Self-Care among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes M ellitus and Nursing Care in Sri Lanka:Review of Literature

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition with long term psychological and behavioural implications. Self-care is the cornerstone to adapt into this condition. Sociocultural appropriate self-care practices are vital aspects in nursing care. The article reviews literature on self-care among adolescents with T1DM considering sociocultural context and to discuss existing nursing care and its current issues within the Sri Lankan context. A systematic literature survey was conducted to review empirical studies from 2000 to 2014. Electronic databases PubMed and CINAHL were utilized. Personal interviews and relevant websites were accessed to explore existing nursing care and its current issues in Sri Lanka. PubMed displayed 1,065 articles for the key words‘nursing’ and ‘Type 1 diabetes’while CINAHL displayed 31 articles for the same.‘Perceptions’,‘associated characteristics’, ‘school behaviour’and ‘family behaviour’were identified as main categories in the literature. The nursing oriented articles relevant to self-care’, ‘sociocultural’, ‘Sri Lanka’and ‘Type 1 diabetes’were insufficient in number. Scientific studies pertaining to the field need to optimized. The unavailability of specialized nurse educators for childhood diabetes is a noticeable issue. The implementation of effective nursing interventions considering Sri Lankan sociocultural context is recommended

Facile synthesis of oxo-/thioxopyrimidines and tetrazoles C–C linked to sugars as novel non-toxic antioxidant acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Microwave-assisted synthesis of oxo-/thioxopyrimidines and tetrazoles linked to furanoses with D-xylo and D-ribo configuration, and to a D-galacto pyranose is reported and compared to conventional methods. Reaction of dialdofuranoses and dialdopyranoses with a b-keto ester and urea or thiourea under micro wave irradiation at 300 W gave in 10 min the target molecules containing the 2-oxo- or 2-thioxo-pyrimidine ring in high yield. The tetrazole-derived compounds were obtained in two steps by reaction of the formyl group with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, copper sulfate, triethylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give an intermediate nitrile, which was then treated with sodium azide. The use of microwave irradiation in the latter step also resulted in a considerably shorter reaction time (10 min) compared to hours under conventional heating to obtain a complete starting materials conversion. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition ranged from 20% to 80% for compounds concentration of 100 lg/mL, demonstrating the potential of this family of compounds for the control of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. Most of the compounds showed antioxidant activity in the b-carotene/linoleic acid assay, some of them exhibiting IC50 values in the same order of magnitude as those of gallic acid. The bioactive compounds did not show cytotoxic effects to human lymphocytes using the MTT method adapted for non-adherent cells, nor geno toxicity determined by the short-term in vitro chromosomal aberration assay.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

2H-Pyran-2-one-3-carbothioamide derivatives: Synthesis and reaction with hydrazine hydrate

N-Aryl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one-3-carbothiamides and N-aryl-4-hydroxycoumarin-3-carbothiamides were synthesized by the reaction of arylisothiocyanates with 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyran-2-one and 4-hydroxycoumarin, respectively. Novel products 3-[bis(arylamino)methylene]-6-methyl-2H,4H-pyran-2,4-diones and N,N′-diaryl-4-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboximidamides have also been obtained in the same reactions. Novel 4-acetoacetyl-3-phenylamino-4,5-dihydro-5H-pyrazol-5-ones were synthesized from the reaction of N-aryl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one-3-carbothiamides with an excess of hydrazine. The structure of all compounds was established by NMR and mass spectra

New polyketides and new benzoic acid derivatives from the marine sponge-associated fungus Neosartorya quadricincta KUFA 0081

Two new pentaketides, including a new benzofuran-1-one derivative (1) and a new isochromen-1-one (5), and seven new benzoic acid derivatives, including two new benzopyran derivatives (2a, b), a new benzoxepine derivative (3), two new chromen-4-one derivatives (4b, 7) and two new benzofuran derivatives (6a, b), were isolated, together with the previously reported 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (4a), from the culture of the marine sponge-associated fungus Neosartorya quadricincta KUFA 0081. The structures of the new compounds were established based on 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis, and in the case of compounds 1, 2a, 4b, 5, 6a and 7, the absolute configurations of their stereogenic carbons were determined by an X-ray crystallographic analysis. None of the isolated compounds were active in the tests for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as multidrug-resistant isolates from the environment (MIC > 256 μg/mL), antifungal activity against yeast (Candida albicans ATTC 10231), filamentous fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus ATTC 46645) and dermatophyte (Trichophyton rubrum FF5) (MIC > 512 μg/mL) and in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer) and A375-C5 (melanoma) cell lines (GI50 > 150 μM) by the protein binding dye SRB method. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI.This work was developed in the Natural Products Research Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), of the University of Porto and partially supported through national funds provided by FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and COMPETE, under the projects PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2013, PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014, as well as by the project INNOVMAR (Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources) (Reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, within Research Line NOVELMAR/INSEAFOOD/ECOSERVICES), supported by the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). We thank Mrs. Júlia Bessa and Sara Cravo for technical support

Chromone derivatives and other constituents from cultures of the marine sponge-associated fungus penicillium erubescens KUFA0220 and their antibacterial activity

A previously unreported chromene derivative, 1-hydroxy-12-methoxycitromycin (1c), and four previously undescribed chromone derivatives, including pyanochromone (3b), spirofuranochromone (4), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-oxo-3-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]-4H-chromene-5-carboxylic acid (5), a pyranochromone dimer (6) were isolated, together with thirteen known compounds: β-sitostenone, ergosterol 5,8-endoperoxide, citromycin (1a), 12-methoxycitromycin (1b), myxotrichin D (1d), 12-methoxycitromycetin (1e), anhydrofulvic acid (2a), myxotrichin C (2b), penialidin D (2c), penialidin F (3a), SPF-3059-30 (7), GKK1032B (8) and secalonic acid A (9), from cultures of the marine sponge- associated fungus Penicillium erubescens KUFA0220. Compounds 1a-e, 2a, 3a, 4, 7-9, were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative reference and multidrug-resistant strains isolated from the environment. Only 8 exhibited an in vitro growth inhibition of all Gram-positive bacteria whereas 9 showed growth inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphyllococus aureus (MRSA). None of the compounds were active against Gram-negative bacteria tested. © 2018 MDPI. All Rights Reserved.Funding: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT) (grant number POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016790) and North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020)(grant number NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035). Acknowledgments: This work was partially supported through national funds provided by FCT/MCTES-Foundation for Science and Technology from the Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education (PIDDAC) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC) programme, under the project PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014 (reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016790; Project 3599-Promover a Produção Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e a Constituição de Redes Temáticas (3599-PPCDT)) in the framework of the programme PT2020 as well as by the project INNOVMAR-Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, within Research Line NOVELMAR), supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Decha Kumla thanks the Alfabet Project of the Erasmus Mundus for a PhD’s scholarship. We thank Júlia Bessa and Sara Cravo for technical support

Antitumor activity of quinazolinone alkaloids inspired by marine natural products

Many fungal quinazolinone metabolites, which contain the methyl-indole pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-dione core, have been found to possess promising antitumor activity. The purpose of this work was to synthesize the enantiomeric pairs of two members of this quinazolinone family, to explore their potential as antitumor and their ability to revert multidrug resistance. The marine natural product fiscalin B (4c), and antienantiomers (4b, 5b, and 5c) were synthesized via a one-pot approach, while the syn enantiomers (4a, 4d, 5a, and 5d) were synthetized by a multi-step procedure. These strategies used anthranilic acid (i), chiral N-protected α-amino acids (ii), and tryptophan methyl esters (iii) to form the core ring of pyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6-dione scaffold. Four enantiomeric pairs, with different enantiomeric purities, were obtained with overall yields ranging from 7 to 40%. Compounds 4a–d and 5a–d were evaluated for their growth inhibitory effect against two tumor cell lines. Differences between enantiomeric pairs were noted and 5a–d displayed GI50 values ranging from 31 to 52 µM, which are lower than those of 4a–d. Nevertheless, no effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) modulation was observed for all compounds. This study disclosed new data for fiscalin B (4c), as well as for its analogues for a future development of novel anticancer drug leads. © 2018 by the authors.Funding: This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013 through national funds provided by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the program PT2020. The authors thank to national funds provided by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and COMPETE under the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013, the projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028736, PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016790; 3599-PPCDT), and INNOVMAR—Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources, reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, Research Line NOVELMAR. The work was also funded by FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional através do COMPETE 2020—Programa Operacional para a Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese fundings through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, no âmbito do projeto “Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde “(POCI—01-0145-FEDER—007274)”

New cyclotetrapeptides and a new diketopiperzine derivative from the marine sponge-associated fungus Neosartorya glabra KUFA 0702

Two new cyclotetrapeptides, sartoryglabramides A (5) and B (6), and a new analog of fellutanine A (8) were isolated, together with six known compounds including ergosta-4, 6, 8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol 5, 8-endoperoxide, helvolic acid, aszonalenin (1), (3R)-3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (2), takakiamide (3), (11aR)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11(10H,11aH)-dione (4), and fellutanine A (7), from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of the marine sponge-associated fungus Neosartorya glabra KUFA 0702. The structures of the new compounds were established based on extensive 1D and 2D spectral analysis. X-ray analysis was also used to confirm the relative configuration of the amino acid constituents of sartoryglabramide A (5), and the absolute stereochemistry of the amino acid constituents of sartoryglabramide A (5) and sartoryglabramides B (6) was determined by chiral HPLC analysis of their hydrolysates by co-injection with the D- and L- amino acids standards. Compounds 1-8 were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and Gram-negative (Staphyllococus aureus ATCC 25923) bacteria, as well as for their antifungal activity against filamentous (Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 46645), dermatophyte (Trichophyton rubrum ATCC FF5) and yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). None of the tested compounds exhibited either antibacterial (MIC > 256 μg/mL) or antifungal activities (MIC > 512 μg/mL). © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI.This work was developed in the Natural Products Research Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) of the University of Porto, and partially supported through national funds provided by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and COMPETE, under the projects PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2013, PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014 as well as by the project INNOVMAR - Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, within Research Line NOVELMAR/INSEAFOOD/ECOSERVICES), supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)". We thank Michael Lee of the Department of Chemistry, Leicester University (UK) for providing the HRESIMS. War War May Zin thanks the Lotus Unlimited Project under the ERASMUS MUNDUS ACTION 2-EU-Asia Mobility Project for a Ph.D. scholarship. We thank Júlia Bessa for technical support

Bis-indolyl benzenoids, hydroxypyrrolidine derivatives and other constituents from cultures of the marine sponge-associated fungus aspergillus candidus KUFA0062

A previously unreported bis-indolyl benzenoid, candidusin D (2e) and a new hydroxypyrrolidine alkaloid, preussin C (5b) were isolated together with fourteen previously described compounds: palmitic acid, clionasterol, ergosterol 5,8-endoperoxides, chrysophanic acid (1a), emodin (1b), six bis-indolyl benzenoids including asterriquinol D dimethyl ether (2a), petromurin C (2b), kumbicin B (2c), kumbicin A (2d), 2”-oxoasterriquinol D methyl ether (3), kumbicin D (4), the hydroxypyrrolidine alkaloid preussin (5a), (3S, 6S)-3,6-dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (6) and 4-(acetylamino) benzoic acid (7), from the cultures of the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus candidus KUFA 0062. Compounds 1a, 2a–e, 3, 4, 5a–b, and 6 were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative reference and multidrug-resistant strains isolated from the environment. Only 5a exhibited an inhibitory effect against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and E. faecalis ATCC29212 as well as both methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains. Both 1a and 5a also reduced significant biofilm formation in E. coli ATCC 25922. Moreover, 2b and 5a revealed a synergistic effect with oxacillin against MRSA S. aureus 66/1 while 5a exhibited a strong synergistic effect with the antibiotic colistin against E. coli 1410/1. Compound 1a, 2a–e, 3, 4, 5a–b, and 6 were also tested, together with the crude extract, for cytotoxic effect against eight cancer cell lines: HepG2, HT29, HCT116, A549, A 375, MCF-7, U-251, and T98G. Except for 1a, 2a, 2d, 4, and 6, all the compounds showed cytotoxicity against all the cancer cell lines tested. © 2018 by the authorsAcknowledgments: This work was partially supported through national funds provided by the FCT/MCTES-Foundation for Science and Technology from the Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education (PIDDAC) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC) programme, under the project PTDC/MAR-BIO/4694/2014 (reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016790; Project 3599-Promover a Produção Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e a Constituição de Redes Temáticas (3599-PPCDT)) in the framework of the program PT2020 as well as by the project INNOVMAR-Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, within Research Line NOVELMAR), supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). We thank Júlia Bessa and Sara Cravo for technical support