, S., Subbarao, C.V., Zehnder, M., De-Deus, G., Continuous chelation irrigation improves the adhesion of epoxy resin-based root canal sealer to root dentine (2012) International Endodontic Journal, 45, pp. 1097-1102Nunes, V.H., Silva, R.G., Alfredo, E., Sousa-Neto, M.D., Silva-Sousa, Y.T., Adhesion of Epiphany and AH Plus sealers to human root dentin treated with different solutions (2008) Brazilian Dental Journal, 19, pp. 46-50Paiva, S.S., Siqueira Jr, J.F., Rôças, I.N., Supplementing the antimicrobial effects of chemomechanical debridement with either passive ultrasonic irrigation or a final rinse with chlorhexidine: a clinical study (2012) Journal of Endodontics, 38, pp. 1202-1206Paiva, S.S., Siqueira Jr, J.F., Rôças, I.N., Clinical antimicrobial efficacy of NiTi rotary instrumentation with NaOCl irrigation, final rinse with chlorhexidine and interappointment medication: a molecular study (2013) International Endodontic Journal, 46, pp. 225-233Prado, M., Simão, R.A., Gomes, B.P., Effect of different irrigation protocols on resin sealer bond strength to dentin (2013) Journal of Endodontics, 39, pp. 689-692do Prado, M., Simão, R.A., Gomes, B.P., Evaluation of different irrigation protocols concerning the formation of chemical smear layer (2013) Microscopy Research and Technique, 76, pp. 196-200Rocha, A.W., de Andrade, C.D., Leitune, V.C., Influence of endodontic irrigants on resin sealer bond strength to radicular dentin (2012) The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College, 53, pp. 1-7Saleh, I.M., Ruyter, I.E., Haapasalo, M., Ørstavik, D., The effects of dentine pretreatment on the adhesion of root-canal sealers (2002) International Endodontic Journal, 35, pp. 859-866Sen, B.H., Wesselink, P.R., Türkün, M., The smear layer: a phenomenon in root canal therapy (1995) International Endodontic Journal, 28, pp. 141-148Shokouhinejad, N., Sharifian, M.R., Jafari, M., Sabeti, M.A., Push-out bond strength of Resilon/Epiphany self-etch and gutta-percha/AH26 after different irrigation protocols (2010) Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, 110, pp. e88-e92Skidmore, L.J., Berzins, D.W., Bahcall, J.K., An in vitro comparison of the intraradicular dentin bond strength of Resilon and gutta-percha (2006) Journal of Endodontics, 32, pp. 963-966Sly, M.M., Moore, B.K., Platt, J.A., Brown, C.E., Push-out bond strength of a new endodontic obturation system (Resilon/Epiphany) (2007) Journal of Endodontics, 33, pp. 160-162Sousa-Neto, M.D., Marchesan, M.A., Pécora, J.D., Brugnera-Junior, A., Silva-Sousa, Y.T.C., Saquy, P.C., Effect of Er:YAG laser on adhesion of root canal sealers (2002) Journal of Endodontics, 28, pp. 185-187Torabinejad, M., Handysides, R., Khademi, A.A., Bakland, L.K., Clinical implications of the smear layer in endodontics: a review (2002) Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, 94, pp. 658-666Vilanova, W.V., Carvalho-Junior, J.R., Alfredo, E., Sousa-Neto, M.D., Silva-Sousa, Y.T., Effect of intracanal irrigants on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based and methacrylate 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X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism In Fe/nio Thin Films

The interface of thin films of Fe/NiO (1 0 0)-oriented single crystals was studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Thin layers of Fe were removed by "in situ" sputtering, followed by XMCD measurements, resulting in a depth profile. A decrease from the bulk value in the value of the Fe moment at the interface of Fe with the antiferromagnetic NiO(1 0 0) was observed. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.2331-27477Nogués, J., Schuller, I.K., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 192, p. 203Berkowitz, A.E., Takano, K., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 200, p. 552Meiklejohn, W.H., Bean, C.P., (1956) Phys. Rev., 102, p. 1413Meiklejohn, W.H., (1962) J. Appl. Phys. Supl. V, 33, p. 1328Berkowitz, A.E., Greiner, J.H., (1965) J. Appl. Phys., 36, p. 3330Idzerda, Y.U., Chen, C.T., Lin, H.-J., Meigs, G., Ho, G.H., Kao, C.-C., (1994) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 347, p. 134Van der Laan, G., (1996) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 156, p. 99Kortright, J.B., Awschalom, D.D., Stor, J., Bader, S.D., Idzerda, Y.U., Parkin, S.S.P., Schuller, I.K., Siegmann, H.-C., (1999) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 207, p. 7Thole, B., Carra, P., Sette, F., Van der Laan, G., (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 1943Wu, R., Wang, D., Freeman, A.J., (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, p. 3581Stör, J., König, H., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, p. 3748Chen, C.T., Idzerda, Y.U., Lin, H.-J., Smith, N.V., Meigs, G., Chaban, E., Ho, G.H., Sette, F., (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, p. 152Tomaz, M.A., Antel W.J., Jr., O'Brien, W.L., Harp, G.R., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 3716Lin, T., Schwickert, M.M., Tomaz, M.A., Chen, H., Harp, G.R., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 59, p. 13911Antel W.J., Jr., Perjeru, F., Harp, G.R., (1999) Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, p. 1439Crocombette, J.P., Pollak, M., Jollet, F., Thromat, N., Gautier-Soyer, M., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 3143Kim, H.-J., Park, J.H., Vescovo, E., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 1528