60 research outputs found
Dual crop coefficient approach in vitis vinifera L. cv. Loureiro
Vineyard irrigation management in temperate zones requires knowledge of the crop water
requirements, especially in the context of climate change. The main objective of this work was to
estimate the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of Vitis vinifera cv. Loureiro for local conditions, applying
the dual crop coefficient approach. The study was carried out in a vineyard during two growing
seasons (2019?2020). Three irrigation treatments, full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI), and
rainfed (R), were considered. The ETc was estimated using the SIMDualKc model, which performs
the soil water balance with the dual Kc approach. This balance was performed by calculating the
basal coefficients for the grapevine (Kcb crop) and the active soil ground cover (Kcb gcover), which
represent the transpiration component of ETc and the soil evaporation coefficient (Ke). The model
was calibrated and validated by comparing the simulated soil water content (SWC) with the soil
water content data measured with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR). A suitable adjustment
between the simulated and observed SWC was obtained for the 2019 R strategy when the model
was calibrated. As for the vine crop, the best fit was obtained for Kcb full ini = 0.33, Kcb full mid = 0.684,
and Kcb full end = 0.54. In this sense, the irrigation schedule must adjust these coefficients to local
conditions to achieve economically and environmentally sustainable production.E518-D54F-9490 | Susana Miguel Afonso Mendes MouraN/
EFFICIENCY OF A TAPER MODEL ADJUSTED WITH AND WITHOUT TRATIFICATION BY CLASS OF FORM QUOTIENT FOR THE ASSORTMENT OF Pinus taeda L.
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram modelar a forma de tronco de Pinus
taeda L., comparar a efici\ueancia na estimativa do volume total do
polin\uf4mio do quinto grau ajustado com dados n\ue3o
estratificados e estratificados segundo quocientes de forma e
apresentar os resultados em forma de tabela de sortimentos. As
\ue1rvores amostradas foram medidas em povoamentos manejados para
serraria, com dois desbastes, sendo o plantio inicial de 1.600
\ue1rvores/ha, em espa\ue7amento de 2,50 x 2,50 m, localizados na
Klabin S.A., em Tel\ueamaco Borba-PR. Para fins de modelagem os dados
foram estratificados em classes de quociente de forma calculado a 70%
da altura. A classifica\ue7\ue3o das partes do tronco em
sortimentos foi acurada sendo que o volume estimado a partir das
integrais das equa\ue7\uf5es de afilamento apresentou valores
residuais pequenos e sem tend\ueancias, comprovando a viabilidade da
estratifica\ue7\ue3o dos dados em classes de quociente de forma
quando do ajuste de equa\ue7\uf5es para a obten\ue7\ue3o dos
sortimentos.The objective of this paper was model the shape, compare the efficiency
of the total volume estimated with the 5th grade polynomial, with and
without data stratification by an artificial form quotient and build
the assortment table. The data came from Pinus taeda L. stands,
managed by a sawmill company, with two thinning and coppicing,
plantation of 1.600 trees/ha and spacing of 2,50 x 2,50 m, from Klabin
S.A., in Tel\ueamaco Borba, Paran\ue1 state. The field data was
stratified in three form quotient classes defined by the diameter of
70% total height and breast height diameter. The trunk classification
in assortments was accurate and the volume obtained with the integrated
equations presented small residues, without tendency. The results
proved the viability of the data stratification by form quotients to
obtain better estimative of tree assortments
Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries
Background Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia.
Methods Cancer registries participating in CONCORD were asked to submit tumour registrations for all children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with leukaemia between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2009, and followed up until Dec 31, 2009. Haematological malignancies were defined by morphology codes in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third revision. We excluded data from registries from which the data were judged to be less reliable, or included only lymphomas, and data from countries in which data for fewer than ten children were available for analysis. We also excluded records because of a missing date of birth, diagnosis, or last known vital status. We estimated 5-year net survival (ie, the probability of surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis, after controlling for deaths from other causes [background mortality]) for children by calendar period of diagnosis (1995-99, 2000-04, and 2005-09), sex, and age at diagnosis (< 1, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, inclusive) using appropriate life tables. We estimated age-standardised net survival for international comparison of survival trends for precursor-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Findings We analysed data from 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries. During 1995-99, 5-year agestandardised net survival for all lymphoid leukaemias combined ranged from 10.6% (95% CI 3.1-18.2) in the Chinese registries to 86.8% (81.6-92.0) in Austria. International differences in 5-year survival for childhood leukaemia were still large as recently as 2005-09, when age-standardised survival for lymphoid leukaemias ranged from 52.4% (95% CI 42.8-61.9) in Cali, Colombia, to 91.6% (89.5-93.6) in the German registries, and for AML ranged from 33.3% (18.9-47.7) in Bulgaria to 78.2% (72.0-84.3) in German registries. Survival from precursor-cell ALL was very close to that of all lymphoid leukaemias combined, with similar variation. In most countries, survival from AML improved more than survival from ALL between 2000-04 and 2005-09. Survival for each type of leukaemia varied markedly with age: survival was highest for children aged 1-4 and 5-9 years, and lowest for infants (younger than 1 year). There was no systematic difference in survival between boys and girls.
Interpretation Global inequalities in survival from childhood leukaemia have narrowed with time but remain very wide for both ALL and AML. These results provide useful information for health policy makers on the effectiveness of health-care systems and for cancer policy makers to reduce inequalities in childhood survival
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030
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