Smoking and COVID-19: current evidence from Italy and the world

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The choice of Milan. Smoking and air pollution

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Smoking behaviour, involuntary smoking, attitudes towards smoke-free legislations, and tobacco control activities in the European Union

The six most important cost-effective policies on tobacco control can be measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The objective of our study was to describe the correlation between the TCS and smoking prevalence, self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes towards smoking restrictions in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27)

Laryngeal cancer in women: tobacco, alcohol, nutritional, and hormonal factors

Laryngeal cancer is the neoplasm with the largest male to female sex ratio in most populations. Thus, inadequate data are available on women. We analyzed several risk factors in the combined dataset from two case-control studies conducted between 1986 and 2000 in northern Italy and Switzerland. Cases were 68 women under age 79 years, with incident, histologically confirmed cancer of the larynx. Controls were 340 women, admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases, for acute, nonmalignant conditions, unrelated to tobacco and alcohol consumption. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression models, conditioned by age, study center and year of interview, and including terms for education, body mass index, tobacco, alcohol drinking, and nonalcohol energy intake. Laryngeal cancer was strongly associated with cigarette smoking (OR = 435.7, 95% CI: 38.2-4964.4 for smokers of &gt;/=25 cigarettes/day) and alcohol drinking (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 0.8-24.1 for &gt;/=5 drinks/day). An inverse relation was found for vegetables (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9 for the highest level of consumption), fruit (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-1.3), and olive oil (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9). Reproductive and hormonal factors were not consistently associated to laryngeal cancer risk. This investigation, based on a uniquely large number of laryngeal cancers in women, provides definite evidence that cigarette smoking is the prominent risk factor for laryngeal cancer in women, accounting for 78% of cases in this population. Alcohol and selected dietary aspects account for approximately 30% of cases, whereas menstrual and hormonal factors do not appear to have a consistent role in laryngeal carcinogenesis. [Authors]]]> Female ; Laryngeal Neoplasms oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_9467963592D5 2022-05-07T01:23:04Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_9467963592D5 Marseille est dans la rue : Mesures de la conflictualité sociale Fillieule, Olivier Sommier , Isabelle info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 2018 Marseille années 68 Fillieule, Olivier (ed.) Sommier, Isabelle (ed.) fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_946A751E392E 2022-05-07T01:23:04Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_946A751E392E De mouillering in het Horn-, Thorn- en Weertlands: Een dialectgeografisch en taalhistorisch onderzoek de Vaan, Michiel info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2017 Jaarboek van de Vereniging voor Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde, vol. 19, pp. 53-88 dut oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_946ABACA1829 2022-05-07T01:23:04Z openaire documents <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_946ABACA1829 High-throughput targeted screening in triple-negative breast cancer cells identifies Wnt-inhibiting activities in Pacific brittle stars. info:doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12232-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41598-017-12232-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/28931883 Blagodatski, A. Cherepanov, V. Koval, A. Kharlamenko, V.I. Khotimchenko, Y.S. Katanaev, V.L. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2017-09-20 Scientific reports, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 11964 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/2045-2322 urn:issn:2045-2322 <![CDATA[Pro-proliferative oncogenic signaling is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Specific targeting of such signaling pathways is one of the main approaches to modern anti-cancer drug discovery, as opposed to more traditional search for general cytotoxic agents. Natural products, especially from marine sources, represent a largely untapped source of chemical diversity, which so far have mostly been screened for cytotoxicity. Here we present a pioneering pipeline of high-throughput screening of marine-based activities targeted against the Wnt signaling pathway, which is one of the key factors in oncogenic transformation, growth and metastasis in different cancers, including the devastating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) currently lacking any targeted therapies. This pipeline consisted of collection and characterization of numerous invertebrates during the SokhoBio expedition to the Kuril Basin in North Pacific, preparation of extracts from these specimen, and their screening in dedicated assays monitoring Wnt signaling in TNBC cells. This approach yielded a number of promising hits, including highly specific anti-Wnt activities targeting multiple levels within the Wnt pathway from Ophiura irrorata and other Pacific brittle stars

Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in a representative sample of Italian adults

Background:&nbsp;Diabetes mellitus is a dramatic epidemic worldwide. This study providea an updated estimate of itsprevalence and determinants among Italian adults. Methods:&nbsp;Data were derived from a face-to-face survey conducted in 2013 on 2901 individuals (1391 men, 1510 women) aged ≥18 years, representative of the general adult Italian population. Odds ratios (OR) for diabetes&nbsp;versus&nbsp;non diabetes in relation to selected risk factors were derived using multiple logistic regression models. Results:&nbsp;Overall, 135 out of 2901 adults (4.7%) reported a diagnosis of diabetes, with similar prevalence in men (4.8%) and in women (4.5%). Diabetes increased with age (0.6% at age 18-44, 5.1% at age 45-64, and 11.3% at age ≥65 years; p-trend &lt;0.001) and decreased with increasing level of education (12.8% for low, 7.8% for middle, and 1.4% for high education; p-trend &lt;0.001). Prevalence was higher among obese subjects (10.8%) compared to normal weight subjects (3.1%; OR=2.46; p-trend=0.001), among individuals reporting a physical activity &lt;30 minutes of walk/day (5.6%) compared to those reporting &gt;60 minutes of walk/day (3.8%; OR=1.43), and among ex-smokers (11.6%) compared to never smokers (4.2%; OR=2.51); moreover, it was lower among moderate drinkers (3.1%) than among abstainers (6.1%; OR=0.57; p-trend=0.016). Prevalence of diabetes was 16.1% in individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension (OR=4.66), 15.2% in those with high cholesterol (OR=3.84), and 21.6% among aspirin users (OR=4.46). Conclusion:&nbsp;Although diabetes prevalence in Italy is still comparatively low, effective clinical and preventive intervention strategies – focused on major risk behaviors – should be implemented to control the diffusion of this condition

The unjustified fiscal and regulatory benefits of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products in Italy

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Secondhand smoke presence in outdoor areas in 12 European countries

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Altres ajuts: Italian League Against Cancer (LILT)Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) causes morbidity and mortality among non-smokers. Objectives: To investigate SHS presence in outdoor areas from 12 European countries and its association with country-level characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed in 2017-2018 within the TackSHS project. We conducted a face-to-face survey on a representative sample of the population aged 15 years and older from 12 European countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain. Out of 11,902 participants, 8,562 were non-smokers. SHS presence was assessed in selected outdoor areas and defined as respondents viewing someone smoking the last time they visited each setting within the last 6 months. A ranking score for outdoor SHS presence was assigned to each country based on the SHS presence in each setting. We used Spearman's correlation (r) and the Chi-squared tests to assess the relationship between SHS presence and country-level characteristics. Results: Except for children's playgrounds (39.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 37.6%-41.3%), more than half of non-smokers reported SHS presence in outdoor areas: schools (52.0%; 95%CI: 50.2%-53.7%), stadia (57.4%; 95%CI: 55.4%-59.4%), parks (67.3%; 95%CI: 66.0%-68.5%), hospitals (67.3%; 95%CI: 65.8%-68.7%), public transport stops (69.9%; 95%CI: 68.6%-71.2%), bar/restaurant terraces (71.4%; 95%CI: 70.2%-72.6%), and beaches (72.8%; 95%CI: 71.4%-74.1%). Residents in Latvia showed the highest overall outdoor SHS presence rank, followed by Greece, and Portugal. Outdoor SHS presence was directly correlated to the country's smoking prevalence (r = 0.64), and inversely correlated to the Tobacco Control Scale 2016 overall score (r = −0.62), the socio-demographic index 2017 (r = −0.56), and Gross Domestic Product per capita 2018 (r = −0.47) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: SHS presence is high in most outdoor areas in Europe, especially in countries with higher smoking prevalence and lower tobacco control performance. To address outdoor SHS exposure, our findings require considering smoking bans along with other strategies to reduce smoking prevalence

Secondhand smoke presence in outdoor areas in 12 European countries

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) causes morbidity and mortality among non-smokers. Objectives: To investigate SHS presence in outdoor areas from 12 European countries and its association with country-level characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed in 2017-2018 within the TackSHS project. We conducted a face-to-face survey on a representative sample of the population aged 15 years and older from 12 European countries: Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Spain. Out of 11,902 participants, 8,562 were non-smokers. SHS presence was assessed in selected outdoor areas and defined as respondents viewing someone smoking the last time they visited each setting within the last 6 months. A ranking score for outdoor SHS presence was assigned to each country based on the SHS presence in each setting. We used Spearman's correlation (r) and the Chi-squared tests to assess the relationship between SHS presence and country-level characteristics. Results: Except for children's playgrounds (39.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 37.6%-41.3%), more than half of non-smokers reported SHS presence in outdoor areas: schools (52.0%; 95%CI: 50.2%-53.7%), stadia (57.4%; 95%CI: 55.4%-59.4%), parks (67.3%; 95%CI: 66.0%-68.5%), hospitals (67.3%; 95%CI: 65.8%-68.7%), public transport stops (69.9%; 95%CI: 68.6%-71.2%), bar/restaurant terraces (71.4%; 95%CI: 70.2%-72.6%), and beaches (72.8%; 95%CI: 71.4%-74.1%). Residents in Latvia showed the highest overall outdoor SHS presence rank, followed by Greece, and Portugal. Outdoor SHS presence was directly correlated to the country's smoking prevalence (r = 0.64), and inversely correlated to the Tobacco Control Scale 2016 overall score (r = -0.62), the socio-demographic index 2017 (r = -0.56), and Gross Domestic Product per capita 2018 (r = -0.47) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: SHS presence is high in most outdoor areas in Europe, especially in countries with higher smoking prevalence and lower tobacco control performance. To address outdoor SHS exposure, our findings require considering smoking bans along with other strategies to reduce smoking prevalence

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Announcements on Mental Health: Quasi-Natural Experiment in Lombardy, Italy

Background: Evidence showed that mental health problems have risen markedly during COVID-19. It is unclear if part of the mental sufferings relates to the climate of uncertainty and confusion originated by rough communication by health officials and politicians. Here we test the impact of unanticipated policy announcements of lockdown policies on mental health of the older population. Methods: We used a representative telephone-based survey of 4,400 people aged 65\u2009years or older in Italy's Lombardy region to compare information on self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and poor-quality sleep of subjects interviewed on the days of policy announcement with that of subjects interviewed on other days. We used regression models adjusting for potential socio-demographic confounders as well study design with inverse probability weighting. Results: On days when policy makers announced to extend the lockdown, mental health deteriorated on average by 5.5 percentage points [95% CI: 1.1 to 9.8] for self-reported anxiety symptoms and 5.1 percentage points [95% CI: 2.7 to 7.4] for self-reported depressive symptoms. The effect of announcement to shorten the lockdown is more moderate but statistically significant. These associations were short term in duration; after just one day, self-reported mental health and sleep quality return to levels better than pre-announcement until a new policy change. Conclusions: Our research shows that lockdown policy announcements are associated with short term worsening in mental distress, highlighting the importance of appropriate communication strategies and political determinations in crisis times