An overview of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the state of Maranhão, Brazil

The state of Maranhão, located in northeastern Brazil, comprises three biomes: Amazonian, Caatinga, and the Cerrado. To date, 99 ant species have been recorded in the literature from the state. In the present work, we provide for the first time a profile of the ant fauna in the state based on data from the historical literature and Brazilian institutional collections. The updated records on ant diversity for the state of Maranhão revealed a total of 279 species, belonging to 71 genera and 10 subfamilies. In total, 180 species are recorded for the first time in the state, of which four species recorded for the first time in Brazil. In summary, apart from documenting the ant fauna of the region, these results provide a basis for further studies and may contribute to future conservation efforts for the biomes present in this complex landscape

Dacetini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Atlantic Forest

No presente trabalho objetivei estimar o número de espécies de Dacetini que devem ocorrer na serapilheira do bioma da Mata Atlântica, no âmbito do projeto Riqueza e diversidade de Hymenoptera e Isoptera ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal na Mata Atlântica - a floresta pluvial do leste do Brasil, do programa Biota/FAPESP (# 98/05083-0). Foi feita a separação e identificação de cada unidade taxonômica, através da comparação com as espécies já identificadas da coleção de Formicidae do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, quando existentes e comparando-as com as descrições originais, utilizando a chave de identificação para as espécies do mundo. De posse das informações taxonômicas foi preparada a matriz de dados utilizada para calcular os valores de riqueza, montada a partir de informações de frequência de cada espécie nas 50 amostras de 1m2 de serapilheira em cada uma das 26 localidades amostradas pelo projeto Biota. A riqueza esperada de espécies foi calculada por meio de rarefação baseada em amostras (Sobs), utilizando-se os estimadores comumente empregados para este fim: Chao1 (44, DP = 2), Chao 2 (47, DP = 4), Jackknife1(51, DP = 3) e Jackknife 2 (53, DP = 0). Objetivando avaliar a importância das classes de espécies (i.e. raras/comuns) no bioma, submeti os dados de frequência total a análises de modelos de abundância (série logarítmica e log-normal. O modelo de abundância que melhor explicou a distribuição das espécies nas amostras foi o modelo de série logarítmica. Foram identificadas 43 morfo-espécies de Dacetini para a Mata Atlântica pelo projeto Biota, sendo 39 delas já conhecidas para a Ciência e quatro ainda não descritas. Na coleção do Museu de Zoologia, outras sete espécies de Dacetini com ocorrência na Mata Atlântica puderam ser identificadas, apesar de não terem sido amostradas no âmbito do projeto Biota. Apresento diagnoses e mapas de distribuição na Mata Atlântica para as 46 espécies conhecidas de Dacetini (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) (quatro de Acanthognathus e 42 de Strumigenys), assim como descrições de quatro espécies novas de Strumigenys. Descrevo ainda, pela primeira vez, gines de seis espécies de Dacetini da Mata Atlântica. Utilizando-se como referência o valor mais alto dos quatro estimadores, é provável que ainda devam existir três espécies da tribo não registradas no bioma até agora.In the present study I estimated the number of Dacetini species that might occur in the Atlantic Forest leaf-litter, under the project Riqueza e diversidade de Hymenoptera e Isoptera ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal na Mata Atlântica - a floresta pluvial do leste do Brasil, from the Biota/FAPESP (# 98/05083-0) program. I identified each taxonomic unit through comparison with already identified species deposited in the Formicidae collection in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, when they were available, comparing them with the original descriptions and using identification keys to world species. With the taxonomic informations assembled I organized a data matrix based on species frequency in order to compute the richness values from the fifty 1m² litter samples in each of the 26 localities sampled during the Biota Project. The expected richness was calculated through sample rarefaction (Sobs), using the estimators: Chao1 (44, SD=2), Chao 2 (47, SD=4), Jackknife 1 (51, SD=3) and Jackknife 2 (53, SD=0). All estimates were made using the software EstimateS6.0b1a. To assess the importance of species classes (i.e. rare/common) in the biome, I submitted the total frequency data to an abundance analysis (log-series and log-normal). The model which best explained the species distribution in the samples was the log-series model. Fourty three Dacetini morphospecies were identified for the Atlantic Forest in the Biota Project, of which 39 were already known and 4 undescribed. In the Museu de Zoologia collection other seven Dacetini species recorded in the Atlantic Forest were identified, although they were not sampled during the Biota project. I provide diagnosis and distribution maps for the 46 known species of Dacetini (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) (four of Acanthognathus and 42 of Strumigenys), as well as descriptions for four new species of Strumigenys. Also, I describe for the first time gynes for six species of Dacetini from the Atlantic Forest. Using the higher value of the four richness estimators as reference, it is possible to assume that there may be another three unrecorded species for the tribe in this biome

Species descriptions and digital environments: alternatives for accessibility of morphological data

Taxonomists’ efforts throughout history provide significant amount of data that give support for establishing the specific identity of several groups of biological systems. In addition to identifying species, taxonomic research offers a wide range of biological information that can be used in other disciplines, e.g. evolution, ecology, integrated pest management. However, most of this information remains unappreciated due to certain aspects: (1) the advent of analytical tools have led to a shift in interest and investment in researches, focusing mainly in molecular studies; (2) the erroneous concept that the extensive data offered by taxonomic studies can be replaced by other datasets, separating it from its hypothesis-driven and investigative nature; (3) the final products found in taxonomic works are commonly restricted to a small group of researchers, due to its low accessibility and specific language. Considering this last aspect, web-based tools can be valuable to simplify the dissemination of the taxonomic product. Semantic annotation provide a condition in which species descriptions can be readily available and be far more extensive, enabling rapid exchange of countless data related to biological systems. Keywords: Data accessibility, Interoperability, Annotations, Web-based taxonom

Species descriptions and digital environments: alternatives for accessibility of morphological data

Abstract Taxonomists' efforts throughout history provide significant amount of data that give support for establishing the specific identity of several groups of biological systems. In addition to identifying species, taxonomic research offers a wide range of biological information that can be used in other disciplines, e.g. evolution, ecology, integrated pest management. However, most of this information remains unappreciated due to certain aspects: (1) the advent of analytical tools have led to a shift in interest and investment in researches, focusing mainly in molecular studies; (2) the erroneous concept that the extensive data offered by taxonomic studies can be replaced by other datasets, separating it from its hypothesis-driven and investigative nature; (3) the final products found in taxonomic works are commonly restricted to a small group of researchers, due to its low accessibility and specific language. Considering this last aspect, web-based tools can be valuable to simplify the dissemination of the taxonomic product. Semantic annotation provide a condition in which species descriptions can be readily available and be far more extensive, enabling rapid exchange of countless data related to biological systems

Investigação morfológica das espécies pertencentes ao gênero Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), usando anotações semânticas fenotípicas baseadas em ontologias

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Machado FeitosaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa : Curitiba, 26/10/2018Inclui referências: p.33-40Resumo: O gênero Strumigenys atualmente compreende cerca de 840 espécies descritas, distribuídas em todo o mundo, com a maior parte de sua diversidade encontrada nos trópicos. Na região Neotropical, quase 200 espécies são conhecidas atualmente. É reconhecido como um gênero com alta diversidade morfológica, refletindo uma extrema reclassificação genérica que ocorreu no final do século XX e início do século XXI. Considerando essa rica variação morfológica, é possível que grande parte de sua diversidade permaneça inexplorada e não descrita. Neste âmbito, estudos morfológicos de insetos podem ser considerados indispensáveis para a compreensão da funcionalidade concomitante ou sequencial de estruturas complexas e podem sugerir níveis distintos de relações filogenéticas entre os grupos. Trabalhos morfológicos são, em geral, um resumo de um conjunto de elementos, incluindo descrições de estruturas, e suas respectivas condições, em formato textual, referências bibliográficas e imagens. Em uma publicação morfológica tradicional, todos esses elementos são combinados em um único documento. Entretanto, se fossem liberados simultaneamente e mantidos como conjuntos de dados ligados à publicação original em um ambiente externo, haveria efeitos diretos na comunidade científica. A fim de vincular dados de vários campos do conhecimento, disseminando informações morfológicas em um ambiente aberto, o uso de ferramentas que aumentam a interoperabilidade é vital. Nesse contexto, as anotações semânticas parecem ser uma opção para facilitar a disseminação e a recuperação de dados fenotípicos em ambientes digitais. A integração de componentes semânticos (ou seja, baseados na web) com tratamentos anatômicos fornece uma descrição tradicional em linguagem natural junto com um conjunto de anotações semânticas. Com base no exposto, o presente trabalho procura abordar as formas em que termos anatômicos são definidos em um contexto ontológico. Para isso, pretendemos definir conceitos anatômicos em um grupo de formigas altamente diversificado (Strumigenys), utilizando anotações semânticas para enriquecer ontologias anatômicas disponíveis on-line, com foco na definição de termos através da conceituação subjacente. Palavras-chave: Morfologia. Formigas. Ontologia. Anotações semânticas. Terminologia.Abstract: The genus Strumigenys currently comprises about 840 described species distributed worldwide, with most of its diversity found in the tropics. In the Neotropical region, almost 200 species are currently known. It is currently treated as a genus with high morphological diversity, reflecting an extreme generic reclassification that occurred in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Considering this rich morphological variation, it is possible that much of its diversity remains unexplored and undescribed. In this sense, morphological studies of insects are indispensable to the comprehension of the concomitant or sequential functionality of complex structures and may suggest distinct levels of phylogenetic relation among groups. Morphological works are, generally, a summary of a set of elements, including descriptions of structures and respective conditions in textual form, literature references and images. In a traditional morphological publication, all of those elements are combined in a single document. However, if they were to be released simultaneously and maintained as data sets linked to the original publication in an external environment, there would be direct effects on the scientific community. In order to link data from various fields of knowledge, disseminating morphological information in an open environment, the use of tools that enhance interoperability is vital. In this context, semantic annotations appear to be a choice to facilitate dissemination and retrieving of phenotypic data in digital environments. Integrating semantic (i.e. web-based) components with anatomic treatments provides a traditional description in natural language along with a set of semantic annotations. Based on the aforementioned, the present work to address the ways in which anatomical terms are defined in an ontological context. For this, we aim to define anatomical concepts in a highly diverse group of ants (i.e. Strumigenys) using semantic annotations to enrich anatomical ontologies available online, focusing on definition of terms through subjacent conceptualization. Keywords: Morphology. Ants. Ontology. Semantic annotation. Terminology

Strumigenys eggersi , Emery 1890

Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890 Figs 5–6 Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890: 69. Strumigenys (Pyramica) eggersi – Brown 1948: 110. Pyramica eggersi – Bolton 1999: 1673. Strumigenys eggersi – Baroni Urbani & De Andrade 2007: 128. Diagnosis Strumigenys eggersi mostly resembles S. denticulata and can be distinguished from this species by the combination of shorter mandibles (ML 0.288 and MI 65.6 from the former opposed to the ML 0.355 and MI 84.9 from the latter), humeral setae filiform (Fig. 6B), presence of a pair of erect setae in the anteromedial area of the pronotum (Fig. 6B), and fourth abdominal tergite mostly sculptured. Type material Lectotype (designated herein) (label information) (Fig. 5) BRAZIL • “ Strumigenys eggersi St. Thomas Eggers ” [handwritten]; “Typus” [printed]; “ ANTWEB CASENT 0904936 ” [printed]; “ Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890 LECTOTYPE” [printed]; MCSN. Paralectotypes (label information) BRAZIL • 2 workers; same label information as for lectotype; “ Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890 PARALECTOTYPE” [printed]; MCSN • 1 worker; same label information as for lectotype; “ Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890 PARALECTOTYPE ” [printed]; “ MZSP78535 ” [printed]; MZSP • 1 worker; “ St. Thomas ” [handwritten]; “ G. Mayr ” [printed]; “Type” [printed]; “ Strumigenys eggersi Emery, 1890 PARALECTOTYPE ” [printed]; “ NHMW-HYM4953 ” [printed]; NHMW • 1 worker; same label information as for preceding; “ NHMW-HYM4954 ” [printed]; NHMW • 1 worker; “ S. Thomas ” [handwritten]; “ Strumigenys eggersi Em. ” [handwritten]; “ Strumigenys Eggersi Emery S. Thomas ” [handwritten]; “Type” [printed]; “GBIF-D/FoCol 2160 specimen + label data documented” [printed]; ZMHB. Additional material examined BRAZIL – Bahia • 5 workers; Ilhéus; 14°47′36.62″ S, 39°2′46.97″ W; [no date]; [no collector]; MZSP. – Espírito Santo • 1 worker; Reserva Biológica Córrego Grande; 18°10′55.8″ S, 39°54′19.8″ W; 51 m a.s.l.; 31 Jan. 2018 – 5 Feb. 2018; N. Safar, H. Cândido, and M. Cóser leg.; Winkler; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-008214. – Mato Grosso • 1 worker; Canarana-Querência; 13°04′ S, 52°23′ W; M. Bicalho and V. Ribeiro leg.; UFV-LABECOL-001788. – Minas Gerais • 1 worker; Viçosa; 13 Mar. 1998; S.M. Soares leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001805 • 1 worker; Araponga; Apr. 2011; D. Muscardi; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001811 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Horto UFV; 20°45′24.11″ S, 42°52′26.43″ W; 660 m a.s.l.; Mar. 2012; J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001790 • 1 queen; Viçosa; 20°46′12.3″ S, 42°52′02.4″ W; 29 Feb. 2016; S. Epifânio, R. Jesus and J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-007490 • 1 worker; Monte Carmelo; 23–26 May 2016; J.M.M. Aguiar leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-008354 • 1 queen; Buritizeiro, Fazenda Porto; Feb. 2005; R.B.F. Campos leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001816 • 1 worker; Ipaba, Fazenda Macedônia; Jan. 2005; T. Marques leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001813. – Santa Catarina • 1 queen; Araranguá, Restinga Morro dos Conventos; 7–23 Jan. 2008; D.C. Cardoso and M.P. Cristiano leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001815. – Pará • 1 worker; Paragominas; Jan.–Jul. 2011; R. Solar leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001778. – Paraná • 1 worker; Matinhos; 25°49′26.94″ S, 48°32′58.14″ W; [no date]; [no collector]; MZSP. – Rio Grande do Sul • 2 workers; Morro Reuter; 29°32′18″ S, 51°4′53.86″ W; [no date]; [no collector]; MZSP. – Rio de Janeiro • 1 worker; Santa Teresa; 22°56′42.11″ S, 43°12′39.70″ W; [no date]; [no collector]; MZSP. – São Paulo • 1 worker; Ilha dos Búzios; 23°47′56.89″ S, 45°7’60.00″ W; [no date]; [no collector]; MZSP. Lectotype measurements ABD4L 0.321; DPW 0.104; EL 0.043; HL 0.439; HT 0.25; HW 0.366; ML 0.288; PH 0.115; PL 0.197; PPL 0.098; PW 0.245; SL 0.221; WL 0.461; TL 1.872; CI 83.4; DPI 52.8; LPI 58.4; MI 65.6; OI 11.7; SI 60.4. Paralectotype measurements ABD4L 0.304; DPW 0.102; EL 0.036; HL 0.415; HT 0.253; HW 0.343; ML 0.278; PH 0.107; PL 0.202; PPL 0.087; PW 0.241; SL 0.230; WL 0.443; TL 1.729; CI 82.7; DPI 50.5; LPI 53.0; MI 67.0; OI 10.5; SI 67.1 (n = 1; ZMHB GBIF-D /FoCol 2160). Non-type measurements ABD4L 0.320 –0.410; DPW 0.085 –0.115; EL 0.040 –0.050; HL 0.420 –0.470; HT 0.240 –0.270; HW 0.340 –0.390; ML 0.250 –0.280; PH 0.110 –0.130; PL 0.190 –0.210; PPL 0.080 –0.100; PW 0.220 – 0.255; SL 0.220 –0.250; WL 0.420 –0.490; TL 1.690 –1.955; CI 81.0–86.0; DPI 44.7–55.3; LPI 55.0– 61.9; MI 58.1–65.9; OI 10.8–14.1; SI 62.0–66.7 (n = 6). Description SCULPTURE. Head entirely reticulate-punctate, including antennal scrobe. Mesosoma entirely reticulatepunctate, except for katepisternum which is smooth (Fig. 6B). Fourth abdominal tergite reticulatepunctate almost entirely. Length of basigastral costulae, in dorsal view, less than half the length of postpetiole. SETAE. Cephalic ground-setae remiform (Fig, 6A). Two pairs of remiform erect setae on cephalic dorsum; both pairs located in the posterior third of cephalic dorsum, one pair nearer to occipital margin than the other. Apicoscrobal setae flagellate (Fig. 6A). Anterior margin of scape with one or more remiform setae curved towards antennal insertion. Humeral setae filiform (Fig. 6B). Pair of erect setae located in the antero-medial area of pronotum filiform (Fig. 6B). Setae on petiole, postpetiole and fourth abdominal tergite remiform to slightly clavate. HEAD. Masticatory margin of mandible with six preapical denticles (Fig. 6A). Apex of mandible with two minute intercalary denticles (Fig. 6A). Anterior clypeal margin, in dorsal view, convex medially. Eye, in lateral view, with three ommatidia in the longest row. Eye located in the anterior half of head. In dorsal view, scape cylindrical. Third flagellomere smaller than fourth flagellomere; length of former almost a third of length of latter. MESOSOMA. Humerus with a small angular projection. Dorsum of mesonotum, in lateral view, convex, confluent with dorsum of pronotum. Metanotal groove relatively well impressed. Propodeal spine relatively long and triangular, somewhat translucent, and linked to propodeal lobe by a narrow lamella that extends throughout propodeal declivity. Femoral bulla small, ovate and located distally on the dorsal margin of sclerite. METASOMA. Petiolar node, in dorsal view, wider than long; in lateral view, anterior margin longer than dorsal margin. Anterior margin of postpetiole, in dorsal view, medially concave. Lateral and ventral spongiform processes of petiole absent. Ventral spongiform lobe of postpetiole small (Fig. 6B). Lateral spongiform lobe of postpetiole minute, almost vestigial (Fig. 6B). Ventral basigastral spongiform pad reduced to curved (U-shaped in anterior view) carina. Comments Bolton (2000) considered S. eggersi as a member of the gundlachi complex (i.e., a cluster of species under the gundlachi species group), along with Strumigenys connectens Kempf, 1958, S. decipula (Bolton, 2000), S. denticulata Mayr, 1887, S. enopla (Bolton, 2000), S. gemella Kempf, 1975, S. gundlachi (Roger, 1862), S. jamaicensis Brown, 1959, S. laevipleura Kempf, 1858, S. lalassa (Bolton, 2000), S. nubila Lattke & Goitía, 1997, S. subedentata Mayr, 1887, S. trieces Brown, 1960, S. vartana (Bolton, 2000), and S. xenognatha Kempf, 1958. This species is widespread in the Neotropics, with its northernmost range in Florida, USA (Wetterer 2018) and southernmost range in Santa Fé, Argentina (Vittar & Cuezzo 2008). According to Wetterer (2018), this species can be commonly found in urban areas when occurring outside its original range, which was, according to Brown (1960), “probably south Brazil and Bolivia, though a lack of collections from central and northern Brazil prevents us from knowing how far north this species extends”. Since Brown’s (1960) work, the number of records of S. eggersi in the Neotropical region has greatly increased, especially due to recent sampling efforts conducted in ecosystems both within and adjacent to the Amazon basin. Nonetheless, there still remains a large record gap for the species in the center of the Amazon biome. Although the revision of the species was not the aim of the present work, it is important to consider that the continuous reduction of this ‘distribution gap’ is fundamental when addressing the specific boundaries for S. eggersi. Among the specimens examined, dentition patterns varied greatly, both in size and number. In the lectotype, there are total of seven preapical teeth restricted to the distal third of the inner margin of the mandible, while in some other specimens observed there are five or six preapical teeth. Bolton (2000) mentioned that specimens belonging to S. eggersi can have four to eight teeth in the inner margin of the mandible, indicating that teeth variation is expected in this species. However, Longino (2006) provided an important account on the usefulness of teeth variation in demarcating different species of Strumigenys belonging to the gundlachi group, indicating that dental variation (number and relative size of teeth) should be carefully considered when discriminating potential new species in this group.Published as part of Silva, Thiago Sanches Ranzani Da, Chaul, Júlio Cezar Mário & Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado, 2022, Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 103-126 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 (1) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1673, http://zenodo.org/record/634210

Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

In 1887, Mayr described four species of the ant genus Strumigenys collected in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina: Strumigenys unidentata, Strumigenys subedentata, Strumigenys denticulata, and Strumigenys crassicornis. All of them were described based on a series of one to several specimens, without designation of a holotype, as usual at that time. The same can be said about Strumigenys eggersi, described by Emery in 1890 based on specimens collected in Saint Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands), without designation of a holotype. In 1961, Brown designated a lectotype for S. unidentata and synonymized it under Strumigenys louisianae. However, the specimens belonging to the type series of the other four species remain as syntypes. Considering that these are four of the most frequently collected species of Strumigenys in the Neotropical region, in this work we provide lectotype designations and complete redescriptions for S. crassicornis, S. denticulata, S. eggersi, and S. subedentata to ensure the taxonomic stability of these names

Strumigenys denticulata Mayr 1887

Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 Figs 3–4 Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887: 576. Pyramica aschnae Makhan, 2007: 2, figs 3–4 (synonymyzed by Bolton et al. 2008). Pyramica aschnakiranae Makhan, 2007: 3, figs 5–6 (synonymyzed by Bolton et al. 2008). Pyramica denticulata – Bolton 1999: 1672. Strumigenys denticulata – Baroni Urbani & De Andrade 2007: 117. Diagnosis Strumigenys denticulata can be distinguished from other local species by the combination of long mandibles, flagellate humeral setae (Fig. 4B), reduced postpetiolar spongiform projections (Fig. 4B), and fourth abdominal tergite mostly smooth. Type material Lectotype (designated herein) (label information) (Fig. 3) BRAZIL • “ St. Cath Hetschko ” [printed]; “ Collect. G. Mayr ” [printed]; “ denticulata ” [handwritten] “G. Mayr, Type” [printed]; “ANTWEB CASENT 0915944 ” [printed]; “ Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 LECTOTYPE” [printed]; “ NHMW-HYM4949 ” [printed]; NMHW. Paralectotypes (label information) BRAZIL • 1 worker; same collection data as for lectotype; “ Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 PARALECTOTYPE” [printed]; “ MCZT_28511 ” [printed]; MCZ • 2 workers; “ Blumenau ” [printed]; “Coll. G. Mayr, Type” [printed]; “ Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 PARALECTOTYPE ” [printed]; “ NHMW-HYM4952 ” [printed]; NHMW • 1 worker; “ St. Catharina Coll. G. Mayr [printed]; “Type” [printed]; “ Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 PARALECTOTYPE ” [printed]; “ NHMW-HYM4950 ” [printed]; NMHW • 1 worker; “ St. Catharina Coll. G. Mayr ” [printed];“126 Hetschko 1/984” [handwriten] “Type” [printed]; “ Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 PARALECTOTYPE ” [printed]; “NHMW- HYM4951 ” [printed]; NHMW • 1 worker; “ St. Catharina Coll. G. Mayr ” [printed]; “Brit. Mus. 1922– 501.” [printed]; “ denticulata ” [handwritten] “G. Mayr, Type” [printed]; “ BMNH(E)1013551 ” [printed]; “ANTWEB CASENT 0900180 ” [printed]; “Syntype” [printed] “ Strumigenys denticulata Mayr, 1887 PARALECTOTYPE ” [printed]; NHMUK. Additional material examined BRAZIL – Amazonas • 4 workers, 1 queen; Terra Firme; 02°34′ S, 60°06′ W; 7 Nov. 1990; M.O. de Oliveira leg.; capoeira; km 10; ZF-02; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-009312 • 1 worker; Manaus, Colosso Camp; 2°24′17.6″ S, 59°53′37.6″ W; 12–21 Aug. 2016; B. Boudinot, I. Fernandes and J. Chaul leg.; CELC, ANTWEB1038943 – Bahia • 2 workers, 2 queens; Itacaré; 14°17′38.0″ S, 38°59′08.6″ W; 23 Oct. 2015; J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001970. – Espírito Santo • 1 worker; Conceição da Barra, Reserva Biológica Córrego Grande; 18°15′18.3″ S, 39°49′04.0″ W; 33 m a.s.l.; 21 Apr.–10 May 2017; N. Safar, C. Aquila and C. Guimarães leg.; Winkler; CELC, ANTWEB1032525 • 1 worker, 1 queen; Conceição da Barra, Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto; 18°24′31.4″ S, 39°50′00.9″ W; 33 m a.s.l.; 21 Apr.– 10 May 2017; N. Safar, C.Aquila and C. Guimarães; Winkler; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-0008497. – Mato Grosso • 1 worker; Canarana-Querência; 13°04′ S, 52°23′ W; Jun. 2013; M. Bicalho and V. Ribeiro leg.; Winkler; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001884. – Minas Gerais • 1 worker; São Tiago; 20°57′09.69″ S, 44°26′32.09″ W; Feb. 2012; M. Padilha leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010975 • 1 queen; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001878 • 1 queen; Viçosa; 13 Jan. 1998; S.M. Soares leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001889 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 2009–2010; A.S. Pereira leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001855 • 1 queen; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-001854 • 1 queen; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001888 • 3 queens; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001733 • 1 worker; Viçosa; Jan. 2011; L.G. Dornelas leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001817 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 20°48′08″ S, 42°51′31″ W; 13–18 Mar. 2011; L. Paolucci leg.; Berlese; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001786 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001680 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001772 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001760 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001777 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-001773 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001763 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001787 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001785 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001784 • 1 worker; Viçosa; 20°47′44.2″ S, 42°50′47.6″ W; 15 Feb. 2006; F.A. Schmidt leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001694 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Mata do Seu Nico; 20°47′54.5″ S, 42°50′49.9″ W; 745 m a.s.l.; 13 Apr. 2012; F.A. Schmidt, F.M. Rezende and R.S. Jesus leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001747 • 1 worker, 1 queen; Viçosa, Horto UFV; 8 Feb. 2012; J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001887 • 1 worker, 1 queen; 20°45′30.44″ S, 42°51′49.65″ W; 731 m a.s.l.; 5 May 2013; J. Chaul and N. Safar leg.; epigaeic Winkler; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-008836 • 1 queen; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 20°48′ S, 42°51′ W; 12 Feb. 2015; J. Chaul and A.P. Alves leg.; Winkler; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001715 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Mata dos Cristais; 20°46′36.84″ S, 42°50′31.56″ W; Apr. 2013; J. Chaul and R.S. Jesus leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-008220 • 2 workers; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 20°48′18.1″ S, 42°51′05.5″ W; May 2014; R. Jesus leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-000066 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 20°48′19″ S, 42°51′12″ W; 12 Jul. 2016; A.P. Raimundo, L. Ferreira, J. Chaul and L. Paolucci leg.; hypogaeic Winkler; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010979 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010978 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010977 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010976 • 1 worker; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 20°48′08.4″ S, 42°51′31.1″ W; 16 Feb. 2018; F. Ferreira leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-009450 • 1 queen; Viçosa, Mata do Paraíso; 20°48′23.3″ S, 42°51′00.5″ W; 6–13 Jan. 2017; R.S. Jesus leg.; Malaise trap; CELC, ANTWEB1032934 • 1 worker; Araponga; Apr. 2011; D. Muscardi; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001894 • 1 worker, 1 queen; Araponga, Cachoeira do Boné; 20°39′43″ S, 42°26′57.5″ W; 11 Feb. 2016; J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-001536 • 2 workers; Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Estrada Araponga- Fervedouro; 20°44′21.9″ S, 42°27′20.6″ W; 16 Oct. 2016; N. Safar and T. Fernandes leg.; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-009314 • 1 worker; Timóteo, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce; 19°46′ S, 42°37′ W; 2009; F.A. Schmidt leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001857 • 1 worker, 1 queen; Parque Estadual do Itacolomi; 20°25′36.1″ S, 43°30′23.3″ W; 25–31 Oct. 2016; G. Soares, J. Falcon, L.F. Climaco and T. Pontes leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010729 • 1 worker; Parna do Cipó, Cachoeira da Farofa; 19°22′45.9″ S, 43°34′32.8″ W; 11 May 2016; J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-011008 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-011009 • 1 worker; Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra da Serpentina; 19.03394° S, 43.33687° W; 1–7 Sep. 2010; R.R. Silva leg.; Winkler; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-010460 • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010462 • 1 worker; Ipaba, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Fazenda Macedônia, CENIBRA; Nov. 2005; T. Marques leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001875. – Pará • 1 worker; Paragominas; Jan.–Jul. 2011; R. Solar leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001722 • 1 worker; Primavera; 01°00′36″ S, 47°07′04″ W; 5–6 Nov. 2018; L.P. Prado and K.L.S. Sampaio; Winkler; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-010477 • 2 workers; Portel; 01°50′31.3″ S, 50°37′44.4″ W; 5 Jun. 2016; E.L.S. Siqueira and team leg.; Winkler; CELC, UFV- LABECOL-010449. – Paraná • 22 workers; Tunas do Paraná, Parque Estadual das Lauráceas, Trilha da Anta; 24°51′27.53″ S, 48°43.2′58″ W; 2–4 May 2017; T.S.R. Silva, N. Ladino, R.M. Feitosa leg.; DZUP. – Rondônia • 1 queen; Rolim Moura; 11°34′11.9″ S, 61°45′37.0″ W; 8 Oct. 2015; E.A. Silva leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-011006. – Santa Catarina • 1 worker; Parque Estadual Serra Dourada; 28°10′38″ S, 49°23′38,94″ W; 31 May 2014; A.S. Pereira leg.; A3W05; DZUP • 1 worker; Orleans, Parque Estadual da Serra Furada; 28°10′38″ S, 49°23′38.94″ W; 31 May 2014; A.S. Pereira leg.; A3W05; DZUP • 1 worker; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Mar. 2014; A3W06; DZUP • 1 worker, 1 queen; Florianópolis, Lagoinha do Leste; 27°46′31.0″ S, 48°29′06.0″ W; 18 Feb. 2016; J. Chaul leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-008223. – São Paulo • 1 worker; Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar; 23°21′ S, 44°51′ W; 2009; F.A. Schmidt leg.; CELC, UFV-LABECOL-001853. PERU – Madre de Dios • 1 worker; Puerto Maldonado, Reserva Nacional Tambopata; 12°51′21″ S 69°21′43″ W; 210 m a.s.l.; 19–31 Jul. 2012; R. Feitosa leg.; CELC. Lectotype measurements ABD4L 0.321; DPW 0.078; EL 0.033; HL 0.418; HT 0.221; HW 0.321; ML 0.355; PH 0.106; PL 0.172; PPL 0.115; PW 0.226; SL 0.236; WL 0.441; TL 1.816; CI 77.9; DPI 45.3; LPI 61.6; MI 84.9; OI 10.3; SI 73.5. Paralectotype measurements ABD4L N/A; DPW 0.094; EL 0.035; HL 0.405; HT 0.218; HW 0.33; ML 0.308; PH 0.104; PL 0.185; PPL N/A; PW 0.228; SL 0.232; WL 0.462; TL N/A; CI 81.5; DPI 50.8; LPI 56.2; MI 76; OI 10.6; SI 70.3 (n = 1; NHMUK BMNH (E)1013551; see Comments for missing measurement values). Non-type measurements ABD4L 0.280 –0.370; DPW 0.080 –0.105; EL 0.040 –0.050; HL 0.400 –0.450; HT 0.220 –0.250; HW 0.320 –0.365; ML 0.280 –0.370; PH 0.100 –0.115; PL 0.170 –0.200; PPL 0.080 –0.090; PW 0.220 – 0.250; SL 0.230 –0.280; WL 0.420 –0.480; TL 1.660 –1.895; CI 76.2–81.8; DPI 47.1–55.6; LPI 54.1– 61.8; MI 70.0–88.1; OI 11.8–13.7; SI 70.8–84.4 (n = 10). Description SCULPTURE. Head entirely reticulate-punctate, including antennal scrobe. Mesosoma entirely reticulatepunctate, except for katepisternum and part of metapleura, which are smooth (Fig. 4B). Fourth abdominal tergite superficially reticulate-punctate near base. Length of basigastral costulae, in dorsal view, more or less equal to length of postpetiole. SETAE. Cephalic ground-setae remiform (Fig. 4A). Two pairs of remiform erect setae on cephalic dorsum; one pair near medial region of head, other near occipital margin. Apicoscrobal setae flagellate (Fig. 4A). Anterior margin of scape with one or more remiform setae curved towards antennal insertion. Humeral setae flagellate (Fig. 4B). Erect setae on antero-medial region of pronotum absent. Pair of erect setae on mesonotum stiff, simple to slightly remiform. Setae on petiole, postpetiole and fourth abdominal tergite remiform to slightly clavate. HEAD. Masticatory margin of mandible with 5–10 preapical denticles (Fig. 4A). Apex of mandible with two minute intercalary denticles (Fig. 4A). Anterior clypeal margin, in dorsal view, convex medially. Eye, in lateral view, with three to four ommatidia along longest row. Eye on anterior half of head. In dorsal view, scape cylindrical. Third flagellomere smaller than fourth flagellomere; length of former only one-third of length of latter. MESOSOMA. Humerus with small angular projection. Dorsum of mesonotum, in lateral view, convex, confluent with dorsum of pronotum. Metanotal groove weakly impressed, almost absent in lateral view. Propodeal spine relatively long and triangular, linked to propodeal lobe by narrow carina that extends throughout propodeal declivity. Femoral bulla small, ovate and located distally on dorsal margin of sclerite. METASOMA. Petiolar node, in dorsal view, slightly wider than long, almost as long as wide; in lateral view, anterior margin almost as long as dorsal margin. Anterior margin of postpetiole, in dorsal view, concave. Lateral and ventral spongiform processes of petiole absent. Ventral spongiform lobe of postpetiole minute (Fig. 4B). Lateral spongiform lobe of postpetiole vestigial (Fig. 4B). Ventral basigastral spongiform pad absent. Comments Bolton (2000) considered S. denticulata as a member of the gundlachi complex (i.e., a cluster of species under the gundlachi species group), along with Strumigenys connectens Kempf, 1958, S. decipula (Bolton, 2000), S. eggersi Emery, 1890, S. enopla (Bolton, 2000), S. gemella Kempf, 1975, S. gundlachi (Roger, 1862), S. jamaicensis Brown, 1959, S. laevipleura Kempf, 1958, S. lalassa (Bolton, 2000), S. nubila Lattke & Goitía, 1997, S. subedentata Mayr, 1887, S. trieces Brown, 1960, S. vartana (Bolton, 2000), and S. xenognatha Kempf, 1958. Members of the gundlachi complex are defined by the following traits (Bolton 2000): (i) inner margin of mandible without a submedian tooth or denticle near midlength; (ii) inner margin of mandible with several teeth of different sizes posterior to the apicodorsal tooth; (iii) two (rarely three) intercalary teeth; (iv) labral lobes short; and (v) setae on apices of labral lobes long (i.e., longer than the labral lobes). According to Bolton (2000), specimens belonging to S. denticulata have a wide range of mandibular length variation, with individuals collected in a single leaf litter sample presenting MIs ranging from 72 to 85. It is important to notice that the MI of the lectotype falls near the maximum value established by Bolton (i.e., MI 84.9). On the other hand, ML and HL measurements fall well within the range proposed by the same author as diagnosable for the species (i.e., ML 0.355 and HL 0.418). According to Bolton (2000), some specimens identified as S. denticulata have the katepisternum entirely reticulate-punctate, while all specimens observed in this study (cf. examined material) have a smooth patch in the katepisternum, including the lectotype. All specimens observed had the fourth abdominal tergite mostly smooth, only with the base of the sclerite with reticulate-punctate sculpture. One of the paralectotypes (BMNH(E)1013551) is missing the postpetiole and gaster, rendering it impossible to evaluate morphological variability of those body regions in this particular individual.Published as part of Silva, Thiago Sanches Ranzani Da, Chaul, Júlio Cezar Mário & Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado, 2022, Lectotype designation and redescription of four commonly collected Neotropical species of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 103-126 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 (1) on pages 111-116, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1673, http://zenodo.org/record/634210