a multicenter study

(1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.publishersversionpublishe

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

EXTRUDED SOYBEAN IN PIG FEEDING IN THE NURSERY PHASE: PERFORMANCE

Currently, in the current production systems of pig farming, the objective is to decrease the weaning age in order to increase the productivity of the matrix, that is, increase the number of piglets produced. Weaning causes several problems due to the stress of separation, affecting weight gain and causing gastroenteric disorders in addition to behavioral problems in the daycare center. Thus, one should seek a diet based on palatable ingredients with high digestibility with good availability of nutrients, not after weaning pigs. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the substitution of soybean meal by extruded whole soybean in the feeding of pigs in the nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (Landrace x Large White) with 45 days, weighing an average of 11.36 ±0,42 kg, distributed in a randomized block design, with three treatments and six replicates with three animals in each bay. In the control treatment (T1) basal feed was provided to the animals with 0% extruded soybean replacement (ES), treatment two (T2) obtained the substitution level of 10% of ES inclusion and treatment three (T3) 20% of ES substitution. The feed and water were provided at will to the piglets during the 21 days of the experiment. The variables analyzed were: average weight, feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion. The levels of ureatic activity, ether extract, crude protein, protein solubility, and volatile moisture of extruded soybean were verified. A mean test was performed using the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. No significant difference was found (P>0.05) between the inclusion levels of extruded soybean in piglet diets in the nursery phase, according to the variables studied. The processing of extruded whole soybean did not affect its digestibility. Extruded soybean can be a possible substitute for the soybean meals used in piglet feeding during the nursery phase, without affecting the performance of the animals.Atualmente nos atuais sistemas de produção da suinocultura, há o objetivo diminuir a idade de desmame com intuito de aumentar a produtividade da matriz, ou seja, aumentar o número de leitões produzidos. O desmame origina diversos problemas devido ao estresse da separação, afetando no ganho de peso e originando distúrbios gastroentéricos além de problemas comportamentais na creche. Desta forma, deve-se buscar uma ração à base de ingredientes palatáveis e de alta digestibilidade  com boa disponibilidade de nutrientes,  não pós desmame dos suínos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a substituição do farelo de soja pela soja integral extrusada na alimentação de suínos na fase de creche. Foram utilizados 36 leitões (Landrace x Large White), com 45 dias pesando em média 11,36 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três tratamentos e seis repetições com dois animais em cada baia. No tratamento controle (T1) foi fornecido aos animais ração basal com 0% de substituição de soja extrusada (SE), o tratamento dois (T2) obteve o nível de substituição de 10% de inclusão de SE e o tratamento três (T3) 20% de substituição de SE. A ração e água foram fornecidas à vontade para os leitões durante os 21 dias de experimento. As variáveis analisadas foram: peso médio, consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Foram verificados os níveis de atividade ureática, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta, solubilidade protéica e umidade volátil da soja extrusada. Foi realizado teste de médias utilizando o teste de Tukey a nível de 5% de significância. Não foi encontrada diferença (P>0,05) entre os níveis de inclusão de soja extrusada nas dietas de leitões na fase de creche, para as variáveis estudadas. O processamento da soja integral extrusada não afetou sua digestibilidade. A soja extrusada, incluída na alimentação de leitões durante a fase de creche pode ser uma eventual substituta ao farelo de soja, sem comprometer o desempenho dos animais. &nbsp

Detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains using kit SIRE Nitratase®: a multicenter study

This research was funded by MINAS GERAIS STATE RESEARCH SUPPORT FOUNDATION (FAPEMIG), grants numbers 65/10 and CDS-APQ-03266-13, and by NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT (CNPQ) grants numbers 310174/2014-7 and 446796/2014-0.Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Medicine. Mycobacteria Research Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Medicine. Mycobacteria Research Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Medicine. Mycobacteria Research Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Medicine. Mycobacteria Research Laboratory. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Social Pharmacy. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Federal University of Minas Gerais. Veterinary School. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.Federal University of Rio Grande. Faculty of Medicine. Laboratory of Mycobacteria. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.Federal University of Rio Grande. Faculty of Medicine. Laboratory of Mycobacteria. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.Federal University of Rio Grande. Faculty of Medicine. Laboratory of Mycobacteria. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Institute of Chest Diseases. Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Institute of Chest Diseases. Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Federal University of Grande Dourados. Faculty of Health Sciences. Dourados, MS, Brazil / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil.Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Center. Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriosis Center. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Center. Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriosis Center. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Adolfo Lutz Institute. Bacteriology Center. Tuberculosis and Mycobacteriosis Center. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.State Secretariat of Health of Rio Grande do Sul. State Center for Health Surveillance. Center for Scientific and Technological Development. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.State Secretariat of Health of Rio Grande do Sul. State Center for Health Surveillance. Center for Scientific and Technological Development. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas. Laboratory of Bacteriology and Bioassays of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Sergio Arouca National Public Health School. Professor Hélio Fraga Reference Center. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Sergio Arouca National Public Health School. Professor Hélio Fraga Reference Center. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Nova University of Lisbon. Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Medical Microbiology Unit, Global Health and Tropical Medicine. Lisboa, Portugal.Nova University of Lisbon. Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Medical Microbiology Unit, Global Health and Tropical Medicine. Lisboa, Portugal.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Faculty of Medicine. Tuberculosis Research Center. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries

Resumos concluídos - Educação

Resumos concluídos - Educaçã

Resumos concluídos - Educação

Resumos concluídos - Educaçã

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author