Expectativas Inflacionárias e Inflação Implícita no Mercado Brasileiro

The trade volume of inflation indexed bonds has grown substantially in the treasury debt market. These bonds have been used as an important instrument for both diversifying investor´s portfolio, for managing firms´ liabilities and, mainly, for extracting inflation expectations by policymakers. This paper adds to the literature in twofold. First, we apply methodologies to obtain inflation expectations. Thus, we modified the method used in Durham (2007) to estimate the inflation risk premium. Second, we apply these methods in the Brazilian debt market for inflation indexed bonds issued from 2006 to 2008. Our results show that these methods perform better about inflation expectations, providing a more robust support for policymakers´ decisions.

Simulation and experimental characterization of SOA-MZI-based multiwavelength conversion

We present, for the first time, extensive simulation and experimental characterizations of single SOA-MZI-based multiwavelength conversion (MWC) of NRZ data at 10 Gb/s and RZ data at 40 Gb/s under various parametric conditions deploying ITU standard 100- and 200-GHz channel spacing. We analyze, in particular, the physical performance impairments caused by high-order four-wave mixing interference. Our simulation results indicate the promising performance of the MWC up to eight channels with 200-GHz channel spacing. We further experimentally demonstrate four-channel 10-Gb/s error-free MWC with signal regeneration possibilities and 40-Gb/s MWC with moderate penalties, based on commercially available integrated SOA-MZIs. We obtained clear, open converted eye diagrams and achieved negligible difference in channel performance among all MWC channels at both bit rates. Our results proved the excellent performance of a simple scheme for various future network and system applications, such as all-optical wavelength multicast and grid networking

Expectativas inflacionárias e inflação implícita: será que pesquisas de mercado fornecem medidas precisas?

In recent years bonds indexed to inflation rates have experienced a tremendous growth in trading volumes. These securities have become an important tool for the diversification of investors' portfolios, to liability management and especially to gauge the expectations of monetary authorities. In this environment, this study contributes as it presents an amended methodology to estimate the inflation risk premium and in applying different methodologies in the Brazilian market. The results indicate that implicit inflation measures with or without adjustment of the inflation risk premium return the smallest forecast errors in relation to the IPCA of measurement period.Nos últimos anos os títulos indexados em índices inflacionários têm experimentado um grande crescimento nos volumes negociados. Estes títulos tornaram-se um importante instrumento para a diversificação das carteiras dos investidores, para administração de passivos e principalmente para aferição de expectativas de autoridades monetárias. Neste ambiente, este trabalho contribui ao apresentar uma metodologia modificada de estimação do prêmio de risco de inflação e por aplicar diferentes metodologias no mercado brasileiro. Os resultados indicam que as medidas de inflação implícita com ou sem ajuste do prêmio de risco de inflação retornam os menores erros de previsão em relação ao IPCA ocorrido

Bacterial diversity of soil under eucalyptus assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis

Estudos sobre impacto do Eucalyptus spp. em solos brasileiros têm focalizado propriedades químicas do solo e isolamento de microrganismos de interesse. No Brasil há pouco enfoque em ecologia e diversidade microbiana, devido às limitações dos métodos tradicionais de cultivo e isolamento. A utilização de métodos moleculares no estudo da ecologia microbiana baseados na amplificação por PCR do 16S rDNA têm enriquecido o conhecimento da biodiversidade microbiana dos solos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar e estimar a diversidade bacteriana de comunidades simpátricas em solos de duas áreas: uma floresta nativa (NFA) e outra adjacente com arboreto de eucaliptos (EAA). Oligonucleotídeos iniciadores foram utilizados para amplificar o 16S rDNA metagenômico do solo, o qual foi clonado usando pGEM-T e seqüenciado para determinar a diversidade bacteriana. Foram analisados 134 clones do solo NFA e 116 clones do solo EAA. As seqüências foram comparadas às depositadas no GenBank. Análises filogenéticas revelaram diferenças entre os tipos de solos e alta diversidade em ambas comunidades. No solo de arboreto de Eucalyptus spp. foi encontrada maior diversidade bacteriana em comparação com o solo da área de floresta nativa.Studies on the impact of Eucalyptus spp. on Brazilian soils have focused on soil chemical properties and isolating interesting microbial organisms. Few studies have focused on microbial diversity and ecology in Brazil due to limited coverage of traditional cultivation and isolation methods. Molecular microbial ecology methods based on PCR amplified 16S rDNA have enriched the knowledge of soils microbial biodiversity. The objective of this work was to compare and estimate the bacterial diversity of sympatric communities within soils from two areas, a native forest (NFA) and an eucalyptus arboretum (EAA). PCR primers, whose target soil metagenomic 16S rDNA were used to amplify soil DNA, were cloned using pGEM-T and sequenced to determine bacterial diversity. From the NFA soil 134 clones were analyzed, while 116 clones were analyzed from the EAA soil samples. The sequences were compared with those online at the GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses revealed differences between the soil types and high diversity in both communities. Soil from the Eucalyptus spp. arboretum was found to have a greater bacterial diversity than the soil investigated from the native forest area

Inimigos naturais em horta agroecológica no município de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil.

Para alternativas mais sustentáveis de manejo de pragas é preciso incorporar outros níveis hierárquicos de análise, tais como as comunidades de insetos e seu papel ecológico, havendo necessidade de treinamento de técnicos e estudantes dentro deste novo paradigma. Para tanto foi implementada uma horta agroecológica com corredores de vegetação natural na Embrapa Meio-Norte/UEP Parnaíba para estudos envolvendo caracterização de plantas espontâneas e inimigos naturais, visando compreender o papel da biodiversidade local no manejo de pragas. Foram registrados potenciais predadores pertencentes às famílias Reduviidae (Hemiptera), Syrphidae (Diptera), Vespidae (Hymenoptera), Coccinelidae e Carabidae (Coleoptera). Em relação às aranhas, foram registradas espécies das famílias Araneidae, Salticidae, Oxyopidae e Thomisidae. Embora os dados refiram-se a um número muito pequeno de coletas, restritas a um período curto de tempo, observou-se ausência de inimigos naturais da família Staphylinidae e parasitóides da Ordem Hymenoptera, registrados para cultivo de alface no sul do Brasil, onde, por outro lado, não foi registrada presença de reduvídeos e vespídeos.Edição dos Resumos do 5º Congresso Brasileiro de Agroecologia Guarapari, ES, 2007

Outbreak of avian malaria associated to multiple species of plasmodium in magellanic penguins undergoing rehabilitation in Southern Brazil

Avian malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium spp. Avian plasmodia are recognized conservationthreatening pathogens due to their potential to cause severe epizootics when introduced to bird populations with which they did not co-evolve. Penguins are considered particularly susceptible, as outbreaks in captive populations will often lead to high morbidity and rapid mortality. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate an outbreak of avian malaria in 28 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a rehabilitation center during summer 2009 in Florianópolis, Brazil. Hemosporidian infections were identified by microscopic and molecular characterization in 64% (18/28) of the penguins, including Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) tejerai, Plasmodium (Huffia) elongatum, a Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) sp. Lineage closely related to Plasmodium cathemerium, and a Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus) sp. lineage closely related to Haemoproteus syrnii. P. tejerai played a predominant role in the studied outbreak and was identified in 72% (13/18) of the hemosporidian-infected penguins, and in 89% (8/9) of the penguins that died, suggesting that this is a highly pathogenic parasite for penguins; a detailed description of tissue meronts and lesions is provided. Mixed infections were identified in three penguins, and involved P. elongatum and either P. tejerai or P. (Haemamoeba) sp. that were compatible with P. tejerai but could not be confirmed. In total, 32% (9/28) penguins died over the course of 16 days despite oral treatment with chloroquine followed by sulfadiazine-trimethoprim. Hemosporidian infections were considered likely to have occurred during rehabilitation, probably from mosquitoes infected while feeding on local native birds, whereas penguin-mosquitopenguin transmission may have played a role in later stages of the outbreak. Considering the seasonality of the infection, rehabilitation centers would benefit from narrowing their efforts to preventavian malaria outbreaks to the penguins that are maintained throughout summerFAPESP 2009/53956-9, 2010/51801-5FAPEMIGCAPESCNP

Mutational spectrum of GNAL, THAP1 and TOR1A genes in isolated dystonia: study in a population from Spain and systematic literature review

[Objective] We aimed to investigate the prevalence of TOR1A, GNAL and THAP1 variants as the cause of dystonia in a cohort of Spanish patients with isolated dystonia and in the literature.[Methods] A population of 2028 subjects (including 1053 patients with different subtypes of isolated dystonia and 975 healthy controls) from southern and central Spain was included. The genes TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were screened using a combination of high-resolution melting analysis and direct DNA resequencing. In addition, an extensive literature search to identify original articles (published before 10 August 2020) reporting mutations in TOR1A, THAP1 or GNAL associated to dystonia was performed.[Results] Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were identified in 0.48%, 0.57% and 0.29% of our patients, respectively. Five patients carried the variation p.Glu303del in TOR1A. A very rare variant in GNAL (p.Ser238Asn) was found as a putative risk factor for dystonia. In the literature, variations in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL accounted for about 6%, 1.8% and 1.1% of published dystonia patients, respectively.[Conclusions] There is a different genetic contribution to dystonia of these three genes in our patients (about 1.3% of patients) and in the literature (about 3.6% of patients), probably due the high proportion of adult-onset cases in our cohort. As regards age at onset, site of dystonia onset, and final distribution, in our population there is a clear differentiation between DYT-TOR1A and DYT-GNAL, with DYT-THAP1 likely to be an intermediate phenotype.This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute-European Regional Development Fund (ISCIII-FEDER) [PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576], the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Economics, Innovation, Science and Employment [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health and Welfare [PI-0741-2010, PI-0471-2013, PE-0210-2018, PI-0459-2018, PE-0186-2019], and the Alicia Koplowitz and Mutua Madrileña Foundations. Pilar Gómez-Garre was supported by the "Miguel Servet" program [MSII14/00018] (from ISCIII-FEDER) and “Nicolás Monardes” program [C-0048-2017] (from the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health). Silvia Jesús was supported by the "Juan Rodés" program [B-0007-2019] and Daniel Macías-García by the “Río Hortega” program [CM18/00142] (both from ISCIII-FEDER). María Teresa Periñán was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU16/05061]. Cristina Tejera was supported by VPPI-US from the University of Seville.Peer reviewe

High morbid-mortability and reduced level of osteoporosis diagnosis among elderly people who had hip fractures in São Paulo City

OBJECTIVE: To know the morbid-mortality following an osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly patients living in São Paulo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study evaluated prospectively all patient over 60 years admitted in 2 school-hospitals in the city of São Paulo in a following 6-month period due to a osteoporotic proximal femur fracture. All of them filled up the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and had their chart reviewed. After 6 months they were re-interviewed. Linear regression analysis was utilized to determine the factors related to functional ability. RESULTS: 56 patients were included (mean age 80.7 ± 7.9 years old, 80.4% females). After the 6-month follow up the mortality rate was 23.2%. Only 30% of the patients returned to their previous activities, and 11.6% became totally dependent. Factors related to worse functional ability after fracture were HAQ before fracture, institutionalization after fracture and age (r² 0.482). The diagnosis of osteoporosis was informed only by 13.9% of them, and just 11.6% received any treatment for that. CONCLUSION: Our results showed the great impact of these fractures on mortality and in the functional ability of these patients. Nevertheless, many of our physicians do not inform the patients about the diagnosis of osteoporosis and, consequently, the treatment of this condition is jeopardized.As fraturas osteoporóticas de fêmur proximal trazem graves conseqüências quanto à morbimortalidade e à qualidade de vida, mas desconhece-se este impacto no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Conhecer a morbimortalidade decorrente deste tipo de fraturas em idosos na cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes com mais de 60 anos internados por fraturas de fêmur proximal durante seis meses, em dois hospitais de São Paulo. Os pacientes preencheram o questionário de capacidade funcional (HAQ), tiveram seu prontuário examinado e foram reavaliados após seis meses. Utilizou-se a análise de regressão linear para determinar os fatores relacionados à capacidade funcional. RESULTADOS: Cinqüenta e seis pacientes foram incluídos no estudo (80,7 ± 7,9 anos; 80,4% mulheres). A mortalidade em seis meses foi de 23,2%. Apenas 30% retornaram plenamente às suas atividades prévias e 11,6% tornaram-se completamente dependentes. Os fatores que mais bem conseguiram prever pior capacidade funcional após a fratura foram HAQ pré-fratura, institucionalização pós-fratura e idade (r² 0,482). Somente 13,9% receberam o diagnóstico de osteoporose e 11,6% iniciaram algum tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram o impacto deste tipo de fraturas sobre a mortalidade e a capacidade funcional. Entretanto, a falha médica no diagnóstico e na orientação de tratamento da osteoporose permanece elevada.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Departamento de OrtopediaUNIFESP-EPM EPMUNIFESP, EPM, EPMSciEL