High prevalence of rotavirus a in raw sewage samples from Northeast Spain

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the most common virus associated with infantile gastroenteritis worldwide, being a public health threat, as it is excreted in large amounts in stool and can persist in the environment for extended periods. In this study, we performed the detection of RVA and human adenovirus (HAdV) by TaqMan qPCR and assessed the circulation of RVA genotypes in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between 2015 and 2016 in Catalonia, Spain. RVA was detected in 90% and HAdV in 100% of the WWTP samples, with viral loads ranging between 3.96 104 and 3.30 108 RT-PCR Units/L and 9.51 104 and 1.16 106 genomic copies/L, respectively. RVA VP7 and VP4 gene analysis revealed the circulation of G2, G3, G9, G12, P[4], P[8], P[9] and P[10]. Nucleotide sequencing (VP6 fragment) showed the circulation of I1 and I2 genotypes, commonly associated with human, bovine and porcine strains. It is important to mention that the RVA strains isolated from the WWTPs were different from those recovered from piglets and calves living in the same area of single sampling in 2016. These data highlight the importance of monitoring water matrices for RVA epidemiology and may be a useful tool to evaluate and predict possible emergence/reemergence of uncommon strains in a region

OLHARES ADOLESCENTES E SUAS REFLEXÕES/PROVOCAÇÕES ACERCA DA LEGALIZAÇÃO DO ABORTO NO BRASIL

Em muitos países do ocidente o aborto já é legalizado em diversos casos e possibilidades, inovações que são acolhidas em algumas legislações democráticas. Por esse motivo há uma grande discussão mundial acerca do tema e da sua liberalização, são clamores dos movimentos feministas e outros seguimentos sociais de defesa do direito da mulher. No Brasil, o aborto é considerado um crime; porém a legislação permite que seja realizado apenas em casos de estupro, risco à vida da mãe ou, anencefalia. A maioria da população brasileira se posiciona contra o aborto, por considerar assim como previsto na lei, que é um crime contra a vida. Aqueles que são a favor defendem os direitos individuais da mulher de decidir sobre o próprio corpo. Há também quem defenda a legalização do aborto como tema de saúde pública. Contudo, apesar de serem considerados como jovens imaturos e que ainda não viveram o suficiente para argumentar sobre assuntos relevantes a vida cotidiana, a opinião dos adolescentes tem sido cada vez mais levada em consideração quando o assunto é legalização do aborto, haja vista que , o Brasil tem 68,4 bebês nascidos de mães adolescentes a cada mil meninas de 15 a 19 anos, diz relatório da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). O índice brasileiro está acima da média latino-americana, estimada em 65,5. No mundo, a média é de 46 nascimentos a cada mil. Muitas gravidezes de adolescentes e jovens não foram planejadas e são indesejadas; inúmeros casos decorrem de abusos e violência sexual ou resultam de uniões conjugais precoces, geralmente com homens mais velhos. Ao engravidar, voluntaria ou involuntariamente, essas adolescentes têm seus projetos de vida alterados, o que pode contribuir para o abandono escolar e a perpetuação dos ciclos de pobreza, desigualdade e exclusão. Existe grande esforço por parte da população considerada pró escolha de tornar legal o aborto no Brasil como escolha da gestante, sendo um dos argumentos utilizados o de que manter a prática ilegal não evita que o aborto seja realizado, mas faz com que as mulheres recorram a meios alternativos e inseguros de fazê-lo. A legalização do aborto seria uma forma de evitar o alto índice de mortes maternas decorrentes de abortos inseguros principalmente em populações mais pobres, defende os que empunham a bandeira da legalização. Ainda há uma discussão religiosa, pois nossa tradição judaico-cristã condena veementemente o aborto e toda prática de pôr fim a uma vida que não seja pelas mãos divinas, polêmicas à parte, almejamos compreender a legislação atual sobre a proibição do aborto no Brasil bem como o que pensam/dizem as adolescentes sobre esta problemática. Para tal nos debruçamos na leitura de referenciais teóricos que discutem o tema, realizaremos entrevistas com adolescentes buscando suas narrativas acerca desta questão social que as afetam, como já descrito neste texto, entrevistas com profissionais da área do Direito, buscando compreender como está sendo interpretada esta Lei e sua possível alteração, assim como educadores e psicólogos. Diante de tais argumentos visamos construir um importante trabalho de pesquisa, pois este trabalho tem como pesquisadoras alunas/adolescentes do projeto de Iniciação cientifica Júnior do Colégio da Polícia Militar da Bahia (CPM), em parceria com o Grupo de Pesquisa Geotecnologia, Educação e Contemporaneidade (GEOTEC) do departamento de Educação da Universidade do Estado da Bahia

Unveiling Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis Using a Metagenomics Approach

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important illness worldwide, especially on children, with viruses accounting for approximately 70% of the acute cases. A high number of these cases have an unknown etiological agent and the rise of next generation sequencing technologies has opened new opportunities for viral pathogen detection and discovery. Viral metagenomics in routine clinical settings has the potential to identify unexpected or novel variants of viral pathogens that cause gastroenteritis. In this study, 124 samples from acute gastroenteritis patients from 2012-2014 previously tested negative for common gastroenteritis pathogens were pooled by age and analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) to elucidate unidentified viral infections. The most abundant sequences detected potentially associated to acute gastroenteritis were from Astroviridae and Caliciviridae families, with the detection of norovirus GIV and sapoviruses. Lower number of contigs associated to rotaviruses were detected. As expected, other viruses that may be associated to gastroenteritis but also produce persistent infections in the gut were identified including several Picornaviridae members (EV, parechoviruses, cardioviruses) and adenoviruses. According to the sequencing data, astroviruses, sapoviruses and NoV GIV should be added to the list of viral pathogens screened in routine clinical analysis

Trophic relationships among fish assemblages in a mudflat within Brazilian marine protected area

Resumo O presente estudo visa verificar as variações temporais na dieta e das guildas tróficas das espécies de peixes dominantes em uma planície de maré, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. A composição da dieta e a organização trófica de 17 espécies foram estudadas no estuário do rio Mamanguape, Nordeste do Brasil, identificando os itens dominantes e verificando os efeitos da sazonalidade sobre a organização das guildas. A dieta variou pouco entre as espécies e as estações durante a estação chuvosa a dieta das espécies apresentou-se mais heterogênea. De acordo com a importância de presas nas dietas foram identificados cinco guildas alimentares principais: (1) Detritívora, (2) Zooplanctívora, (3) Zoobentívora-epifauna, (4) Zoobentívora-infauna, e (5) Piscivora. A maioria dos peixes predou uma variada gama de itens alimentares, que se baseou fortemente em presas do zooplâncton. Alguns peixes apresentaram tendência para uma dieta especializada, mas quase todas as espécies mostraram algum grau de alimentação oportunista. Um alto grau de sobreposição de dieta foi encontrado entre as espécies; no entanto, a ocorrência de competição na exploração não foi observada.Abstract The present study on the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species in a tidal mudflat, during the dry and rainy seasons. We aimed at classifying the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diet varied little between species and seasons; during the rainy season, the diets seemed to be more heterogeneous. According to the importance of prey in the diets, 5 primary feeding guilds were identified: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on the zooplankton preys. Several fish species showed a tendency for a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined

Trophic relationships among fish assemblages on a mudflat within a Brazilian Marine protected area

The present study deals with the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species on a tidal mudflat during the dry and rainy seasons. We sought to classify the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diets varied little between species and seasons, though they seemed to be more heterogeneous during the rainy season. Five primary feeding guilds were identified, in accordance with the importance of prey in the diets: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on zooplankton prey. Several fish species showed a tendency to a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined.O presente estudo visa verificar as variações temporais na dieta e nas guildas tróficas nas espécies de peixes dominantes em uma planície de maré, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. A composição da dieta e a organização trófica de 17 espécies foi estudada no estuário do rio Mamanguape, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram identificados os itens dominantes e verificado os efeitos da sazonalidade sobre a organização das guildas. A dieta variou pouco entre as espécies e as estações; durante a estação chuvosa, a dieta das espécies apresentou-se mais heterogênea. De acordo com a importância de presas nas dietas, foram identificadas cinco guildas alimentares principais: (1) Detritívora, (2) Zooplanctívora, (3) Zoobentívora-epifauna, (4) Zoobentívora-infauna, e (5) Piscivora. A maioria dos peixes predou uma variada gama de itens alimentares, mas fortemente baseados em presas do zooplâncton. Alguns peixes apresentaram tendência para uma dieta especializada, com quase todas as espécies mostrando algum grau de alimentação oportunista. Um alto grau de sobreposição de dieta foi encontrado entre as espécies; no entanto, a ocorrência de competição por exploração não foi observada

Trophic relationships among fish assemblages on a mudflat within a Brazilian Marine protected area

Abstract The present study deals with the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species on a tidal mudflat during the dry and rainy seasons. We sought to classify the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diets varied little between species and seasons, though they seemed to be more heterogeneous during the rainy season. Five primary feeding guilds were identified, in accordance with the importance of prey in the diets: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on zooplankton prey. Several fish species showed a tendency to a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined

Trophic relationships among fish assemblages in a mudflat within Brazilian marine protected area

Abstract The present study on the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species in a tidal mudflat, during the dry and rainy seasons. We aimed at classifying the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diet varied little between species and seasons; during the rainy season, the diets seemed to be more heterogeneous. According to the importance of prey in the diets, 5 primary feeding guilds were identified: (1) Detritivore, (2) Zooplanktivore, (3) Zoobenthivore-epifaune, (4) Zoobenthivore-infaune, and (5) Piscivore. Most fishes fed on a diverse range of food items but relied heavily on the zooplankton preys. Several fish species showed a tendency for a specialised diet, with almost all species showing some degree of opportunistic feeding. A high degree of diet overlap was found among some species; however, the presence of exploitative competition could not be determined

High Prevalence of Rotavirus A in Raw Sewage Samples from Northeast Spain

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the most common virus associated with infantile gastroenteritis worldwide, being a public health threat, as it is excreted in large amounts in stool and can persist in the environment for extended periods. In this study, we performed the detection of RVA and human adenovirus (HAdV) by TaqMan qPCR and assessed the circulation of RVA genotypes in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between 2015 and 2016 in Catalonia, Spain. RVA was detected in 90% and HAdV in 100% of the WWTP samples, with viral loads ranging between 3.96 × 104 and 3.30 × 108 RT-PCR Units/L and 9.51 × 104 and 1.16 × 106 genomic copies/L, respectively. RVA VP7 and VP4 gene analysis revealed the circulation of G2, G3, G9, G12, P[4], P[8], P[9] and P[10]. Nucleotide sequencing (VP6 fragment) showed the circulation of I1 and I2 genotypes, commonly associated with human, bovine and porcine strains. It is important to mention that the RVA strains isolated from the WWTPs were different from those recovered from piglets and calves living in the same area of single sampling in 2016. These data highlight the importance of monitoring water matrices for RVA epidemiology and may be a useful tool to evaluate and predict possible emergence/reemergence of uncommon strains in a region

<b>Feelings and codependent behavior in the family of illicit drugs users

  Current descriptive and qualitative study described feelings and codependent behavior in relatives of illicit drug users. Data were collected between March and April 2012 by an open interview with eight family members of illicit drugs-dependent individuals and subjected to theme-mode content analysis. Results were classified into two categories which showed intense suffering coupled to feelings of guilt, fear, shame, sadness, shame and manifestation of codependent behaviors such as denial and control of the one´s situation and that of others. Professionals should know the situation in which the families of drug addicts live to assist them in a different way. They should also identify codependent relatives, since they also need care so that their behavior does not worsen the symptoms and behavior of the drug user and prevents a possible medical or psychiatric diagnosis.

The CDR3 region as the major driver of TREM-1 interaction with its ligands, an in silico characterization

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a pattern recognition receptor heavily investigated in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Because of its role in amplifying inflammation, TREM-1 has been explored as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker. Further, as the receptor has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases, therapies aiming at modulating its activity represent a promising strategy to constrain uncontrolled inflammatory or infectious diseases. Despite this, several aspects concerning its interaction with ligands and activation process, remain unclear. Although many molecules have been suggested as TREM-1 ligands, only five have been confirmed to interact with the receptor: actin, eCIRP, HMGB1, Hsp70 and PGLYRP1. However, the domains involved in the interaction between the receptor and these proteins are not clarified yet. Therefore, here we used in silico approaches to investigate the putative binding domains in the receptor, using hot spots analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations between TREM-1 and its five known ligands. Our results indicated the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the receptor as the main mediators of antigen recognition, especially the CDR3 loop. We believe that our study could be used as structural basis for the elucidation of TREM-1′s recognition process, and may be useful for prospective in silico and biological investigations exploring the receptor in different contexts