Microbiological characteristics of poultry meats - Results of inspections carried out in the province of Milano, Italy

Examinations were conducted in terms of microbiological quality/quantity (TMC, Coliforms, E. coli, S. aureus, Sulphate-reducing Clostridia, B. cereus, Salmonella spp. and Lysteria spp. and Campylobacter spp.) on 240 poultry meat samples (chicken, turkey and quail) acquired pursuant to the standards set by the Regional Plan of programming and coordination in the field of operations concerning official inspections of Lombardia animal origin and by a few private companies for self-inspection. The TMC was consistently low and in line with reports in the literature, as was the case with coliforms, E. coli, S. aureus, sulphatereducing Clostrides and B. cereus. In the case of Salmonella spp., only 5 samples tested positive: one for S. typhimurium and one for S. enteritidis (chicken); only one sample from turkey tested positive for S. blokley, and two out of five samples analysed from quail tested positive result for S. typhimurium. About 3% of the samples analyzed tested positive for Listeria monocitogenes, but they were within the legal limits. Research on Campylobacter thermophiles has involved only 50 samples, of which only 5 have tested positive. These results confirm the high quality of hygiene and cleanliness of poultry meat, in accordance with that reported in the national literature and with respect to EU norms

Hacia la certificación regional de la edificación sustentable

El presente trabajo indaga en las inquietudes surgidas en Latinoamérica respecto a la puesta en práctica de la sustentabilidad en edificios, en particular, sobre la aplicación de sistemas de calificación y certificación de edificación sustentable, poniendo en tela de juicio los criterios y métodos empleados en sistemas instaurados en países altamente industrializados y de gran desarrollo económico. En este contexto, se analiza el estado actual y la evaluación de los avances, limitaciones y posibilidades de la certificación de sustentabilidad de la edificación en la región, argumentando la necesidad de adoptar sistemas reconocidos, transparentes y eficaces para promover, identificar y cuantificar niveles de sustentabilidad, mostrando las limitaciones de poneren practica sistemas desarrollados en otros ámbitos. También se dan ejemplos de avances a través de diversas acciones y se reconocen iniciativas valiosas en la producción de proyectos verdes que logran cambios en el mercado.This paper investigates the concerns raised in Latin America regarding the implementation of sustainability in buildings, in particular, on the implementation of rating systems and green building certification, putting into question the criteria and methods used in systems instituted in highly industrialized and developed economically. In this context, we analyze the current status and assessment of progress, constraints and opportunities of sustainability certification of the building in the region, arguing the need for systems recognized, transparent and effective to promote, identify and quantify levels sustainability, showing the limitations of implementing systems developed in other fields. There are also examples of progress through various actions and initiatives are recognized valuable in producing green projects that achieve market changes

Foodborne Salmonellosis in Italy: Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Monophasic Variant 4,[5],12:i- Isolated from Salami and Human Patients.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- (VMSTm) have been responsible for an increased number of foodborne infections in humans in Europe in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of three foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks that occurred in Pavia Province (Lombardy region, northern Italy) in 2010. Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the STm and VMSTm isolates from patients and from food that were recovered in the framework of the three outbreaks were evaluated through serotyping, phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Salami from three artisan producers, which had all purchased meat from the same slaughterhouse, was the food source of infection in outbreak I. STm isolates were recovered from salami and patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis. These isolates had the same PFGE type and the same rare MLVA profile (3-18-9-NA-211). The same molecular profiles were found in an STm isolate from a salami, which likely was the source of another family outbreak (II). A VMSTm strain with common phenotypic and molecular profiles was isolated from three hospitalized patients and identified as the cause of another putative outbreak (III). During the following 3 years (2011 through 2013), 360 salami produced in Pavia Province were monitored for the presence of S. enterica . In 2011, no STm and VMSTm isolates were recovered from 159 salami tested. During 2012 and 2013, 13.9% of 201 tested salami harbored S. enterica , and half of the isolates were VMSTm, mainly in salami from those artisan producers involved in the previous outbreaks. These isolates were genetically variable, especially in terms of MLVA profiles. The data collected suggest that from 2012, VMSTm has replaced STm in the environments of the salami producers monitored in this study, and these data confirm the dominance of this emergent serovar along the pork supply chain

Hábitat sustentable

1 archivo PDF (286 páginas) : incluye ilustraciones blanco y negro y colorConsta de cuatro artículos que plantean principios y lineamientos básicos sobre temas de sustentabilidad y 13 casos que ejemplifican intervención sustentable o que abordan temas relevantes del mismo de sitios singulares en el mundo donde estas prácticas del hábitat sustentable presentan diferentes niveles de desarrollo e instauración: Norteamérica, América Latina y Europa... PALABRAS CLAVE: Sustainable architecture. Sustainable development. City planning.1. Presentación / Sergio Padilla Galicia y Víctor Fuentes Freixanet -- 2. Estrategias y proyectos sustentable en el urbanismo internacional. Experiencias del SUI / Sergio Padilla Galicia -- 3. Conceptos para ciudades sustentables, la experiencia de Albert Speer & Partner (AS&P) / Christof Göbel -- 4. El libro verde del urbanismo: la apuesta europea de sostenibilidad / Elizabeth Espinosa Dorantes -- 5. Movilidad sustentable y equitativa / Bernardo Baranda Sepúlveda y Xavier Treviño Theesz -- 6. Densidad y calidad ambiental: lo inevitable, lo deseable y lo posible / Denise Helena Silva Duarte -- 7. El clima urbano de Oporto: oportunidad para repensar la sustentabilidad del territorio y retomar los ritmos de la naturaleza / Ana Monteiro y Helena Madureira -- 8. Áreas verdes en una ciudad sustentable: el caso de Wroclaw, Polonia / Leszek Maluga -- 9. Chicago Climate Action Plan: lo verde en la ciudad / Jorge del Arenal Fenochio -- 10. Reciclamiento urbano: arte y espacio público en Seattle / Guillermo Díaz Arellano -- 11. Hacia un desarrollo urbano sustentable en la ciudad de México / Jorge Legorreta Gutiérrez -- 12. Escenarios hacia la sustentabilidad en Tepotzotlán, Estado de México / Gloria Castorena, Aníbal Figueroa y Carl Stenitz -- 13. Desarrollos urbanos integrales sustentables (DUIS c): una opción para las futuras ciudades de México / Alfonso Rivas Cruces y Eduardo Langagne Ortega -- 14. Hacia la certificación regional de la edificación sustentable / Aníbal Figueroa Castrejón, Silvia de Schiller, Jhon Martín Evans, Bruno Stagno y Susana Colmegna -- 15. Alemanía: aplicación de estándares energéticos en la arquitectura / Michael Peters y Christof Göbel -- 16. Arquitectura responsable: la sustentabilidad en Chile / Javier del Río Ojeda -- 17. Arquitectura vernácula y sustentabilidad: dos casos del sureste mexicano / Víctor Fuentes Freixanet y Olinka González Mejía -- 18. Diseño de vivienda social en México, su adaptación al cambio climático y catástrofes naturales / Dulce Romina Gómez Menéndez

Classifying Adults with Binge Eating Disorder Based on Severity Levels

The clinical utility of the severity criterion for binge eating disorder (BED), introduced in the DSM-5 as a means of addressing heterogeneity and variability in the severity of this disorder, was evaluated in 189 treatment-seeking adults with (DSM-5) BED. Participants classified with mild, moderate, severe and extreme severity of BED, based on their weekly frequency of binge eating episodes, differed significantly from each other in body mass index (BMI), eating disorder features, putative factors involved in the maintenance process of the disorder, comorbid mood, anxiety and personality disorders, psychological distress, social maladjustment and illness-specific functional impairment (medium-to-large effect sizes). They were also statistically distinguishable in metabolic syndrome prevalence, even after adjusting for BMI (large effect size), suggesting the possibility of non-BMI-mediated mechanisms. The implications of the findings, providing support for the utility of the binge frequency as a severity criterion for BED, and directions for future research are outlined