447 research outputs found
Fractional Cable Model for Signal Conduction in Spiny Neuronal Dendrites
The cable model is widely used in several fields of science to describe the
propagation of signals. A relevant medical and biological example is the
anomalous subdiffusion in spiny neuronal dendrites observed in several studies
of the last decade. Anomalous subdiffusion can be modelled in several ways
introducing some fractional component into the classical cable model. The
Chauchy problem associated to these kind of models has been investigated by
many authors, but up to our knowledge an explicit solution for the signalling
problem has not yet been published. Here we propose how this solution can be
derived applying the generalized convolution theorem (known as Efros theorem)
for Laplace transforms. The fractional cable model considered in this paper is
defined by replacing the first order time derivative with a fractional
derivative of order of Caputo type. The signalling problem is
solved for any input function applied to the accessible end of a semi-infinite
cable, which satisfies the requirements of the Efros theorem. The solutions
corresponding to the simple cases of impulsive and step inputs are explicitly
calculated in integral form containing Wright functions. Thanks to the
variability of the parameter , the corresponding solutions are expected
to adapt to the qualitative behaviour of the membrane potential observed in
experiments better than in the standard case .Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1702.0533
Time Fractional Cable Equation And Applications in Neurophysiology
We propose an extension of the cable equation by introducing a Caputo time
fractional derivative. The fundamental solutions of the most common boundary
problems are derived analitically via Laplace Transform, and result be written
in terms of known special functions. This generalization could be useful to
describe anomalous diffusion phenomena with leakage as signal conduction in
spiny dendrites. The presented solutions are computed in Matlab and plotted.Comment: 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1702.0532
Emergence of Fractional Kinetics in Spiny Dendrites
Fractional extensions of the cable equation have been proposed in the
literature to describe transmembrane potential in spiny dendrites. The
anomalous behavior has been related in the literature to the geometrical
properties of the system, in particular, the density of spines, by experiments,
computer simulations, and in comb-like models.~The same PDE can be related to
more than one stochastic process leading to anomalous diffusion behavior. The
time-fractional diffusion equation can be associated to a continuous time
random walk (CTRW) with power-law waiting time probability or to a special case
of the Erd\'ely-Kober fractional diffusion, described by the ggBm. In this
work, we show that time fractional generalization of the cable equation arises
naturally in the CTRW by considering a superposition of Markovian processes and
in a {\it ggBm-like} construction of the random variable.Comment: 8 page
Modeling of birth-death and diffusion processes in biological complex environments
This thesis is centered on the theory of stochastic processes and their applications in biological systems characterized by a complex environment. Three case studies
have been modeled by the use of the three fundamental tools of stochastic processes: the master equation (ME), the stochastic differential equation (SDE) and the partial
differential equation (PDE). The principal approach here applied to deal with complexity is the characterization of the system by means of probability distributions describing each a parameter of the model or the introduction of fractional order derivatives to include non-local and memory effects maintaining the linearity in the equations.
In Chapter 1 we briefly review the theory of stochastic processes.
In Chapter 2 we derive a birth-death process master equation to test if Long Interspersed Elements (LINEs) can be modeled according to the neutral theory of biodiversity.
In Chapter 3 we derive a model of anomalous diffusion based on a Langevin approach in which anomalous behavior arise in the asymptotic intermediate state as a consequence of the heterogeneity of the system, from the superposition of Ornstein-Uhlenback processes.
In Chapter 4 we propose an extension of the cable equation, used to describe anomalous diffusion phenomena as the signal conduction in spiny dendrites, by introducing a Caputo time fractional derivative
MACSUR Project – The case study of vineyards. Eco-physiological and biophysical modeling applied to the growth and productivity of vineyards in northwestern Italy.
Storage and Dissipation of Energy in Prabhakar Viscoelasticity
In this paper, after a brief review of the physical notion of quality factor in viscoelasticity, we present a complete discussion of the attenuation processes emerging in the Maxwell-Prabhakar model, recently developed by Giusti and Colombaro. Then, taking profit of some illuminating plots, we discuss some potential connections between the presented model and the modern mathematical modelling of seismic processes
Exploitation of Tartary Buckwheat as Sustainable Ingredient for Healthy Foods Production
AbstractTartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) is a minor crop belonging to the Polygonaceae family that can be considered as sustainable crop thanks to its low input requirements. It is a pseudo-cereal known for its high healthy value related to antioxidant compounds present in its grains. For this reason it could be employed for the production of functional foods. This paper as well as reviewing about the agronomical and nutritional traits of buckwheat also provides the latest experimental results achieved by ENEA research activities
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