El manejo de pastos y forrajes.

Recomendaciones técnicas para el manejo de los pastos, los cuales deben considerarse como otro cultivo y por lo tanto recibir prácticas como: preparación adecuada de la tierra (arar, rastrillar, nivelar, drenaje), fertilización inicial y de mantenimiento (en terrenos nuevos), control de malezas (a mano, por medios mecánicos, fertilización, métodos químicos), control de plagas y enfermedades, riego suplementario y cosecha (corte, ensilaje, pastoreo (continuo, alterno en fajas, rotativo), número de potreros, período de ocupación y descanso. Las gramíneas forrajeras (Lolium multiflorum, hybridum, perenne, festuca, elatior y anundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Bromus catharticus, Pennisetum clandestinum y Avena sativa) y leguminosas forrajeras (Medicago sativa e hispida, Trifolium, nepens y pratense, Vicia spp.) son las más indicadas para clima fríoPastos y forraje

Evaluación de los pastos manawa, ariki, raigrás anual e inglés (Lolium sp) en pastoreo con vacunos.

Ensayo con el objeto de evaluar los raigrases mejorados manawa y ariki, bajo aspectos de adaptación, comportamiento al pastoreo, producción de forraje, capacidad de carga, persistencia y resistencia a enfermedades. Resultados: orden de acuerdo al rendimiento promedio manawa, raigrás anual, ariki y raigrás inglés. Las cuatro variedades de raigrás demostraron no sólo un buen comportamiento sino además una excelente capacidad de recuperación después del pastoreo. El forraje consumido estuvo por encima del 55 por ciento, lo que trae una pérdida por pastoreo de más del 40 por ciento. El pisoteo afectó más al manawa y al raigrás inglés. La capacidad de carga se estimó teóricamente en 3.3 animales/ha asumiendo un período de descanso de dos meses. Los pastos manawa y ariki demostraron una alta resistencia al ataque de roya, aunque susceptibles al ataque de peca (Ovularia lolii). El raigrás anual e inglés son muy susceptibles a la roya. Se obtuvo una gran facilidad de asociación del trébol blanco con los pastos ariki y raigrás inglés. Los resultados de este estudio, complementado con los de pruebas regionales, indican que en la formación de praderas, se pueden usar ventajosamente las nuevas variedades mejoradas manawa y arikiPastos y forraje

Field-level model approach to assess water and nutrient use efficiencies : WaterFARMING project. Report for deliverable 2.1

- Two models have been chosen for field-level assessment of crop yields and water- and nutrient use efficiencies: WOFOST and DAISY.- For WOFOST a post-doc (João Vasco Silva), who is an expert in this modelling approach has been added to the team. He is also the lead author of this report.- For DAISY, a brief description of the model and data requirements are provided as a guide for the consortium on data needs.- For WOFOST calibration and evaluation protocols and associated data needs have been worked out. Detailed templates have been developed and distributed in the team.- For sites in Germany and the Netherlands detailed experiments have been chosen that are ideally suited for model calibration and evaluation. The quality and detail of the data available is very high. In Denmark, data are available from a combined food and energy system for the modelling task.- Finding suitable experimental data for the other countries is ongoing, there being some challenges in this regard. In view of this we aim to find experimental data for at least one site in South Europe and one in North Africa

Anadenanthera colubrina vell brenan : anti-candida and antibiofilm activities, toxicity and therapeutical action

We evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of bark from Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan, known as Angico, against Candida spp. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique through the Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicide Concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was tested in mature biofilms formed by Candida species and analyzed through the counting of CFU/mL and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). In vivo toxicity and therapeutic action was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model. The treatment with the extract, in low doses, was able to reduce the growth of planktonic cells of Candida species. MIC values range between 19.5 and 39 µg/mL and MFC values range between 79 and 625 µg/mL. In addition was able to reduce the number of CFU/mL in biofilms and to cause structural alteration and cellular destruction, observed via SEM. A. colubrina showed low toxicity in the in vivo assay, having not affected the viability of the larvae at doses below 100mg/kg and high potential in the treatment of C. albicans infection. Considering its high antifungal potential, its low toxicity and potential to treatment of infections in in vivo model, A. colubrina extract is a strong candidate for development of a new agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis33CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ552562/2011-

Risk related to pre–diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to determine impact on global mortality and morbidity in heart failure trial

Background—The prevalence of pre–diabetes mellitus and its consequences in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction are not known. We investigated these in the Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM-HF) trial. Methods and Results—We examined clinical outcomes in 8399 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction according to history of diabetes mellitus and glycemic status (baseline hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: <6.0% [<42 mmol/mol], 6.0%–6.4% [42–47 mmol/mol; pre–diabetes mellitus], and ≥6.5% [≥48 mmol/mol; diabetes mellitus]), in Cox regression models adjusted for known predictors of poor outcome. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (n=2907 [35%]) had a higher risk of the primary composite outcome of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular mortality compared with those without a history of diabetes mellitus: adjusted hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.52;P<0.001. HbA1c measurement showed that an additional 1106 (13% of total) patients had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and 2103 (25%) had pre–diabetes mellitus. The hazard ratio for patients with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (HbA1c, >6.5%) and known diabetes mellitus compared with those with HbA1c<6.0% was 1.39 (1.17–1.64); P<0.001 and 1.64 (1.43–1.87); P<0.001, respectively. Patients with pre–diabetes mellitus were also at higher risk (hazard ratio, 1.27 [1.10–1.47];P<0.001) compared with those with HbA1c<6.0%. The benefit of LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) compared with enalapril was consistent across the range of HbA1c in the trial. Conclusions—In patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, dysglycemia is common and pre–diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes (compared with patients with no diabetes mellitus and HbA1c <6.0%). LCZ696 was beneficial compared with enalapril, irrespective of glycemic status

No-till and basin tillage for reducing runoff and sediment yield on centre-pivot irrigated maize in a Mediterranean soil

Centre-pivot irrigation systems frequently cause surface runoff and erosion problems. This is more evident in complex topographies and low infiltrability soils. To overcome these problems farmers have tried different tillage systems, attaining different results, depending on soil type and irrigation management. Field tests, using small plots, were carried out in a Mediterranean soil with three different tillage systems: no-till, basin tillage and conventional tillage, as a control practice. Conventional tillage showed the highest runoff values (30 % of collected water depth) with significant differences to no-till (15 %) and basin tillage (2 %). Maximum average values of sediment yields per irrigation event were lower for basin tillage (4.46 kg/ha) and no-till (9.59 kg/ha) compared to conventional tillage (23.45 kg/ha). The no-till system showed higher soil water content along all the irrigation season compared to the other two tillage systems. From a soil and water conservation point of view the basin tillage practice is the best option. But, from an economic point of view the no-till practice can be also a good option in these conditions

Biomass and essential oil yields of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Río Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

The aim of this study is to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Field tests were carried out under irrigation conditions, harvesting when 70% flowering was reached (in the summer and at the end of the winter seasons). Essential oil yields were 2% in the first cut and 1.6% in the second cut, respectively, the major constituents of the essential oil being menthol, menthone, isomenthone and menthofuran. In both cases, a high concentration of menthol was obtained, although during the winter the content decreased, increasing the concentration of menthofuran. It is concluded that during the summer a higher yield and better quality of essential oil are produced

Measurement of butterfly average resultant impulse per phase

The aim of this study was to measure the average resultant impulse (ARI) per phase of the stroke cycle in butterfly and to analyse the variability of ARI according to the adopted breathing technique. The sample was composed of 6 male Portuguese swimmers at national and international level. 6 cameras were set, obtaining non coplanar images (2 "dual media" images included). The study comprised the kinematical analysis of stroke cycles of the butterfly stroke using the "Ariel Performance Analysis System" from Ariel Dynamics Inc. and a VCR at a frequency of 50 Hz. The ARI was calculated using the mean horizontal acceleration of the cenler of mass in each phase, the absolute duration of each phase and the body mass of the swimmer. Comparing the ARI according to the breathing technique adopted in each phase of the stroke cycle, we only observed significant differences in the outsweep. Comparing the intra-cyclic variations of the ARI in the different breathing techniques adopted, the arm's recovery when compared with the remained phases presented a significantly lower ARI.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio