84 research outputs found
The impact of artificial intelligence in society through the lens of Luhmannâs social systems theory:a systematic review
Early results from Luhmann's social systems theory observation upon the impact of AI in society:a systematic review
The effects of reproductive disorders, parity and litter size on milk yield of Serrana goats
Several reproductive factors may a ect milk yield in goats. The main aim of this study was
to evaluate the influence of reproductive disorders, parity, and litter size, and their interactions on the
150-day standardized milk yield (SMY150) of low-producing dairy goats extensively raised. A total of
148,084 lactations between 1993 and 2015 were obtained from data of the Genpro pedigree records of
the Transmontano ecotype of Serrana goat breed. The presence or absence of reproductive disorders
(RD) from late (>half) pregnancy (abortions followed by lactation) or at kidding, number of fetuses
(single vs. multiple), and parity (primiparous vs. multiparous) of the Transmontano ecotype of Serrana
goat were used as fixed e ects to fit a general linear model for a SMY150 output. A significant e ect
(p < 0.001) of all factors on SMY150, as well as three-way interactions, were observed. The SMY150
reduction subsequent to RD was 3.7% for multiparous and 9.6% for primiparous goats carrying
singletons, and 14.1% for multiparous and 18.8% primiparous goats carrying multiple fetuses. It was
concluded that a new lactation following abortion occurrence is viable for production purpose in
low-producing dairy goats under pastoralism. Nevertheless, the impact of RD on SMY150 varied
according to the number of fetuses and the parity of the Transmontano ecotype of Serrana goats.
This information should be used in decision-making practices regarding reproductive and herd
health management.This work was funded by the project UID/CVT/00772/2019 supported by the Portuguese Science and
Technology Foundation (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Udder morphometry and its relationship with intramammary infections and somatic cell count in Serrana Goats
The present study aimed to characterize the external morphological traits of the mammary gland and their relationships with the presence of intramammary infection and the somatic cell count (SCC) of Serrana goats, Transmontano ecotype. Bifurcated pendular udders, with vertical loose teats and located close to each other, are more likely to have intramammary infection, and have the highest SCC. The udder shape, symmetry, degree of suspension and degree of separation parameters have shown to be significantly different depending on SCC.This work was funded by the project UID/CVT/00772/2019 supported by the Portuguese Science and
Technology Foundation (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Consumo crĂŽnico de ração contaminada com herbicida ĂĄcido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacĂ©tico (2,4-D) em roedores: efeitos na saĂșde reprodutiva masculina
Introduction: The herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. There is evidence that this herbicide can induce deleterious effects in non-target organisms, including impairment of reproduction function. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive effects ofthe chronic consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-D in rats using food environmental spraying simulation. Methods: Animals orally exposed received nebulized chow with 2,4-D solution in different concentrations for 180 days: 0 (control - CG), 20.69 (LCG), 34.63 (MCG), or 51.66 ppm dayâ1 (HCG). Results: Sperm quality was impaired to 2,4-D. The percentage of sperm with progressive movement, number of sperm in the testis and daily sperm production were decreased in all exposed groups to the herbicide compared to CG. Sperm counts in thecaput/corpus and cauda epididymis were reduced in MCG and HCG, and sperm transit time was delayed in the epididymis of LCG. There was a negative impact on sperm morphology and plasma membrane integrity in MCG and HCG, respectively. Germ cell exfoliation within the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and epithelial vacuolization in epididymis were found in the HCG. Conclusion: This is the first study to describe the negative impact on male reproductive morphophysiology after chronic exposure to 2,4-D using food nebulization in environmentally relevant concentrations, based on agronomic use of the herbicide. The reproductive injuries identified raise concerns about the impacts of wide population exposure to 2,4-D.
 Introdução: O herbicida 2,4- ĂĄcido diclorofenoxiacĂ©tico (2,4-D) Ă© um dos agrotĂłxicos mais utilizados no mundo. HĂĄ evidĂȘncias de que este herbicida pode induzir efeitos deletĂ©rios em organismos nĂŁo-alvo, incluindo prejuĂzo na função reprodutiva. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos reprodutivos do consumo crĂŽnico de ração contaminada com 2,4-D em ratos, utilizando simulação de pulverização ambiental de alimentos. MĂ©todos: Animais expostos oralmente receberam ração nebulizada com solução de 2,4-D em diferentes concentraçÔes por 180 dias: 0 (controle - GC), 20,69 (LCG), 34,63 (MCG) ou 51,66 ppm diaâ1 (HCG). Resultados: A qualidade espermĂĄtica foi prejudicada pelo 2,4-D. A porcentagem de espermatozoides com movimento progressivo, nĂșmero de espermatozoides no testĂculo e produção diĂĄria de espermatozoides foram menores em todos os grupos expostos ao herbicida, quando comparados ao GC. A contagem de espermatozoides na cabeça/corpo e cauda do epidĂdimo foi reduzida em MCG e HCG, e o tempo de trĂąnsito espermĂĄtico atrasou no epidĂdimo em LCG. Houve impacto negativo na morfologia espermĂĄtica e na integridade da membrana plasmĂĄtica em MCG e HCG, respectivamente. Esfoliação de cĂ©lulas germinativas no lĂșmen dos tĂșbulos seminĂferos e vacuolização epitelial no epidĂdimo foram encontradas em HCG. ConclusĂŁo: Este Ă© o primeiro estudo a descrever o impacto negativo na morfofisiologia reprodutiva masculina apĂłs exposição crĂŽnica ao 2,4-D, utilizando nebulização de alimentos em concentraçÔes ambientalmente relevantes, com base no uso agronĂŽmico do herbicida. As lesĂ”es reprodutivas identificadas levantam preocupaçÔes sobre os impactos da ampla exposição da população ao 2,4-D
Solid Waste Generated by Amazon and TapajĂłs River Vessels: An Environmental Education Activity
Given the lack of research on solid waste generated by vessels and often incorrectly discarded, it became clear the need for a new methodological approach focusing on the knowledge of this theme. Thus this study was conducted focusing on the process of awareness of users of a vessel that made the route that traveled the Amazon River and TapajĂłs, using an environmental awareness activity, with results and immediate observations. From this, the waste was quantified before and after the interventions, which occurred from the clarification of the environment, solid waste generation, natural resources, water, among others. The research took place aboard a vessel that connects Manaus-AM to Alenquer-PA, evaluating the before and after the intervention. Given this, it is verified that the evaluation process achieved positive results in the minimization of solid waste generated, ensuring that the study has immediate effect, but the intervention measures need time for consolidation, given the responsibility of environmental education, which needs different approaches, under different eyes and with depth of knowledge, even if it requires a long-term process. Therefore, the importance of this type of activity is verified, aiming at the correct destination of the solid waste generated, in any circumstance, mainly in vessels, in different rivers, considering the condition of this natural resource. In addition, user awareness and education through environmental education is mandatory to better understand the impacts caused by different changes over time and needs to be an effective tool to ensure the success of habit transformation processes and quality improvement of life
Steroidogenesis-related gene expression in the rat ovary exposed to melatonin supplementation
OBJECTIVE: To analyze steroidogenesis-related gene expression in the rat ovary exposed to melatonin supplementation. METHODS: Thirty-two virgin adult female rats were randomized to two groups as follows: the control group GI received vehicle and the experimental group GII received melatonin supplementation (10 ”g/night per animal) for 60 consecutive days. After the treatment, animals were anesthetized and the collected ovaries were immediately placed in liquid nitrogen for complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analyses. A GeneChip¯ Kit Rat Genome 230 2.0 Affymetrix Array was used for gene analysis and the experiment was repeated three times for each group. The results were normalized with the GeneChip¯ Operating Software program and confirmed through analysis with the secondary deoxyribonucleic acid-Chip Analyzer (dChip) software. The data were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Genes related to ovarian function were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We found the upregulation of the type 9 adenylate cyclase and inhibin beta B genes and the downregulation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element modulator and cytochrome P450 family 17a1 genes in the ovarian tissue of GII compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that melatonin supplementation decreases gene expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which changes ovarian steroidogenesis
Exercise lowers blood pressure in university professors during subsequent teaching and sleeping hours
DETERMINAĂĂO DO PERĂODO REPRODUTIVO E DO TAMANHO DE MATURAĂĂO FUNCIONAL DOS OVĂRIOS DE UCIDES CORDATUS (LINNAEUS, 1763) (BRACHYURA, OCYPODIDAE) NA BAĂA DE VITĂRIA, ESPĂRITO SANTO.
O caranguejo Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), conhecido vulgarmente como caranguejo-uçå, destaca-se como importante recurso pesqueiro na costa Brasileira, possuindo legislação especĂfica para sua proteção. Este estudo teve como objetivo a anĂĄlise do perĂodo reprodutivo e o tamanho de primeira maturação de fĂȘmeas de U. cordatus, como subsĂdio Ă legislação de proteção Ă espĂ©cie no Estado do EspĂrito Santo. Os animais foram coletados mensalmente, em uma ĂĄrea do manguezal da BaĂa de VitĂłria (20Âș 14â 20â S e 40Âș 18â 30â W), no municĂpio da Serra, ES, durante o perĂodo de um ano (outubro de 1998 a setembro de 1999). As coletas foram realizadas manualmente com o auxĂlio de caranguejeiros. No laboratĂłrio, procedeu-se Ă biometria dos caranguejos. As 280 fĂȘmeas coletadas foram mensuradas, pesadas e a presença de ovos nos pleĂłpodos, registrada. A determinação do perĂodo reprodutivo foi feita atravĂ©s da anĂĄlise da Relação GonadossomĂĄtica, do Fator de Condição AlomĂ©trico e da presença de fĂȘmeas ovĂgeras. No ano analisado, o perĂodo reprodutivo estendeu-se de dezembro a abril. O tamanho mĂnimo de primeira maturação das fĂȘmeas foi de 43,2 mm de largura e 32,7 mm de comprimento de carapaça
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