30,692 research outputs found
Transport Processes in Metal-Insulator Granular Layers
Tunnel transport processes are considered in a square lattice of metallic
nanogranules embedded into insulating host to model tunnel conduction in real
metal/insulator granular layers. Based on a simple model with three possible
charging states (, or 0) of a granule and three kinetic processes
(creation or recombination of a pair, and charge transfer) between
neighbor granules, the mean-field kinetic theory is developed. It describes the
interplay between charging energy and temperature and between the applied
electric field and the Coulomb fields by the non-compensated charge density.
The resulting charge and current distributions are found to be essentially
different in the free area (FA), between the metallic contacts, or in the
contact areas (CA), beneath those contacts. Thus, the steady state dc transport
is only compatible with zero charge density and ohmic resistivity in FA, but
charge accumulation and non-ohmic behavior are \emph{necessary} for conduction
over CA. The approximate analytic solutions are obtained for characteristic
regimes (low or high charge density) of such conduction. The comparison is done
with the measurement data on tunnel transport in related experimental systems.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 1 reference corrected, acknowlegments adde
The Noncommutative Supersymmetric Nonlinear Sigma Model
We show that the noncommutativity of space-time destroys the
renormalizability of the 1/N expansion of the O(N) Gross-Neveu model. A similar
statement holds for the noncommutative nonlinear sigma model. However, we show
that, up to the subleading order in 1/N expansion, the noncommutative
supersymmetric O(N) nonlinear sigma model becomes renormalizable in D=3. We
also show that dynamical mass generation is restored and there is no
catastrophic UV/IR mixing. Unlike the commutative case, we find that the
Lagrange multiplier fields, which enforce the supersymmetric constraints, are
also renormalized. For D=2 the divergence of the four point function of the
basic scalar field, which in D=3 is absent, cannot be eliminated by means of a
counterterm having the structure of a Moyal product.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, revtex, minor modifications in the text,
references adde
The ion motion in self-modulated plasma wakefield accelerators
The effects of plasma ion motion in self-modulated plasma based accelerators
is examined. An analytical model describing ion motion in the narrow beam limit
is developed, and confirmed through multi-dimensional particle-in-cell
simulations. It is shown that the ion motion can lead to the early saturation
of the self-modulation instability, and to the suppression of the accelerating
gradients. This can reduce the total energy that can be transformed into
kinetic energy of accelerated particles. For the parameters of future
proton-driven plasma accelerator experiments, the ion dynamics can have a
strong impact. Possible methods to mitigate the effects of the ion motion in
future experiments are demonstrated.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
The class of n-entire operators
We introduce a classification of simple, regular, closed symmetric operators
with deficiency indices (1,1) according to a geometric criterion that extends
the classical notions of entire operators and entire operators in the
generalized sense due to M. G. Krein. We show that these classes of operators
have several distinctive properties, some of them related to the spectra of
their canonical selfadjoint extensions. In particular, we provide necessary and
sufficient conditions on the spectra of two canonical selfadjoint extensions of
an operator for it to belong to one of our classes. Our discussion is based on
some recent results in the theory of de Branges spaces.Comment: 33 pages. Typos corrected. Changes in the wording of Section 2.
References added. Examples added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1104.476
Perdas de mamão (Carica papaya L.) comercializado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
bitstream/item/75828/1/ct40-2000.pd
Duality Symmetry in the Schwarz-Sen Model
The continuous extension of the discrete duality symmetry of the Schwarz-Sen
model is studied. The corresponding infinitesimal generator turns out to be
local, gauge invariant and metric independent. Furthermore, commutes with
all the conformal group generators. We also show that is equivalent to the
non---local duality transformation generator found in the Hamiltonian
formulation of Maxwell theory. We next consider the Batalin--Fradkin-Vilkovisky
formalism for the Maxwell theory and demonstrate that requiring a local duality
transformation lead us to the Schwarz--Sen formulation. The partition functions
are shown to be the same which implies the quantum equivalence of the two
approaches.Comment: 10 pages, latex, small changes, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
All-optical trapping and acceleration of heavy particles
A scheme for fast, compact, and controllable acceleration of heavy particles
in vacuum is proposed, in which two counterpropagating lasers with variable
frequencies drive a beat-wave structure with variable phase velocity, thus
allowing for trapping and acceleration of heavy particles, such as ions or
muons. Fine control over the energy distribution and the total charge of the
beam is obtained via tuning of the frequency variation. The acceleration scheme
is described with a one-dimensional theory, providing the general conditions
for trapping and scaling laws for the relevant features of the particle beam.
Two-dimensional, electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations confirm the
validity and the robustness of the physical mechanism.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in New Journal of Physic
Attractive Forces Between Electrons in QED
Vacuum polarization effects are non-perturbatively incorporated into the
photon propagator to eliminate the severe infrared problems characteristic of
QED. The theory is thus rephrased in terms of a massive vector boson whose
mass is . Subsequently, it is shown that electron-electron bound
states are possible in QED.Comment: revtex, 10 pages and four figures, IFUSP/P-98
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